List of members of the United Nations Security Council
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Membership of the United Nations Security Council is held by the five permanent members and ten elected, non-permanent members.
Being elected requires a two-thirds majority vote from the United Nations General Assembly. Elected members hold their place on the council for a two-year term, with five seats contested in even years and five seats contested in odd years. An outgoing member cannot be immediately re-elected.
Elections usually begin in June for a term starting January 1. Because of the two-thirds majority requirement, it is possible for two evenly matched candidates to deadlock with approximately half the vote each, sometimes needing weeks of negotiations to resolve.
Non-permanent seats are distributed geographically, with a certain number of seats allocated to each of the five United Nations Regional Groups.
Current membership
| Country | Regional Group | Member since |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China | Asia-Pacific Group | 25 October 1971, replaced the Republic of China |
| File:Flag of France.svg France | Western European and Others Group | 24 October 1945 |
| File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia | Eastern European Group | 26 December 1991, replaced the Soviet Union |
| File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom | Western European and Others Group | 24 October 1945 |
| File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | Western European and Others Group | 24 October 1945 |
- Non-permanent members
| Country | Regional Group | Term began | Term ends |
|---|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain | Asia-Pacific Group (Arab) | 2026 | 2027 |
| File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia | Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC) | 2026 | 2027 |
| File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo | African Group | 2026 | 2027 |
| File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | Western European and Others Group (WEOG) | 2025 | 2026 |
| File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece | Western European and Others Group (WEOG) | 2025 | 2026 |
| File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia | Eastern European Group (EEG) | 2026 | 2027 |
| File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia | African Group | 2026 | 2027 |
| File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan | Asia-Pacific Group | 2025 | 2026 |
| File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama | Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC) | 2025 | 2026 |
| File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia | African Group | 2025 | 2026 |
Regional Groups
The ten non-permanent seats have the following distribution:
- African Group: 3 members
- Asia-Pacific Group: 2 members
- Eastern European Group: 1 member
- Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC): 2 members
- Western European and Others Group (WEOG): 2 members
In addition, one of the five African/Asian seats is an Arab country, alternating between the two groups. This rule was added in 1967 for it to be applied beginning with 1968.
- Electoral timetable
| Term beginning in years that are: | Odd | Even |
|---|---|---|
| African Group | one member | two members * |
| Asia-Pacific Group | one member | one member * |
| Eastern European Group | none | one member |
| Latin American and Caribbean Group (GRULAC) | one member | one member |
| Western European and Others Group | two members | none |
* The representative of Arab nations alternates between these two spaces.
The odd/even distribution was effectively decided by the January 1946 and 1965 elections (the first ever election, and the first election after the expansion of seats). For each of the six and four members in the newly created seats, the UN General Assembly voted to grant either a 1-year or 2-year term.
Previous Security Council composition
From 1946 to 1965, the Security Council had six non-permanent members. Due to a lack of African and Asian member states, the seats had the following distribution:
- Latin America: 2 members
- Commonwealth of Nations: 1 member
- Eastern Europe: 1 member
- Middle East: 1 member
- Western Europe: 1 member
As decolonization increased the number of Asian and African member states without a group, they began to contest other seats: Ivory Coast substituted a member of the Commonwealth in 1964–1965, the Eastern European seat regularly included Asian countries from 1956, Liberia took the place of a Western European country in 1961, and Mali successfully contested the Middle Eastern seat in December 1964 (the Security Council would be expanded before Mali's term began).
An amendment to the UN Charter ratified in 1965 increased the number of non-permanent seats to 10, and the Regional Groups were formalized. The amendment effectively created three African seats and one Asian seat (if treating the Commonwealth seat as a WEOG seat and the Middle Eastern seat as an Asian seatTemplate:Efn).
Membership by year
Permanent
Non-permanent (1946–1965)
Non-permanent (1966–present)
The African Union uses an internal rotation system to distribute seats based on its subregions:[1][2]
- 1 odd-year seat alternates between Eastern Africa and Southern Africa (only Eastern Africa prior to the creation of the Southern Africa subregion in 1979)
- 1 even-year seat is allocated to Western Africa
- 1 even-year seat alternates between Northern Africa (the Arab nation seat) and Central Africa (with one exception at the beginning in 1966)
Aside from the Asia-Pacific Group also allocating an Arab nation seat every four years (in even years not divisible by 4), other regional groups do not have their own subregional rotation systems.[3][4] The Arab nation seat is starred below.
