Enderûn

File:Musée des anciens costumes turcs d'Istanbul (Jean Brindisi, 1855) - 20 - Enderoun Houmayoun Itch-Aghalar, Djudjé, Enderoun Houmayoun Dilcisi.jpg

Pages of the (Inner Service) with a court dwarf and a deaf-mute ()

(Template:Langx, from Persian , Template:Lit.) was the term used in the Ottoman Empire to designate the "Inner Service" of the imperial court, concerned with the private service of the Ottoman sultans, as opposed to the state-administrative "Outer Service" ().Template:Sfn Its name derives from the location of the sultan's apartments in the inner court of the Topkapi Palace, which in turn echoed the arrangements of the palace in Edirne, the Ottomans' second capital.Template:Sfn

The Inner Service was divided into departments (termed , 'chamber'). Four were dedicated to the Sultan's personal service. In descending order of importance, these were the Privy Chamber (), the Treasury (), the Privy Larder (), and the Campaign Chamber ().Template:Sfn The head of the Inner Service—and until the rise of the Kizlar Agha the most powerful person in the palace after the Sultan—was the Kapi Agha or chief white eunuch.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn After the Kapi Agha came a number of senior officers or aghas: the head of the Privy Chamber (), who on account of his permanent proximity to the Sultan was a very influential individual; the Sultan's stirrup-holder (); the keeper of the Sultan's outer garments (); the keeper of the Sultan's linen undergarments (); and the Sultan's confidential secretary ().Template:Sfn

The Kapi Agha was also the head of the forty white eunuchs or White Aghas (s) whose responsibility was to run the palace school,Template:Sfn where princes were trained along with selected young Christian boys, gathered through the system—from the 17th century, however, Muslim boys were also admitted. These boys received a thorough education and were destined for the highest state offices, beginning their career as pages in the Inner Service, and were known as ('lads of the interior').Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The most able of these pages entered the service of the Great and Little Chambers () which were, and after four years the best were sent to one of the four chambers dedicated to the Sultan's personal service, the remainder finding their way to the elite Kapıkulu cavalry divisions.Template:Sfn

The Inner Service was notable for its employment of deaf-mutes (), at least from the time of Mehmed II, to the end of the empire. They acted as guards and attendants, and due to their particular nature were often entrusted with highly confidential assignments, including executions.Template:Sfn Their number varied but they were never numerous; they had their own uniforms, their own superiors (), and although many were literate, they also communicated in their own special sign language.Template:Sfn

Sources

• Template:Imber-The Ottoman Empire, 1300–1650
• Template:EI2
• Template:EI2
• Template:EI2