Duke of Orléans
Template:Short description Template:More citations needed Template:Infobox nobility title Duke of Orléans (Template:Langx) was a French royal title usually granted by the King of France to one of his close relatives (usually a younger brother or son), or otherwise inherited through the male line. First created in 1344 by King Philip VI for his younger son Philip,[1] the title was recreated by King Charles VI for his younger brother Louis, who passed the title on to his son and then to his grandson, the latter becoming King Louis XII. The title was created and recreated six times in total, until 1661, when Louis XIV bestowed it upon his younger brother Philippe, who passed it on to his male descendants, who became known as the "Orléans branch" of the Bourbons.
Based at the Palais-Royal, the Duke of Orléans Louis-Philippe II contested the authority of his cousin Louis XVI in the adjacent Louvre. His son would eventually ascend to the throne in 1830 as Louis-Philippe I, King of the French. The descendants of the family are the Orléanist pretenders to the French throne.
Île d'Orléans, in Canada, is named after Duke of Orléans Henri II, and the city of New Orleans in the United States is named after Duke of Orléans Philippe II.
The holder of the title held the style of Serene Highness.
House of Valois
The first Dukedom of Orléans was created for Philip of Valois, seventh son of Philip VI of France and younger brother of John the Good, in 1344.[2] This appanage merged the appanages of Touraine and Valois. However, the first ducal line ended with Philip, who died without legitimate children.
| Duke | Birth | Tenure | Death | Marriage(s) Issue |
Claim | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Arms of Philippe le Long.svg Philip Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Philip, Duke of Orléans.png | 1 July 1336 Château de Vincennes Son of Philip VI of France and Joan of Burgundy |
1344 Template:Ndash 1 September 1375 |
1 September 1375 Orléans Died by natural causes (aged 39) |
Blanche of France (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1345; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1375) ChildlessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Created duke by Philip VI |
House of Valois-Orléans
The second dukedom of Orléans was created in 1392 by Charles VI of France for his younger brother Louis. His role as leading figure in court, regent for his brother during his madness and wealthy landlord, as well as head of the Armagnac party, permitted his descendant to maintain a prominent role in French politics. His grandson Louis XII became king after the extinction of the direct Valois in 1498,[3] while his great-grandson Francis I succeeded the last in 1515.[4] The direct line of Valois-Orléans became extinct with the death of Louis XII in 1515, although the dukedom of Orléans was integrated among the crown's properties after his ascent to the throne in 1495.
| Duke | Birth | Tenure | Death | Marriage(s) Issue |
Claim | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Arms of Louis dOrléans.svg Louis I Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Louis-Orleans-Gaignieres.jpg | 13 March 1372 Hôtel Saint-Pol, Paris Son of Charles V of France and Joanna of Bourbon |
4 June 1392 Template:Ndash 23 November 1407 |
23 November 1407 Le Marais, Paris Murdered by Duke of Burgundy's hitmen (aged 35) |
Valentina Visconti (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1389; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1407) 8 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Created duke by Charles VI |
| File:Arms of Charles dOrleans (Milan).svg Charles I Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Charles I de Valois (Duke of Orléans).jpg | 24 November 1394 Hôtel Saint-Pol, Paris Son of Louis I and Valentina Visconti |
23 November 1407 Template:Ndash 5 January 1465 |
5 January 1465 Château d'Amboise Died of natural causes (aged 70) |
Template:Grey Isabella of France (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1406; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1409) 1 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Grey Bonne of Armagnac (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1410; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1430/35) ChildlessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Grey Maria of Cleves (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1440; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1465) 3 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Son of Louis I (male-blood proximity) |
| File:Arms of Charles dOrleans (Milan).svg Louis II Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:French - Portrait of King Louis XII of France at Prayer - Walters 4634.jpg | 27 June 1462 Château de Blois Son of Charles and Maria of Cleves |
5 January 1465 Template:Ndash 7 April 1498 (Merged into the Crown titles) |
1 January 1515 Hôtel des Tournelles, Paris Died of gout (aged 52) |
Template:Grey Joan of France (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1476; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />ann.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1498) ChildlessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Grey Anne of Brittany (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1498; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1514) 2 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Grey Mary of England (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1514; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1515) ChildlessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Son of Charles (male-blood proximity) |
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House of Valois-Angoulême
The third dukedom of Orléans was created by Francis I for his second son Henry at his birth. When Henry's elder brother and Dauphin, Francis, Duke of Brittany, died childless in 1536, Henry substituted him as Dauphin and ceded the title to his younger brother Charles, Duke of Angoulême, who died childless in 1545.