The Western European and Others Group in part contains three caucusing subgroups (Benelux, the Nordic countries, and CANZTemplate:Efn), whose candidates informally coordinate with each other.[5][4] While this has not resulted in a stable rotation system, it effectively guarantees that both seats will never be occupied by a single subgroup at the same time.[6]
List by number of years as Security Council member
This list contains the 139 United Nations member states so far elected to the United Nations Security Council, including the five permanent members, all listed by number of years each country has so far spent on the UNSC. Of all the members, 6 have so far ceased to exist, leaving the list with 133 modern nations. These, combined with the 60 modern nations that have never been elected to the UNSC to date (see Non-members, below), make up the 193 current members of the UN.
Years on the Security Council, since 2026[update]Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., including current year where relevant :
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| YearsTemplate:Efn | Country | First Year | Most Recent Year | Regional Group | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 81 | File:Flag of France.svg France | 1945 | 2026 | WEOG | Permanent member |
| 81 | File:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom | 1945 | 2026 | WEOG | Permanent member |
| 81 | File:Flag of the United States.svg United States | 1945 | 2026 | WEOG | Permanent member |
| 55 | File:Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg China | 1971 | 2026 | Asia-Pacific | Permanent member |
| 46 | Template:Country data Union of Soviet Socialist Republics | 1945 | 1991 | E. European | Former permanent member, replaced by the Russian Federation |
| 35 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia | 1991 | 2026 | E. European | Permanent member |
| 26 | File:Flag of the Republic of China.svg Republic of China | 1945 | 1971 | None | Former permanent member, replaced by the People's Republic of China |
| 24 | File:Flag of Japan.svg Japan | 1958 | 2024 | Asia-Pacific | |
| 22 | File:Flag of Brazil.svg Brazil | 1946 | 2023 | GRULAC | |
| 18 | File:Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina | 1948 | 2014 | GRULAC | |
| 16 | File:Flag of India.svg India | 1950 | 2022 | Asia-Pacific | |
| 16 | File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan | 1952 | 2026 | Asia-Pacific | |
| 15 | File:Flag of Colombia.svg Colombia | 1947 | 2026 | GRULAC | |
| 13 | File:Flag of Italy.svg Italy | 1959 | 2017 | WEOG | |
| 12 | File:Flag of Belgium (civil).svg Belgium | 1947 | 2020 | WEOG | |
| 12 | File:Flag of Canada (Pantone).svg Canada | 1948 | 2000 | WEOG | |
| 12 | File:Flag of Germany.svg Germany | 1977 | 2020 | WEOG | Includes 4 years when the Federal Republic of Germany consisted only of West Germany (but does not include East Germany's 2 years, listed separately below). |
| 12 | File:Flag of Panama.svg Panama | 1958 | 2026 | GRULAC | |
| 11 | File:Flag of Poland.svg Poland | 1946 | 2019 | E. European | |
| 10 | File:Flag of Australia (converted).svg Australia | 1946 | 2014 | WEOG | |
| 10 | File:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark | 1953 | 2026 | WEOG | |
| 10 | File:Flag of Chile.svg Chile | 1952 | 2015 | GRULAC | |
| 10 | File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands | 1946 | 2018 | WEOG | |
| 10 | File:Flag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria | 1966 | 2015 | African | |
| 10 | File:Flag of Norway.svg Norway | 1949 | 2022 | WEOG | |
| 10 | File:Flag of Peru.svg Peru | 1955 | 2019 | GRULAC | |
| 10 | File:Flag of Spain.svg Spain | 1969 | 2016 | WEOG | |
| 10 | File:Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela | 1962 | 2016 | GRULAC | |
| 9 | File:Flag of Egypt.svg Egypt | 1946 | 2017 | African (Arab) | Excludes 2 years with the seat held in the name of the United Arab Republic, of which for more than 15 months UAR served as the name of modern-day Egypt |
| 9 | File:Flag of Mexico.svg Mexico | 1946 | 2022 | GRULAC | |
| 8 | File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria | 1968 | 2025 | African (Arab) | |
| 8 | File:Flag of Ecuador.svg Ecuador | 1950 | 2024 | GRULAC | |
| 8 | File:Flag of Gabon.svg Gabon | 1978 | 2023 | African | |
| 8 | File:Flag of Ghana.svg Ghana | 1962 | 2023 | African | |
| 8 | File:Flag of Indonesia.svg Indonesia | 1973 | 2020 | Asia-Pacific | |
| 8 | File:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden | 1957 | 2018 | WEOG | |
