Erbium(III) chloride
Template:Chembox Erbium(III) chloride is a violet solid with the formula Template:Chem2. It is used in the preparation of erbium metal.
Preparation
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Anhydrous erbium(III) chloride can be produced by the ammonium chloride route.[1][2][3] In the first step, erbium(III) oxide is heated with ammonium chloride to produce the ammonium salt of the pentachloride:
In the second step, the ammonium chloride salt is converted to the trichloride by heating in a vacuum at 350-400 °C:
Structural data
Erbium(III) chloride forms crystals of the [[aluminium chloride|Template:Chem2]] type, with monoclinic crystals and the point group C2/m.[4]
Erbium(III) chloride hexahydrate also forms monoclinic crystals with the point group of P2/n (P2/c) - C42h. In this compound, erbium is octa-coordinated to form Template:Chem2 ions with the isolated Template:Chem2 completing the structure.[5]
Optical properties
Erbium(III) chloride solutions show a negative nonlinear absorption effect.[6]Template:Clarification needed
Catalytic properties
The use of erbium(III) chloride as a catalyst has been demonstrated in the acylation of alcohols and phenols[7] and in an amine functionalisation of furfural.[8] It is a catalyst for Friedel–Crafts-type reactions, and can be used in place of cerium(III) chloride for Luche reductions.[9]
References
Template:Erbium compounds Template:Chlorides Template:Lanthanide halides
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- ↑ Dalpozzo Renato, De Nino Antonio, Maiuolo Loredana, Oliverio Manuela, Procopio Antonio, Russo Beatrice, Tocci Amedeo (2007) Erbium(iii) Chloride: a Very Active Acylation Catalyst. Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, 75-79. Script error: No such module "doi".
- ↑ Synthesis of trans-4,5-Bis-dibenzylaminocyclopent-2-enone from Furfural Catalyzed by ErCl3·6H2O Mónica S. Estevão, Ricardo J. V. Martins, and Carlos A. M. Afonso Journal of Chemical Education 2017 94 (10), 1587-1589 Script error: No such module "doi".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".