Eurovision Song Contest 1991

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Template:Short description Template:Good article Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox song contest

The Eurovision Song Contest 1991 was the 36th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 4 May 1991 at Stage 15 of the Script error: No such module "Lang". Studios in Rome, Italy, and presented by Gigliola Cinquetti and Toto Cutugno. It was organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Script error: No such module "Lang". (RAI), who staged the event after winning the Template:Escyr for Template:Esccnty with the song "Insieme: 1992" by Cutugno. Cinquetti had also won the contest for Template:Esccnty.

Broadcasters from twenty-two countries participated in the contest, with Template:Esccnty making its first appearance in sixteen years, having last participated in Template:Escyr, while the Template:Esccnty decided not to participate because the date of the event coincided with the country's Remembrance of the Dead commemorations. It was also the first time that Template:Esccnty was represented as a single state following the reunification of East and West Germany.

For the first time since Template:Escyr, the contest resulted in a draw for first place, with both Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty being awarded the same number of points. The contest's tie-break procedure was implemented for the first time in its history, which resulted in Sweden being declared the winner because its entry, "Script error: No such module "Lang".", written by Stephan Berg and performed by Carola, had received a greater number of top scores from the other competing countries than the French entry; it was Sweden's third win in the contest overall. Alongside France, Template:Esccnty, Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty rounded out the top five.

Location

File:Ingressostorico cinecitta.jpg
Entrance to the Script error: No such module "Lang". Studios, Rome – host venue of the 1991 contest

Template:Location map+ The 1991 contest took place in Rome, Italy, following the country's victory at the Template:Escyr with the song "Insieme: 1992", performed by Toto Cutugno. It was the second time that Italy had hosted the contest, following the Template:Escyr held in Naples.[1] Prior to the conclusion of the 1990 contest, the EBU had considered the idea of only having the winner of the previous contest host an edition every second year, with the host broadcaster of odd numbered years being chosen through a bidding process.[2] It is known that Belgrade and Amsterdam had shown interest in hosting the 1991 contest, but ultimately Italy was chosen to host after winning the contest.[2] The chosen venue was Stage 15 of the Script error: No such module "Lang". Studios, the largest film studios in Europe which had previously been the filming location for a number of blockbuster American and Italian movies, particularly during the 1950s and 1960s.[3][4]

The Italian organisers had originally intended that the contest be held in the Script error: No such module "Lang". in Sanremo, where the annual Sanremo Music Festival is held. The Sanremo festival had been a major influence and inspiration for the formation of the Eurovision Song Contest, and RAI had wanted to pay tribute to the contest's origins by hosting the event in the town.[5]Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The choice of Sanremo and Ariston as host of the event was initially rejected by the EBU, citing concerns regarding the size of the venue as well as organisational and security shortcomings.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn[6] In an effort to address some of the concerns, the Script error: No such module "Lang". of Sanremo proposed hosting the event in three locations across the Ariston area, with the Teatro Ariston, Script error: No such module "Lang". and the old flower market on Script error: No such module "Lang". being combined using temporary structures to form a single venue.[6][7][8] Although plans to hold the contest in Sanremo continued to be developed as late as January 1991, by February doubts over the feasibility of holding the event in Sanremo became insurmountable, due to instability in the Middle East and the outbreak of the Gulf War, and ultimately the organisers opted to relocate the contest to a more secure location, eventually confirming on 18 February that the event would be held in Rome.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn[9] Despite the relocation Sanremo remained a partner of the 1991 contest and pre-recorded footage of the city was featured during the live broadcast.[10]

Participants

Script error: No such module "labelled list hatnote". Template:Interlanguage link info Template:ESC 1991 participants

File:Hanne Krogh.JPG
Hanne Krogh (pictured in 2010), winner of the Template:Escyr with the group Bobbysocks! for Template:Esccnty, participated again in 1991 as a member of Template:Ill.