| 8 | File:Flag of Ukraine.svg Ukraine | 1948 | 2017 | E. European | Includes 4 years of membership under the name of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic; the Ukrainian SSR held its own seat in the General Assembly while being part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during its 46 years of Security Council membership |
| 8 | File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia | 1959 | 2021 | African (Arab) | |
| 7 | File:Flag of Ireland.svg Ireland | 1962 | 2022 | WEOG | |
| 7 | File:Flag of Malaysia.svg Malaysia | 1965 | 2016 | Asia-Pacific | |
| 7 | File:Flag of New Zealand.svg New Zealand | 1954 | 2016 | WEOG | |
| 7 | File:Flag of Romania.svg Romania | 1962 | 2005 | E. European | |
| 7 | File:Flag of Turkey.svg Turkey | 1951 | 2010 | WEOG | |
| 7 | Template:Country data Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 1950 | 1989 | E. European | Predecessor of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia |
| 6 | File:Flag of Austria.svg Austria | 1973 | 2010 | WEOG | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Bolivia.svg Bolivia | 1964 | 2018 | GRULAC | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Bulgaria.svg Bulgaria | 1966 | 2003 | E. European | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Costa Rica.svg Costa Rica | 1974 | 2009 | GRULAC | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Côte d'Ivoire.svg Ivory Coast | 1964 | 2019 | African | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Cuba.svg Cuba | 1949 | 1991 | GRULAC | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Ethiopia.svg Ethiopia | 1967 | 2018 | African | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Greece.svg Greece | 1952 | 2026 | WEOG | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Guyana.svg Guyana | 1975 | 2025 | GRULAC | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan | 1965 | 2015 | Asia-Pacific (Arab) | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Kenya.svg Kenya | 1973 | 2022 | African | |
| 6 | File:Flag of South Korea.svg South Korea | 1996 | 2025 | Asia-Pacific | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Morocco.svg Morocco | 1963 | 2013 | African (Arab) | |
| 6 | File:Flag of the Philippines.svg Philippines | 1957 | 2005 | Asia-Pacific | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal | 1979 | 2012 | WEOG | |
| 6 | File:Flag of Senegal.svg Senegal | 1968 | 2017 | African | |
| 6 | File:Flag of South Africa.svg South Africa | 2007 | 2020 | African | |
| 6 | File:Flag of the Syrian revolution.svg Syria | 1947 | 2003 | Asia-Pacific (Arab) | Excludes one year (1961) during which the United Arab Republic was a member, for the greater part of which Syria was a member of that union |
| 6 | File:Flag of Zambia.svg Zambia | 1969 | 1988 | African | |
| 5 | File:Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg Democratic Republic of the Congo | 1982 | 2026 | African | Previously known as Zaire during its 4 years of Security Council membership |
| 5 | File:Flag of Uganda.svg Uganda | 1966 | 2010 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Angola.svg Angola | 2003 | 2016 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Bangladesh.svg Bangladesh | 1979 | 2001 | Asia-Pacific | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Benin.svg Benin | 1976 | 2005 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Burkina Faso.svg Burkina Faso | 1984 | 2009 | African | For the first 7 months of membership of the Security Council in 1984 was known as Upper Volta. |
| 4 | File:Flag of Cameroon.svg Cameroon | 1974 | 2003 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg Congo | 1986 | 2007 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Finland.svg Finland | 1969 | 1990 | WEOG | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Guinea.svg Guinea | 1972 | 2003 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary | 1968 | 1993 | E. European | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq | 1957 | 1975 | Asia-Pacific (Arab) | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Jamaica.svg Jamaica | 1979 | 2001 | GRULAC | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait | 1978 | 2019 | Asia-Pacific (Arab) | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Lebanon.svg Lebanon | 1953 | 2011 | Asia-Pacific (Arab) | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya | 1976 | 2009 | African (Arab) | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Mali.svg Mali | 1966 | 2001 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Malta.svg Malta | 1983 | 2024 | WEOG | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Mauritius.svg Mauritius | 1977 | 2002 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Nepal.svg Nepal | 1969 | 1989 | Asia-Pacific | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Nicaragua.svg Nicaragua | 1970 | 1984 | GRULAC | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger | 1980 | 2021 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Rwanda.svg Rwanda | 1994 | 2014 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Sierra Leone.svg Sierra Leone | 1970 | 2025 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia | 1998 | 2025 | E. European | Was part of Yugoslavia during its 7 years of Security Council membership |
