Oenotrians
Template:Short description The Oenotrians or Enotrians were an ancient Italic people who inhabited a territory in Southern Italy from Paestum to southern Calabria. By the sixth century BC, the Oenotrians had been absorbed into other Italic tribes.
Etymology
A likely derivation of the ethnonym Oenotrian is the Greek Script error: No such module "lang". (Template:Langx),[1] as the Oenotrians inhabited a territory rich in vineyards, with Oenotria or Enotria (Template:Langx) being extended to refer to the entirety of Southern Italy.[2] Hesychius mentions the word Script error: No such module "lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".), a kind of a vine stake.[3]
History
It is thought that the Oenotrians represent the southern branch of a very old ethno-linguistic group, different from the proto-Latin one, which occupied the Tyrrhenian Sea area from Liguria to Sicily (Ligurian/Sicanian layer).[4] They are generally depicted as belonging to the Pelasgians.[5] According to Antoninus Liberalis and Hellanicus, their arrival triggered the migration of the Elymians to Sicily[6] around 1260 BC.
Ancient authors from the 1st century BC state that Oenotria was named after Oenotrus, the youngest of the fifty sons of Lycaon who migrated there from Arcadia in Peloponnese, Greece.[7][8][9] However, inscriptions from the 6th or the 5th century BC in the ancient Oenotrian settlement of Tortora reveal that they spoke an Italic language.[10][11]
Virgil (70–21 BC) mentions them as the settlers whose descendants now call their land Italy after the name of their leader Italus.[12] Pliny the Elder (23–79 AD) mentions that "opposite Velia are Pontia and Isacia, both known under the name of Oenotrides, a proof that Italy was formerly possessed by the Oenotrians".[13]
The settlement of the Greeks with the first stable colonies such as Metapontum pushed the Oenotrians inland and started a war of attrition with the Greek colonies, which they plundered more than once.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
From the 5th century BC the Oenotrians disappeared under the pressure of the Lucanians.
Language
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". In 1991, inscriptions dating from the 6th or the 5th century BC were discovered in the ancient Oenotrian settlement of Tortora, Calabria, and revealed that the Oenotrians spoke an Italic language.[14][15]
References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, Script error: No such module "Lang"., A Greek-English Lexicon, Perseus Project
- ↑ McGee, Harold. On Food and Cooking: The Science and Lore of the Kitchen. Simon and Schuster, 2004, Template:ISBN, p. 716. "... calling southern Italy Oenotria, 'land of the grape'. Over the next couple of centuries, Rome advanced the art of winemaking considerably."
- ↑ Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, Script error: No such module "Lang"., A Greek-English Lexicon, Perseus Project
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities. Book I, 22 (LacusCurtius)
- ↑ Pausanias, "Arcadia", Description of Greece, 8.3.5 (Theoi Project)
- ↑ Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Roman Antiquities. Book I, 11–13 (LacusCurtius)
- ↑ Eusebius, Chronography, 102 (topostext Project)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Pliny the Elder, Natural History, 3.85
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".