Drummond Township, Michigan

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Drummond Island, Michigan)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote". Template:Use mdy dates Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator. Drummond Township (Template:IPAc-en Script error: No such module "Respell".) is a civil township of Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 973 at the 2020 census.

The township encompasses the large Drummond Island and numerous smaller islands. Drummond Island is the seventh-largest lake island in the world. With an area of Script error: No such module "convert"., it is also the third-largest lake island in Lake Huron, behind Manitoulin and St. Joseph, and the fifth-largest island in the contiguous United States, behind Long Island, Padre Island, Isle Royale and Whidbey Island.[1]

M-134 extends from the mainland to run through the western portion of the island, connecting with the mainland via the Drummond Island Ferry, which runs between the island and DeTour Village.

On the east side of Drummond Island, the Canada–United States border passes through the False Detour Channel. On the other side of that channel, the Canadian Cockburn Island separates Drummond from Manitoulin Island.

Communities

  • Drummond (or Drummond Island) is an unincorporated community on Potagannissing Bay on the northwest side of the island at Script error: No such module "Coordinates"..[2] It was named after British commander Gordon Drummond, who built a fort here after the War of 1812. He abandoned the fort in 1822 when it was apparent that the island would become American territory. By the 1850s, the area was settled by Mormon missionaries and Native Americans. A post office in Drummond began operating on February 9, 1881. The post office was renamed Drummond Island on July 1, 1953.Template:Sfn The Drummond Island 49726 ZIP Code serves the entirety of Drummond Township.[3][4]
  • Johnswood (also spelled as Johns Wood) is an unincorporated community on the southern coast of the island at Script error: No such module "Coordinates"..[5] The community was settled around 1905 when the Kreetan Company from Tonawanda, New York took over the area sawmills. It was originally named Scammon's Cove after the small bay. A post office began operating under the name Kreetan on September 7, 1905. The post office was renamed Johns Wood when Harold Johnson became postmaster on March 19, 1914. The post office remained in operation until 1927.Template:Sfn
  • Lincoln is an unincorporated community near the center of Drummond Island at Script error: No such module "Coordinates"..[6]
  • Maxton is an unincorporated community located at Script error: No such module "Coordinates"..[7] The community was established by the Cleveland Cedar Company in 1904 as a sawmill settlement along Potagannissing Bay a few miles northeast of Drummond. For the next three decades, several other sawmills began operating here.[8] A post office in Maxton operated from 1904 until 1950.Template:Sfn

History

File:Drummond Island Quarry- East End Looking East - DPLA - b582ab8e930a14a5a1467351e77e6a7a.jpg
A quarry on Drummond Island (1893)

The township and island are named after Gordon Drummond, the first Canadian-born officer to command the military and the civil government of British Canada. As Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, Drummond distinguished himself on the Niagara front in the War of 1812 and later became Governor-General and Administrator of Canada.[9] The Ojibwe name for the island is Bootaagan-minising (syncope as Bootaagan-mnising[10] recorded as "Potagannissing"),[11] meaning "at the Mill Island".[10]

The history of Drummond Island dates back centuries, but more recent history of the past 200 years relates to the British occupation of the island during and after the War of 1812. The island was the last British outpost on American soil following the Treaty of Ghent (1814). On October 6, 1828, orders were sent out from Quebec that the post would be handed over, and the island was officially occupied by United States on November 14, 1828.[12] Drummond Island was originally recorded by Americans as First Manitoulin Island and Drummond's Island.[1]

Border on the Great Lakes

File:Islands of north-east Lake Huron.PNG
St. Joseph, Drummond, and Cockburn islands with the placement of the international boundary agreed to in 1822 and 1842

British and American negotiators to the 1814 Treaty of Ghent ended the War of 1812 by offering no territorial concessions to either side, but returned to those boundaries set by the Treaty of Paris of 1783. To resolve territorial claims that had precipitated the war, negotiators at Ghent established a process whereby commissioners would survey the boundary to determine the borders envisioned in the original treaty.

Beginning in August 1820, two teams of surveyors, including British explorer and cartographer David Thompson, mapped the area of St. Joseph Island, Drummond Island, and Lesser and Greater Manitou Islands (today Cockburn and Manitoulin islands). Mapping this corner of Lake Huron was a challenge given that little was known about the shores and depths of the channels between the islands. The agent for the United States survey team, Major Joseph Delafield, complained, "No map that I have seen has any truth as it respects the position of Drummond's or the other islands about St. Marys. We entered this bay without a pilot, but are told we cannot proceed up river without one."[13]

Based on the surveys taken in the summers of 1820 and 1821, and guided by the commission's two principles that the boundary would not divide islands and that the number of islands would be apportioned equally between the two countries,[13] in November and December 1821, commissioners agreed to grant St. Joseph Island and Cockburn Island to Canada and Drummond Island, which lies between them, to the United States.[13]

Geography

File:Drummond, MI post office.jpg
U.S. Post Office in Drummond Island

According to the US Census Bureau, the township has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert"., or 48.23%, is water.[14] The island is dominated by forest, with cliffs on the eastern side, which are part of the Niagara Escarpment.

Most of the island, approximately <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />2⁄3, is state land owned by the state of Michigan.[15] The island hosts a rare environment known as alvar, a grassy limestone plain found only in a few places worldwide.[16] Drummond Island is the largest island in the Manitoulin Island chain to be part of the United States.

Drummond Township is one of only seven municipalities in the state of Michigan to consist entirely of islands, including Grosse Ile Township, St. James Township, Bois Blanc Township, Mackinac Island, Peaine Township, and Sugar Island Township.

Climate

Drummond Island
Climate chart (explanation)
Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header Template:Climate chart/month header
 
 
72
 
 
−9
−14
 
 
55
 
 
−11
−16
 
 
48
 
 
−4
−10
 
 
114
 
 
4
−5
 
 
84
 
 
11
3
 
 
79
 
 
16
9
 
 
107
 
 
19
15
 
 
96
 
 
22
17
 
 
103
 
 
18
14
 
 
127
 
 
10
3
 
 
83
 
 
6
0
 
 
66
 
 
2
−4
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm
Source: [17]
Imperial conversion
JFMAMJJASOND
 
 
2.8
 
 
16
7
 
 
2.2
 
 
12
3
 
 
1.9
 
 
25
14
 
 
4.5
 
 
39
23
 
 
3.3
 
 
52
37
 
 
3.1
 
 
61
48
 
 
4.2
 
 
66
59
 
 
3.8
 
 
72
63
 
 
4.1
 
 
64
57
 
 
5
 
 
50
37
 
 
3.3
 
 
43
32
 
 
2.6
 
 
36
25
█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches

Major highways

Demographics

<templatestyles src="US Census population/styles.css"/>

Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
1890496—
1900499Script error: No such module "String".%
1910624Script error: No such module "String".%
1920711Script error: No such module "String".%
1930294Script error: No such module "String".%
1940317Script error: No such module "String".%
1950448Script error: No such module "String".%
1960501Script error: No such module "String".%
1970479Script error: No such module "String".%
1980746Script error: No such module "String".%
1990835Script error: No such module "String".%
2000992Script error: No such module "String".%
20101,058Script error: No such module "String".%
2020973Script error: No such module "String".%

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

In 2020, the township had a population of 973.

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Template wrapper".
  2. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Script error: No such module "If empty".
  3. ↑ Template:Google maps
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Script error: No such module "If empty".
  6. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Script error: No such module "If empty".
  7. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Script error: No such module "If empty".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b Freelang Ojibwe Dictionary
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Sources

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

External links

Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Drummond_Township,_Michigan&oldid=656330"