| 4 | File:Flag of Somalia.svg Somalia | 1971 | 2026 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Tanzania.svg Tanzania | 1975 | 2006 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Togo (3-2).svg Togo | 1982 | 2013 | African | |
| 4 | File:Flag of the United Arab Emirates.svg United Arab Emirates | 1986 | 2023 | Asia-Pacific (Arab) | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay | 1965 | 2017 | GRULAC | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Vietnam.svg Vietnam | 2008 | 2021 | Asia-Pacific | |
| 4 | File:Flag of Zimbabwe.svg Zimbabwe | 1983 | 1992 | African | |
| 3 | File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain | 1998 | 2026 | Asia-Pacific (Arab) | |
| 3 | File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czechoslovakia | 1964 | 1979 | E. European | Predecessor of the Czech Republic and Slovakia |
| 2 | File:Flag of Albania.svg Albania | 2022 | 2023 | E. European | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Azerbaijan.svg Azerbaijan | 2012 | 2013 | E. European | Was part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during its 46 years of Security Council membership |
| 2 | File:Flag of Bosnia and Herzegovina.svg Bosnia and Herzegovina | 2010 | 2011 | E. European | Was part of Yugoslavia during its 7 years of Security Council membership |
| 2 | File:Flag of Botswana.svg Botswana | 1995 | 1996 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Burundi.svg Burundi | 1970 | 1971 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1951–1991).svg Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic | 1974 | 1975 | E. European | Now known as Belarus; the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic held its own seat in the General Assembly while being part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during its 46 years of Security Council membership |
| 2 | File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg Cape Verde | 1992 | 1993 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Ceylon.svg Ceylon | 1960 | 1961 | Asia-Pacific | Now known as Sri Lanka |
| 2 | File:Flag of Chad.svg Chad | 2014 | 2015 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia | 2008 | 2009 | E. European | Was part of Yugoslavia during its 7 years of Security Council membership |
| 2 | File:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic | 1994 | 1995 | E. European | Was part of Czechoslovakia during its 3 years of Security Council membership |
| 2 | File:Flag of Djibouti.svg Djibouti | 1993 | 1994 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of the Dominican Republic.svg Dominican Republic | 2019 | 2020 | GRULAC | |
| 2 | File:Flag of East Germany.svg East Germany | 1980 | 1981 | E. European | Now subsumed into Germany, which has 8 years of Security Council membership since it has included the former territory of East Germany |
| 2 | File:Flag of Estonia.svg Estonia | 2020 | 2021 | E. European | Was part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during its 46 years of Security Council membership |
| 2 | File:Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg Equatorial Guinea | 2018 | 2019 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of The Gambia.svg Gambia | 1998 | 1999 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala | 2012 | 2013 | GRULAC | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg Guinea-Bissau | 1996 | 1997 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Honduras (1949-2022).svg Honduras | 1995 | 1996 | GRULAC | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Iran.svg Iran | 1955 | 1956 | Asia-Pacific | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Kazakhstan.svg Kazakhstan | 2017 | 2018 | Asia-Pacific | Was part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during its 46 years of Security Council membership |
| 2 | File:Flag of Liberia.svg Liberia | 1961 | 2026 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Lithuania.svg Lithuania | 2014 | 2015 | E. European | Was part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during its 46 years of Security Council membership |
| 2 | File:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg | 2013 | 2014 | WEOG | |