| Duke | Birth | Tenure | Death | Marriage(s) Issue |
Claim | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Arms of Charles dOrleans (Milan).svg Henry I Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Corneille de Lyon 001.jpg | 31 March 1519 Saint-Germain-en-Laye Son of Francis I of France and Claude of France |
31 March 1519 Template:Ndash 10 August 1536 (Renounced the title to become Dauphin) |
10 July 1559 Place des Vosges, Paris Accidentally killed in a joust (aged 40) |
Catherine de' Medici (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1533; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1559) 10 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Created duke by Francis I |
| File:Arms of Charles dOrleans (Milan).svg Charles II Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Charles II, duc d'Orléans (1522-1545).jpg | 22 January 1522 Saint-Germain-en-Laye Son of Francis I of France and Claude of France |
10 August 1536 Template:Ndash 9 September 1545 |
9 September 1545 Forest-Montiers Died by influenza (aged 23) |
Unmarried | Brother of Henry I (Elevated by Francis I) |
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The fourth dukedom was created by Henry II for his son Louis at his birth. The child duke, however, died one year later, and the title passed to his recently born brother Charles, who became King of France in 1560.[5] The title passed to Charles' brother, Henry, Duke of Angoulême, who six years later exchanged the appanages of Orléans for the Dukedom of Anjou, becoming the heir in pectore of the Crown.[6]
| Duke | Birth | Tenure | Death | Marriage(s) Issue |
Claim | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Arms of Charles dOrleans (Milan).svg Louis III Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:D2ed0a7b2a.jpg | 3 February 1549 Château of Fontainebleau Son of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici |
3 February 1549 Template:Ndash 24 October 1550 |
24 October 1550 Mantes Died by exposure (aged 1) |
Unmarried | Created duke by Henry II |
| File:Arms of Charles dOrleans (Milan).svg Charles III Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:François Clouet 005.jpg | 27 June 1550 Saint-Germain-en-Laye Son of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici |
24 October 1550 Template:Ndash 5 December 1560 (Renounced the title to become King of France) |
30 May 1574 Château de Vincennes Died by tuberculosis (aged 23) |
Elisabeth of Austria (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1570; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1574) 1 childScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Brother of Louis III (Elevated by Henry II) |
| File:Arms of Charles dOrleans (Milan).svg Henry II Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Henry, Duke of Anjou.jpg | 19 September 1551 Château of Fontainebleau Son of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici |
5 December 1560 Template:Ndash 8 February 1566 (Exchanged the title for the appanage of Anjou) |
2 August 1589 Château de Saint-Cloud Assassinated by Jacques Clément (aged 37) |
Louise of Lorraine (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1570; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1574) Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Created duke by Charles IX |
House of Medici
After Henry's exchange of appanages, Charles IX gave the Orléanais to his mother Catherine, former Queen of France, as reward for her role as regent, mainly about toleration politics. She was the only suo jure Duchess of Orléans, so is included among the ruling dukes.[7]
| Duke | Birth | Tenure | Death | Marriage(s) Issue |
Claim | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Arms of Catherina de' Medici.svg Catherine (suo jure) Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Catherine de Medicis.jpg | 13 April 1519 Palazzo Pitti, Florence Daughter of Lorenzo, Duke of Urbino and Madeleine de La Tour d'Auvergne |
8 February 1566 Template:Ndash 5 January 1589 |
5 January 1589 Château de Blois Died by pleurisy (aged 69) |
Henry II of France (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1533; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1559) 10 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Created duchess by Charles IX |
First House of Bourbon-Orléans
The fifth dukedom was created in 1626 by Louis XIII for his younger brother Gaston, Duke of Anjou.[8] Gaston became a libertine and scheming figure at court, plotting the assassination of Cardinal Richelieu and later joining the Fronde, a coalition of nobles who opposed the royal centralisation. Finally forgiven by Louis XIII, he died without male heirs, extinguishing the first Bourbon House of Orléans.