A total of twenty-two countries participated in the 1991 contest. Of the countries that participated in 1990, the Template:Esccnty were the only country that failed to make a return, as the date of the contest clashed with the country's Remembrance of the Dead commemorations. Template:EsccntyTemplate:Sndwhich had last participated in the contest sixteen years before, in Template:EscyrTemplate:Sndultimately filled the vacant slot.[11] The nation had for a number of years attempted to make a return to the contest, however was prevented from doing so due to the cap on participation numbers set by the EBU.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn This marked the first time that Template:Esccnty competed as a unified country, following the reunification of East and West Germany into a single state; until this point all German entrants in previous contests had represented the former West Germany.[12]

Several artists that had previously competed in the contest returned to participate in this year's event: Template:Ill, who competed alongside Template:Ill for Template:Esccnty, was a member of Beathoven that had participated for the nation in Template:Escyr; Thomas Forstner made a second appearance for Template:Esccnty following the Template:Escyr; Carola also returned to the contest for the second time for Template:Esccnty after her participation in Template:Escyr; and the members of Template:Esccnty's Template:Ill featured two previous participating artists, namely Eiríkur Hauksson, who had competed in the Template:Escyr for Iceland as part of the group ICY, and Hanne Krogh, who had represented Norway twice before, in Template:Escyr as a solo artist and in Template:Escyr as a member of the group Bobbysocks!, the latter appearance ultimately winning the contest outright.Template:Sfn Additionally, Kit Rolfe performed as backing vocalist for the Template:Esccnty's Samantha Janus, having previously been lead vocalist of the group Belle and the Devotions that had represented the UK at the Template:Escyr.Template:Sfn[11]

Template:Sticky header

Eurovision Song Contest 1991 participantsTemplate:Sfn[13]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor
Template:Esc ORF Thomas Forstner "Script error: No such module "Lang"." German Template:Hlist Richard Oesterreicher
Template:Esc BRTN Clouseau "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Dutch Template:Hlist Template:Ill
Template:Esc CyBC Template:Ill "S.O.S." Greek Template:Hlist Alexander Kirov Zografov
Template:Esc DR Anders Frandsen "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Danish Michael Elo Template:Ill
Template:Esc YLE Kaija "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Finnish Template:Hlist Olli Ahvenlahti
Template:Esc Script error: No such module "Lang". Amina "Script error: No such module "Lang"." French Template:Hlist Jérôme Pillement
Template:Esc SFBTemplate:Efn Template:Ill "Script error: No such module "Lang"." German Template:Hlist Template:Ill
Template:Esc ERT Sophia Vossou "Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Script error: No such module "Lang".) Greek Andreas Mikroutsikos Haris Andreadis
Template:Esc RÚV Template:Ill and Template:Ill "Nína" Icelandic Template:Ill Jón Ólafsson
Template:Esc RTÉ Template:Ill "Could It Be That I'm in Love" English Liam Reilly Noel Kelehan
Template:Esc IBA Duo Datz "Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Script error: No such module "Lang".) Hebrew Uzi Hitman Kobi Oshrat
Template:Esc RAI Peppino di Capri "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Neapolitan Template:Hlist Bruno Canfora
Template:Esc CLT Template:Ill "Script error: No such module "Lang"." French Template:Hlist Francis Goya
Template:Esc PBS Template:Ill and Georgina "Could It Be" English Template:Hlist Paul Abela
Template:Esc NRK Template:Ill "Mrs. Thompson" Norwegian Template:Hlist Template:Ill
Template:Esc RTP Dulce "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Portuguese Template:Hlist Fernando Correia Martins
Template:Esc TVE Sergio Dalma "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Spanish Template:Hlist Template:Ill
Template:Esc SVT Carola "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Swedish Stephan Berg Anders Berglund
Template:Esc SRG SSR Sandra Simó "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Italian Renato Mascetti Flaviano Cuffari
Template:Esc TRT Template:Ill, İzel Çeliköz and Reyhan Karaca "Script error: No such module "Lang"." Turkish Template:Hlist Turhan Yükseler
Template:Esc BBC Samantha Janus "A Message to Your Heart" English Paul Curtis Ronnie Hazlehurst
Template:Esc JRT Baby Doll "Brazil" (Script error: No such module "Lang".) Serbo-Croatian Template:Hlist Slobodan Marković

Production

The Eurovision Song Contest 1991 was produced by the Italian public broadcaster Script error: No such module "Lang". (RAI). Silvia Salvetti served as executive producer, Template:Ill served as director, Luciano Ricceri served as designer, and Bruno Canfora served as musical director leading an assembled orchestra of 57 musicians.[11]Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn A separate musical director could be nominated by each participating delegation to lead the orchestra during its country's performance, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.Template:Sfn On behalf of the contest organisers, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), the event was overseen by Frank Naef as scrutineer.[14][15]Template:Sfn