| 2 | Template:Flag deco Madagascar | 1985 | 1986 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Mauritania (1959–2017).svg Mauritania | 1974 | 1975 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Mozambique.svg Mozambique | 2023 | 2024 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Namibia.svg Namibia | 1999 | 2000 | African | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Oman.svg Oman | 1994 | 1995 | Asia-Pacific (Arab) | |
| 2 | Template:Flag deco Paraguay | 1968 | 1969 | GRULAC | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Qatar.svg Qatar | 2006 | 2007 | Asia-Pacific (Arab) | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.svg Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 2020 | 2021 | GRULAC | Smallest nation to have held a place on the Security Council[8] |
| 2 | File:Flag of Singapore.svg Singapore | 2001 | 2002 | Asia-Pacific | Was part of Malaysia for 8 months in 1965 during its membership of the Security Council |
| 2 | File:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia | 2006 | 2007 | E. European | Was part of Czechoslovakia during its 3 years of Security Council membership |
| 2 | File:Flag of Sudan.svg Sudan | 1972 | 1973 | African (Arab) | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Switzerland (Pantone).svg Switzerland | 2023 | 2024 | WEOG | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Thailand.svg Thailand | 1985 | 1986 | Asia-Pacific | |
| 2 | File:Flag of Trinidad and Tobago.svg Trinidad and Tobago | 1985 | 1986 | GRULAC | |
| 2 | File:Flag of the United Arab Republic.svg United Arab Republic | 1961 | 1962 | Middle East | Union of Syria and Egypt |
| 1 | Template:Flag deco Democratic Yemen | 1990 | 1990 | Asian (Arab) | Held the Security Council seat for the first five months of membership, then unified with Yemen (i.e., North Yemen) and passed the seat to Yemen. |
| 1 | File:Flag of Latvia.svg Latvia | 2026 | 2026 | E. European | Was part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during its 46 years of Security Council membership |
| 1 | File:Flag of Yemen.svg Yemen | 1990 | 1991 | Asia-Pacific (Arab) | Inherited the seat from Democratic Yemen; served the remaining of the term, for one year and seven months. |
Future membership
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UN members that have never been Security Council members
This is a list of the 60 member nations that have never been members of the Security Council.[25] The three former UN members that were not elected to the Security Council during their membership are Tanganyika, Zanzibar, and Serbia and Montenegro.
Former UN members that were never UNSC members
| Former UN Member state | UN membership | Security Council membership as part of another entity |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Yugoslavia (1992–2003); Flag of Serbia and Montenegro (2003–2006).svg Serbia and Montenegro | 1992 to 2006 | Was part of Yugoslavia during its 7 years of Security Council membership until 27 April 1992 |
| File:Flag of Tanganyika (1961–1964).svg TanganyikaScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | 1961 to 1964 | Was a League of Nations mandate under the administration of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland during its 1 year of Security Council membership until 11 December 1946, then a United Nations trust territory under the administration of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland until 9 December 1961, then independent until federation with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania on 26 April 1964 |
| Template:Flag deco Zanzibar | 1963 to 1964 | Was a protectorate of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland during its 18 years of Security Council membership until 10 December 1963, then independent until federation with Tanganyika to form the United Republic of Tanzania on 26 April 1964 |
See also
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- United Nations Regional Groups
- Member states of the United Nations
- List of members of the United Nations Economic and Social Council
- List of members of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights
Notes
References
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- ↑ St. Vincent and the Grenadines breaks a record, as smallest ever Security Council seat holder, UN News
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- ↑ United Nations, General Assembly, Letter dated 12 November 2013 from the Permanent Representative of Saudi Arabia to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General, A/68/599 (14 November 2013), available from undocs.org/A/68/599