Enstrom F-28
(Redirected from Enstrom 280)
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The Enstrom F-28 and 280 are a family of small, light piston engine powered helicopters produced by the Enstrom Helicopter Corporation.[1]
Design and development
Since delivering their first helicopter shortly after Federal Aviation Administration type certification of the F-28 model in April 1965, Enstrom helicopter has produced, since 2007[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., approximately 1,200 aircraft.[2]
The company produces three models, the F-28, the more aerodynamic 280 and the turbine-powered 480, each with their own variants. The F-28 and 280 both use Lycoming piston engines, virtually identical to those found in general aviation fixed-wing aircraft.[1]
Variants
F-28
- F-28
- Initial production version, powered by Script error: No such module "convert". Lycoming HIO-360-A1A or A1B engine. Certified April 1965. 13 built.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
- F-28A
- Improved version with modified gearing to increase effective power to Script error: No such module "convert".. Certified May 1968. 316 built.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
- T-28
- Experimental turbine powered variant. One Script error: No such module "convert". Garrett AiResearch TSE 36-1 engine.[1]Template:Sfn
- F-28B
- Experimental version of F-28 with turbocharged engine.[1]Template:Sfn
- F-28C
- Fitted with a Script error: No such module "convert". turbocharged Lycoming HIO-360-E1AD or HIO-360-E1BD engine. Increased gross weight and tail rotor moved from starboard to port side. Certified December 1975. 177 built.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
- F-28F Falcon
- Similar to F-28C with Script error: No such module "convert". HIO-360-F1AD engine, improved turbocharger and addition of a throttle correlator. Certified December 1980. 132 built.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
- F-27F-P
- Police patrol version.Template:Sfn
- Spitfire Mark I
- A turbine powered derivative powered by Script error: No such module "convert". Allison 250-C20B engine, built by Spitfire Helicopters Inc. One built.Template:Sfn
- Spitfire Mark II Tigershark
- Further stretched and more powerful derivative of Spitfire I. One built.A turbine powered conversion by Spitfire Helicopters Inc.Template:Sfn
280
- 280 Shark
- Streamlined fuselage shape, powered by Script error: No such module "convert". HIO-360-C1A or HIO-360-C1B engine. Certified September 1974. 21 built.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
- 280C Shark
- Shark with turbocharged engine and revised tail rotor of F-28C. Aerodynamically refined version of the F28C-2, equipped with an upgraded engine, fitted with a turbocharger. Certified December 1975. 6 built.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
- 280L Hawk
- Stretched cabin four-seat version, with Script error: No such module "convert". HIO-360-F1AD engine, first flying in December 1968. Two built.Template:Sfn Development halted due to lack of funds.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- 280F
- Similar to 280C with modifications of F-28F. Certified December 1980. 132 built as of 1998Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Sfn
- 280FX
- Based on the 280F with landing gear fairings, redesigned air intakes on top of the cabin and a redesigned and relocated horizontal stabilizer with vertical end plates. Certified in January 1985. 80 built as of 1998.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Operators
Civil operators
The aircraft is operated by a large number of small commercial and flight training operators, most operating one or two aircraft.
Military and government operators
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- Colombian Air Force - 12 F-28F trainers delivered 1994.[5]
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Accidents and incidents
- On 22 October 1986, an Enstrom F-28F Falcon suffered a mechanical failure at an altitude of Script error: No such module "convert". over Manhattan in New York City due to the installation of an improper clutch, struck a fence, and crashed into the Hudson River during a traffic report by WNBC 660 AM radio flying traffic reporter Jane Dornacker. The broadcast captured her shouting "Hit the water! Hit the water! Hit the water!" as the helicopter went down. The pilot survived with serious injuries, but Dornacker died on the way to the hospital.[10]
- On 26 January 2015, an Enstrom 280FX crashed at Erie, Colorado, following the separation of its main rotor blades, killing both the student and instructor on board. The accident was caused by a failure of the main rotor spindle as a result of a crack. The accident resulted in the issuance of an Emergency Airworthiness Directive (AD) by the United States Federal Aviation Administration on 12 February 2015 grounding more than 300 helicopters. The AD requires a magnetic particle inspection to detect cracks in the main rotor spindle in aircraft with more than 5,000 hours and requires replacing the spindle if cracked.[11]
- On 1 December 2023 an Enstrom 280FX crashed into a car on a Madrid motorway, leaving three people injured.[12]
Specifications (F28F)
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
References
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- ↑ a b c d Apostolo, Giorgio: The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Helicopters, pages 64-65. Bonanza Books, New York, 1984. Template:ISBN
- ↑ Rotorspot.nl: Enstrom Production List Template:Webarchive
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- ↑ planecrashinfo.com Famous People Who Died in Aviation Accidents: 1980s
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Bibliography
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