The running order draw, to determine in which position each country would perform, was held on 18 February 1991, the same date that Rome was confirmed as the host city of the contest and the announcement of the twenty-two competing countries.Template:Sfn[16]

Rehearsals for the participating artists began on 29 April 1991. Two technical rehearsals were conducted for each participating delegation in the week approaching the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. The first rehearsals of 40 minutes' duration were held on 29 and 30 April, with the second rehearsals, each lasting 35 minutes, held on 1 and 2 May. Three dress rehearsals were held with all artists, two held in the afternoon and evening of 3 May and one final rehearsal in the afternoon of 4 May. An audience was present for the second dress rehearsal on the evening of 3 May.Template:Sfn[17] About 300 journalists covered the event.[18]

The production value of the 1991 contest came in for much criticism during the build-up and following the event, which may be partly explained by the relatively late change in contest venue from Sanremo to Rome. Rehearsals in the contest venue regularly started late as the orchestra failed on many occasions to arrive at the venue on time, and during the live broadcast, a number of technical mishaps occurred, including lighting failure during several of the entries and the failure of the venue's sound system during the Swedish entry. The voting sequence was also notably haphazard and several mistakes required rectification during the show, with Naef regularly called upon by the presenters for clarification.Template:Sfn[8][11]

Format

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented.[19][20] A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance, and all participants were required to have reached the age of 16 in the year of the contest.[19][21] Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks, however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.[21][22]

The results of the 1991 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in Template:Escyr: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.[23] The points awarded by each country were determined by an assembled jury of sixteen individuals, which was required to be split evenly between men and women and by age. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn In a change to the rules compared to previous editions, half of the jury members in each country were now represented by music experts, comprising among other professions singers, composers, lyricists, musicians, conductors, music journalists, record company employees and radio or television producers. Only two members in each country were allowed to come from record companies, and no employees of the participating broadcasters themselves were allowed to sit on the juries.Template:Sfn

Postcards

Each entry was preceded by a video postcard which served as an introduction to each country, as well as providing an opportunity for transition between entries and allow stage crew to make changes on stage.[24][25] The postcards for the 1991 contest featured pre-recorded clips of the competing artists performing short sections from Italian songs, superimposed onto images of Italian landmarks and locations which were intended to represent the artists' personalities.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn[11] The song each artist performed during their postcard is listed below by order of performance, alongside the originator of the song in brackets:[26]

Template:Div col

  1. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Gigliola Cinquetti)
  2. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Eros Ramazzotti)
  3. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Claudio Baglioni)
  4. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Caruso" (Lucio Dalla)
  5. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Edoardo Bennato and Gianna Nannini)
  6. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Eros Ramazzotti)
  7. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Ricchi e Poveri)
  8. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Fiordaliso)
  9. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"La partita di pallone" (Rita Pavone)
  10. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (John Foster)
  11. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Domenico Modugno)
  12. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Domenico Modugno / Gigliola Cinquetti)
  13. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (from Giacomo Puccini's opera Turandot)
  14. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (traditional)
  15. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Sergio Endrigo / Mary Hopkin)
  16. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Renato Carosone)
  17. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Toto Cutugno)
  18. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Eros Ramazzotti)
  19. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Rocky Roberts)
  20. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Antonello Venditti)
  21. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Script error: No such module "Lang"." (Sergio Endrigo)
  22. Template:FlaguTemplate:Snd"Champagne" (Peppino di Capri)

Template:Div col end

Contest overview

File:Carola.jpg
Template:Esccnty's Carola (pictured in 2009) won the contest following a draw for first place and a tie-break procedure being implemented.

The contest took place on 4 May 1991 at 21:00 (CEST) with a duration of 3 hours and 13 minutes. The show was presented by the Italian singers Gigliola Cinquetti and Toto Cutugno, the two artists which up until this point had won the contest for Template:Esccnty and Template:Esccnty respectively.Template:Sfn[11] Unlike the majority of previous contest presenters, who had conducted the events in English and French, for the majority of the 1991 contest the two presenters spoke solely in Italian, with only the voting sequence being conducted in Italian, English, and French.Template:Sfn[11]

