Ecdysteroid

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File:Ecdysteroids.svg
Chemical structures of ecdysteroids, ecdysone (top) and 20-hydroxyecdysone

Ecdysteroids are arthropod steroid hormones that are mainly responsible for molting (ecdysis), development and, to a lesser extent, reproduction;[1][2][3][4] examples of ecdysteroids include ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone (ecdysterone), turkesterone and 2-deoxyecdysone.[5] These compounds are synthesized in arthropods from dietary cholesterol via the Halloween family of cytochrome P450 enzymes.[6]

Compounds with ecdysteroid activity in arthropods are not only produced by these animals (zooecdysteroids). Phytoecdysteroids also appear in many plants mostly as a protection agents (toxins or antifeedants) against herbivore insects.[7][8] Fungi also produce a handful of mycoecdysteroids.[9] In addition, synthetic ecdysteroid pesticides such as methoxyfenozide have been produced.[10]

Mammals

Ecdysterone has been tested on mammals due to the interest in its potential hypertrophic effect. It has been found to increase hypertrophy in rats at a similar level to some anabolic androgenic steroids and SARMs.[11] This is proposed to be through increase of Calcium leading to activation of Akt and protein synthesis in skeletal muscles.[12] A newer study points to estrogen receptor beta.[13]

20-hydroxyecdysone is a human drug candidate.[14]

See also

References

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External links

  • Ecdybase, The Ecdysone Handbook - a free online ecdysteroids database
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