Notes: the Monsieur d'Orléans, second son of Henry IV isn't included in the list due to his short life (4 years) and lack of official baptism or name.[9]
| Duke | Birth | Tenure | Death | Marriage(s) Issue |
Claim | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Arms of the House of Orléans.svg Gaston Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Gaston of France, Duke of Orléans by Anthony van Dyck (Musée Condé).jpg | 24 April 1608 Château of Fontainebleau Son of Henry IV of France and Marie de' Medici |
6 August 1626 Template:Ndash 2 February 1660 |
2 February 1660 Château de Blois Died by natural causes (aged 51) |
Template:Grey Marie of Bourbon (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1626; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1627) 1 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Grey Marguerite of Lorraine (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1632; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1660) 5 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Created duke by Henry IV |
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Second House of Bourbon-Orléans
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". The sixth and final creation was for Philip, Duke of Anjou, who received the Orléanais by his brother Louis XIV. Through his marriage with Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate, he established a long dynasty that finally arose to the throne in 1830, with the deposition of Charles X and the proclamation of Louis Philippe I.[10] Louis Philippe passed his title to his son and dauphin, Ferdinand, who died in a carriage accident in 1842.[11]
| Duke | Birth | Tenure | Death | Marriage(s) Issue |
Claim | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| File:Arms of the House of Orléans.svg Philip I Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Philippe de France, Duc d'Orléans (1640-1701).jpg | 21 September 1640 Saint-Germain-en-Laye Son of Louis XIII of France and Anne of Austria |
10 May 1661 Template:Ndash 9 June 1701 |
9 June 1701 Château de Saint-Cloud Died by stroke (aged 60) |
Template:Grey Henrietta of England (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1661; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1670) 3 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Template:Grey Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1671; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1701) 3 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Created duke by Louis XIV |
| File:Arms of the House of Orléans.svg Philip II Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Portrait of Philippe d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in armour by Jean-Baptiste Santerre.png | 2 August 1674 Château de Saint-Cloud Son of Philip I and Elizabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate |
9 June 1701 Template:Ndash 2 December 1723 |
2 December 1723 Palace of Versailles Died by natural causes (aged 49) |
Françoise Marie de Bourbon (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1692; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1723) 8 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Son of Philip I (male-preference proximity) |
| File:Arms of the House of Orléans.svg Louis Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Rochard after Coypel - Louis d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans in Armour.jpg | 4 August 1703 Palace of Versailles Son of Philip II and Françoise Marie de Bourbon |
2 December 1723 Template:Ndash 4 February 1752 |
4 February 1752 St. Genevieve, Paris Died by delirium complications (aged 48) |
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Son of Philip II (male-preference proximity) |
| File:Arms of the House of Orléans.svg Louis Philippe I Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Louis Philippe d'Orléans (1725-1785) as Duke of Orléans by Alexander Roslin, Stockholm.png | 12 May 1725 Palace of Versailles Son of Louis and Johanna of Baden-Baden |
4 February 1752 Template:Ndash 18 November 1785 |
18 November 1785 Château de Sainte-Assise Died by natural causes (aged 60) |
Louise Henriette de Bourbon (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1743; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />d.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1759) 3 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Morganatic: Charlotte-Jeanne Béraud (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1773; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1785) ChildlessScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Son of Louis (male-preference proximity) |
| File:Arms of the House of Orléans.svg Louis Philippe II Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Louis Philippe d'Orléans Reynolds Chantilly détail.jpg | 13 April 1747 Château de Saint-Cloud Son of Louis Philip I and Louise Henriette de Bourbon |
18 November 1785 Template:Ndash 6 November 1793 |
6 November 1793 Conciergerie, Paris Executed for treason (aged 46) |
Marie-Adélaïde de Bourbon (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1768; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1793) 5 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Son of Louis Philip I (male-preference proximity) |
| File:Arms of the House of Orléans.svg Louis Philippe III Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Louis philippe 1835 par desnos.jpeg | 6 October 1773 Palais-Royal, Paris Son of Louis Philip II and Marie-Adélaïde de Bourbon |
6 November 1793 Template:Ndash 9 August 1830 (Renounced the title to become King of the French) |
26 August 1850 Claremont, England Died by natural causes (aged 76) |
Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily (<templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />m.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1809; <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />wid.Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". 1850) 10 childrenScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Son of Louis Philip II (male-preference proximity) |
| File:Arms of the House of Orléans.svg Ferdinand Other titles Template:Collapsible list |
File:Orléans Ingres Wodsworth Atheneum.jpg | 3 September 1810 Royal Palace, Palermo Son of Louis Philip III and Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily |
9 August 1830 Template:Ndash 13 July 1842 |
13 July 1842 Neuilly-sur-Seine Died in an accident (aged 31) |
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Son of Louis Philip III (male-preference proximity) |
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Current use
- Legitimists recognize Jean, Count of Paris, Head of the House of Orléans, as Duke of Orléans, inheriting the title as the heir male of Philip I, Duke of Orléans.
- Orleanists recognize Jacques d'Orléans, uncle of the Count of Paris, as Duke of Orléans. Per Orleanist-Unionist reckoning, the title merged with the crown in 1883 and was subsequently granted to Jacques upon his marriage in 1969.
See also
References
- ↑ One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
- ↑ Amédée René, Les princes militaires de la maison de France, Paris, 1848, p. 49
- ↑ Didier Le Fur, Louis XII : un autre César, Perrin, 2001 p. 40.
- ↑ Auguste Bailly, François Ier : restaurateur des lettres et des arts, Livre club du librairie, 1961, p. 9.
- ↑ Jean Heritier, Catherine de Medici. George Allen and Unwin, 1963, p. 69.
- ↑ Nicolas Le Roux, «La cour dans l'espace du palais: l'exemple de Henri III», Palais et pouvoir, de Constantinople à Versailles, Presses universitaires de Vincennes, 2003, pp. 106-108.
- ↑ Knecht, R. J. Catherine de' Medici. London and New York: Longman, 1998, 104-108.
- ↑ A.L. Moote, Louis XIII, The Just p 192. University of California Press, 1991, p. 192.
- ↑ François de Malherbe, Lettres à Peiresc, éd. La Pléiade, p. 378.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