The opening of the contest featured a pre-recorded music video of the American singer Sara Carlson performing "Celebration", which was followed by live performances from the contest hosts of their Eurovision winning songs, Cutugno's "Insieme: 1992" and Cinquetti's "Script error: No such module "Lang".".Template:Sfn[26] The interval act comprised a performance by the Italian quick-change artist and illusionist Arturo Brachetti.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn[27] The trophy awarded to the winners was presented at the end of the broadcast by Albert Scharf as the President of the European Broadcasting Union.Template:Sfn[28]

The winner was Template:Esccnty represented by the song "Script error: No such module "Lang".", written by Stephan Berg and performed by Carola.[29] It was Sweden's third contest victory, following wins in Template:Escyr and Template:Escyr.[30] For the first time since Template:Escyr, and for only the second time ever in the contest's history, the voting sequence resulted in a draw for first place, with both Template:Esccnty and Sweden finishing with 146 points each. The tie-break rules introduced for the Template:Escyr were thus enacted: for any ties for first place the country which received the most 12 points would be declared the winner; if a tie still remained after examining the 12 points, each country's 10 points would then be compared to determine a winner. Both France and Sweden had scored four 12 point scores, however as Sweden had scored five 10 points compared to France's two they were declared the winners.Template:Sfn[11]Template:Sfn During the traditional winner's reprise performance, Carola performed part of the winning song in English, with lyrics written by Richard Hampton.Template:Sfn

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1991Template:Sfn[31]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1 Template:Esc Baby Doll "Brazil" 1 21
2 Template:Esc Stefán and Eyfi "Nína" 26 15
3 Template:Esc Template:Sortname and Georgina "Could It Be" 106 6
4 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 36 13
5 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 118 5
6 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 0 22
7 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 29 14
8 Template:Esc Carola "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 146 1
9 Template:Esc Amina "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 146 2
10 Template:Esc Template:Sortname, İzel Çeliköz and Reyhan Karaca "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 44 12
11 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Could It Be That I'm in Love" 47 10
12 Template:Esc Dulce "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 62 8
13 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 8 19
14 Template:Esc Just 4 Fun "Mrs. Thompson" 14 17
15 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 139 3
16 Template:Esc Kaija "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 6 20
17 Template:Esc Atlantis 2000 "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 10 18
18 Template:Esc Clouseau "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 23 16
19 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 119 4
20 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "A Message to Your Heart" 47 10
21 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "S.O.S." 60 9
22 Template:Esc Template:Sortname "Script error: No such module "Lang"." 89 7

Spokespersons

Each participating broadcaster appointed a spokesperson, connected to the contest venue via telephone lines and responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for its respective country.[19][32] Known spokespersons at the 1991 contest are listed below.

Detailed voting results

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.Template:Sfn The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.Template:Sfn[26] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1991[37][38]
scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header scope="col" Template:Vert header
rowspan="22" Template:Vert header Yugoslavia 1 1
Iceland 26 4 10 5 7
Malta 106 1 2 6 4 10 12 2 7 12 7 6 10 4 6 7 10
Greece 36 4 5 2 1 1 4 1 1 5 10 2
Switzerland 118 5 5 7 8 12 8 4 2 2 6 5 3 8 5 6 12 8 8 4
Austria 0
Luxembourg 29 4 5 1 3 2 4 3 2 3 2
Sweden 146 6 12 10 10 7 6 3 10 12 8 10 8 12 10 4 12 6
France 146 10 7 3 8 7 12 5 7 5 12 12 10 8 7 8 6 7 12
Turkey 44 7 7 8 7 2 5 8
Ireland 47 3 4 3 1 8 4 7 1 2 2 5 4 3
Portugal 62 8 4 1 2 7 10 5 1 2 7 10 4 1
Denmark 8 3 5
Norway 14 6 1 1 2 4
Israel 139 12 10 8 5 8 5 6 3 12 8 4 10 7 6 8 12 10 5
Finland 6 1 1 4
Germany 10 6 1 3
Belgium 23 3 2 5 3 3 2 5
Spain 119 8 2 6 10 12 7 6 4 6 8 6 8 4 2 4 7 6 1 12
United Kingdom 47 10 3 5 6 3 1 1 3 5 3 1 6
Cyprus 60 2 3 12 12 4 12 5 3 6 1
Italy 89 7 2 6 2 8 10 10 12 10 3 12 7

12 points

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. France and Sweden each received the maximum score of 12 points from four of the voting countries, with Cyprus and Israel receiving three sets of 12 points each, and Italy, Malta, Spain and Switzerland each receiving two sets of maximum scores.[37][38]

