Dynasties of ancient Egypt

In ancient Egyptian history, dynasties are series of rulers sharing a common origin. They are usually, but not always, traditionally divided into 33 pharaonic dynasties; these dynasties are commonly grouped by modern scholars into "kingdoms" and "intermediate periods".

The first 30 divisions come from the 3rd century BC Egyptian priest Manetho, whose history Aegyptaiaca was probably written for a Greek-speaking Ptolemaic ruler of Egypt but survives only in fragments and summaries. The names of the last two, the short-lived Persian-ruled 31st Dynasty and the longer-lasting Ptolemaic Dynasty, are later coinings.

While widely used and useful, the system does have its shortcomings. Some dynasties only ruled part of Egypt and existed concurrently with other dynasties based in other cities. Some dynasties like the Abydos Dynasty weren't counted as part of the traditional numbering of the dynasties. The 7th might not have existed at all (or may have been a continuation of the 8th), the 10th seems to be a continuation of the 9th, and there might have been one or several Upper Egyptian Dynasties before what is termed the 1st Dynasty.

List of dynasties in ancient Egyptian history

Template:Ancient Egypt graphical timelineDates for the first dynasties are highly uncertain; all dates and terms should be treated as approximates.

Dynasty	Seat	Period of rule			Rulers
		Start	End	Term	First to rule	Last to rule	List / Family tree
Early Dynastic Period
Dynasty I	Thinis	c. 3000 BC	c. 2890 BC	c. 110 yearsTemplate:Efn	Narmer	Qa'a	(list) (tree)
Dynasty II	Thinis	c. 2890 BC	c. 2686 BC	c. 204 yearsTemplate:Efn	Hotepsekhemwy	Khasekhemwy	(list)
Old Kingdom
Dynasty III	Memphis	c. 2686 BC	c. 2613 BC	c. 73 yearsTemplate:Efn	Djoser	Huni	(list)
Dynasty IV	Memphis	c. 2613 BC	c. 2498 BC	c. 115 yearsTemplate:Efn	Sneferu	ShepseskafTemplate:Efn	(list) (tree)
Dynasty V	Memphis	c. 2498 BC	c. 2345 BC	c. 153 yearsTemplate:Efn	Userkaf	Unas	(list)
Dynasty VI	Memphis	c. 2345 BC	c. 2181 BC	c. 164 yearsTemplate:Efn	Teti	Merenre Nemtyemsaf II	(list)
First Intermediate Period
Dynasty VII / VIIITemplate:Efn	MemphisTemplate:Rp	c. 2181 BC	c. 2160 BC	c. 21 yearsTemplate:Efn	Netjerkare SiptahTemplate:Efn	Neferirkare II	(list)
Dynasty IX	Heracleopolis	c. 2160 BC	c. 2130 BC	c. 30 years	Meryibre KhetyTemplate:Efn	Unknown	(list)
Dynasty X	Heracleopolis	c. 2130 BC	c. 2040 BC	c. 90 years	Meryhathor	Unknown	(list)
Middle Kingdom
Dynasty XITemplate:Efn	Thebes	c. 2120 BC	c. 1991 BC	c. 129 yearsTemplate:Efn	Intef the Elder	Mentuhotep IV	(list) (tree)
Dynasty XII	ItjtawyTemplate:Efn	c. 1991 BC	c. 1802 BC	c. 189 yearsTemplate:Efn	Amenemhat I	Sobekneferu	(list) (tree)
Second Intermediate Period
Dynasty XIIITemplate:Efn	ItjtawyTemplate:Efn	c. 1803 BC	c. 1649 BC	c. 152 years	Sobekhotep I	Unknown	(list
Dynasty XIV	AvarisTemplate:Efn	c. 1805 or 1725 BC	c. 1650 BC	c. 75 or c. 145 years	Yakbim SekhaenreTemplate:Efn	Unknown	(list)
Dynasty XV (Hyksos)	Avaris	c. 1650 BC	c. 1550 BC	c. 100 yearsTemplate:Efn	Salitis	Khamudi	(list)
Dynasty XVI	ThebesTemplate:Efn	c. 1649 BC	c. 1580 BC	c. 69 years	Anat-her	Unknown	(list)
Abydos dynastyTemplate:Efn	Abydos	c. 1650 BC	c. 1600 BC	c. 50 years	Unknown	Unknown	(list)
Dynasty XVII	Thebes	c. 1580 BC	c. 1550 BC	c. 30 years	Rahotep	Kamose	(list)
New Kingdom
Dynasty XVIII	ThebesTemplate:Efn	c. 1550 BC	c. 1292 BC	c. 258 years	Ahmose I	Horemheb	(list) (tree)
Dynasty XIX	ThebesTemplate:Efn	c. 1292 BC	c. 1188 BC	c. 104 years	Ramesses I	Twosret	(list) (tree)
Dynasty XX	Pi-Ramesses	c. 1188 BC	c. 1077 BC	c. 111 years	Setnakhte	Ramesses XI	(list) (tree)
Third Intermediate Period
Dynasty XXI	Tanis	c. 1077 BC	c. 943 BC	c. 134 years	Smendes	Psusennes II	(list) (tree)
Dynasty XXII	Tanis/Bubastis	c. 943 BC	c. 716 BC	c. 227 years	Shoshenq I	Osorkon IV	(list) (tree)
Dynasty XXIII	Thebes/HeracleopolisTemplate:Efn	c. 837 BC	c. 728 BC	c. 109 Years	Harsiese A	Rudamun	(list) (tree)
Dynasty XXIV	Sais	c. 732 BC	c. 720 BC	c. 12 years	Tefnakht	Bakenranef	(list) (tree)
Dynasty XXV (Nubian)	Memphis/Napata	c. 744 BC	c. 656 BC	c. 88 years	Piye	Tantamani	(list) (tree)
Late Period
Dynasty XXVI	Sais	c. 664 BC	c. 525 BC	c. 139 years	Psamtik I	Psamtik III	(list) (tree)
Dynasty XXVII (Persian)	Babylon	c. 525 BC	c. 404 BC	c. 121 years	Cambyses IITemplate:Efn	Darius IITemplate:Efn	(list) (tree)
Dynasty XXVIII	Sais	c. 404 BC	c. 398 BC	c. 6 years	Amyrtaeus	Amyrtaeus	(list)
Dynasty XXIX	Mendes	c. 398 BC	c. 380 BC	c. 18 years	Nepherites I	Nepherites II	(list)
Dynasty XXX	Sebennytos	c. 380 BC	c. 343 BC	c. 37 years	Nectanebo I	Nectanebo II	(list)
Dynasty XXXI (Persian)	Babylon	c. 343 BC	c. 332 BC	c. 11 years	Artaxerxes IIITemplate:Efn	Darius IIITemplate:Efn	(list) (tree)
Greco–Roman Period
Argead (Greek)	PellaTemplate:Efn	c. 332 BC	c. 305 BC	c. 27 years	Alexander III	Alexander IV	(list) (tree)
Ptolemaic (Greek)	Alexandria	c. 305 BC	c. 30 BC	c. 275 years	Ptolemy I Soter	Caesarion	(list) (tree)
Egypt was incorporated into the Roman Republic c. 30 BC. (see Roman Egypt, Roman pharaoh and List of Roman dynasties)

See also

• List of pharaohs
• Egyptian chronology