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1991[37][38]
N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
4 Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
3 Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc, Template:Esc
2 Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc
Template:Esc Template:Esc, Template:Esc

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants".[21] Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers. These commentators were typically sent to the venue to report on the event, and were able to provide commentary from small booths constructed at the back of the venue.[39][40][41]

In addition to the participating countries, the contest was also reportedly broadcast in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Soviet Union via Intervision, and in Australia, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, South Africa and South Korea, with an estimated global audience of up to 800 million viewers.Template:Sfn[42][43]

Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Template:Sticky header

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Template:Refh
Template:Flagu ORF FS1 Template:N/A [44]
Template:Flagu BRTN TV1, TV2 André Vermeulen [45]
Radio 2 Template:N/A [46]
RTBF RTBF1 Claude Delacroix [45]
Template:Flagu CyBC RIK, Script error: No such module "Lang". Evi Papamichail [47][48][49]
Template:Flagu DR DR TV Template:Ill [50]
DR P3 Jesper Bæhrenz and Template:Ill
Template:Flagu YLE TV1 Erkki Pohjanheimo [51]
Script error: No such module "Lang". Kai Ristola
Script error: No such module "Lang". Johan Finne, Template:Ill and Template:Ill
Template:Flagu Script error: No such module "Lang". Léon Zitrone [52][53]
Template:Flagu ARD Script error: No such module "Lang". Max Schautzer [54]
SSVC SSVC Television Template:N/A [55]
Template:Flagu ERT ET1 Template:N/A [56]
Template:Flagu RÚV Script error: No such module "Lang"., Script error: No such module "Lang". Arthúr Björgvin Bollason [57][58]
Template:Flagu RTÉ RTÉ 1 Pat Kenny [41][59]
RTÉ Radio 1 Larry Gogan [41][60]
Template:Flagu IBA Israeli Television, Template:Ill Template:N/A [61]
Template:Flagu RAI Script error: No such module "Lang". Template:N/A [62]
Template:Flagu CLT RTL TV, RTL Lorraine Template:N/A [63][64]
Template:Flagu PBS TVM Template:N/A [65]
Template:Flagu NRK Script error: No such module "Lang"., NRK P2 John Andreassen and Jahn Teigen [66][67]
Template:Flagu RTP RTP Canal 1 Template:N/A [68]
Template:Flagu TVE TVE 2 Template:Ill [69][70]
Template:Flagu SVT TV2 Harald Treutiger [71]
Template:Ill SR P3 Template:Ill and Kalle Oldby [72]
Template:Flagu SRG SSR TV DRS Template:Ill [54]
Script error: No such module "Lang".Template:Efn Lolita Morena [73]
Script error: No such module "Lang".Template:Efn Template:N/A [74]
Template:Flagu TRT TV1 Template:N/A [75]
Template:Flagu BBC BBC1Template:Efn Terry Wogan [76]
BBC Radio 2 Ken Bruce [77]
Template:Flagu JRT Script error: No such module "Lang"., TVCG 1, TV Novi Sad, TV Prishtina Template:Ill Template:Sfn[78][79]
HTV 1,Template:Efn TV Sarajevo 1, Script error: No such module "Lang"., TV Skopje 1 Ksenija Urličić Template:Sfn[78][80]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Template:Refh
Template:Flagu SBS SBS TVTemplate:Efn Template:N/A [81]
Template:Flagu ČST ČTV,Template:Efn Template:IllTemplate:Efn Template:N/A [82]
Template:Flagu SvF Template:N/A [83]
Template:Flagu KNR KNRTemplate:Efn Template:N/A [84]
Template:Flagu MTV MTV1 István Vágó [85]
Template:Flagu TP TP1 Template:N/A [86]
Template:Flagu TVR TVR 1 Template:N/A [87]
Template:Flagu KBS KBS2Template:Efn Template:N/A [88]
Template:Flagu CT USSR Programme OneTemplate:Efn Template:N/A [89]
ETV Template:N/A [90]

Notes and references

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

Template:Reflist

Bibliography

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External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Eurovision Song Contest 1991 Template:Eurovision Song Contest

  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
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  6. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  63. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  64. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". Template:Subscription or libraries
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  72. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  77. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  78. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Template:Unbulleted list citebundle
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
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