Dominique chicken
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The Dominique is an American breed of chicken, characterized by black-and-white barred plumage and a rose comb. It is considered to be the oldest American chicken breed,[1]Template:R/superscript and is thought to derive from birds brought to America by colonists from southern England. It was well known by about 1750, and by the mid-nineteenth century was widely distributed in the eastern United States.[2]Template:R/superscript[3]Template:R/superscript It is a dual-purpose breed, but is kept principally for its brown eggs.[2]Template:R/superscript It became an endangered breed in the twentieth century, but numbers have since recovered.[4]Template:R/superscript
History
The origins of the Dominique are unknown.[5]Template:R/superscript It is considered to be the oldest American chicken breed,[1]Template:R/superscript and is thought to derive from birds – probably similar to the modern Dorking or Sussex breeds – brought to America by colonists from southern England. Chickens with barred plumage, with either a single or a rose comb, were well known by about 1750, and by the mid-nineteenth century were widely distributed in the eastern United States.[3]Template:R/superscript[2]Template:R/superscript They were known by many names – among them Blue Spotted Hen, Dominic, Dominicker, Dominico, Old Grey Hen and Pilgrim Fowl – but were commonly known as Dominique. Some of the earliest books on poultry include these as a valuable American breed.[6]Template:R/superscript Some were exhibited at the first American poultry show, held in Boston in 1849.[2]Template:R/superscript
In the 1860s the Plymouth Rock was created by cross-breeding Black Java with large single-combed Dominiques; it was first exhibited in 1869.[4]Template:R/superscript It was rather larger than the Dominique, but otherwise fairly similar. At a poultry show in New York in 1870, the organisers ruled that only rose-combed barred birds could be exhibited as Dominiques; those with single combs were to be entered as Plymouth Rocks.[4]Template:R/superscript[2]Template:R/superscript In 1871 this ruling was confirmed in a Standard of Excellence for the Dominique.[2]Template:R/superscript In 1874 the Dominique was included in the first edition of the American Standard of Perfection of the new American Poultry Association;[4]Template:R/superscript the Dominique bantam was added in 1960.[7]Template:R/superscript
Breed numbers declined during the twentieth century, and by the 1970s the Dominique was close to disappearing. A recovery initiative was launched, and from 1983 numbers began to rise again.[4]Template:R/superscript Until about 2003 its conservation status was listed as "critical" by the American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (now the Livestock Conservancy), with fewer than 500 breeding birds in North America.[8]Template:R/superscript In 2021 it was listed as "watch" by the Livestock Conservancy, and was reported to DAD-IS as "not at risk".[4]Template:R/superscript[9]Template:R/superscript
Characteristics
The Dominique is of medium size, mature birds usually weighing some Script error: No such module "convert".. The only recognized plumage coloration is cuckoo, sometimes known as "hawk" coloration, a regular pattern of light and dark – but not black and white – barring.[4]Template:R/superscript
The head is carried high, and has a rose-comb with a single backwards-pointing spike; the earlobes and wattles are red, and the beak yellow.[4]Template:R/superscript The legs and feet are also yellow.[10]Template:R/superscript
The plumage is held fairly tight to the body; because of this and the rose comb, it has better resistance to frostbite than some other breeds.[4]Template:R/superscript
Use
The Dominique is a dual-purpose breed, but is kept principally for its brown eggs,[2]Template:R/superscript of which hens lay about 200 per year, with an average weight of 58 g.[5]Template:R/superscript
References
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- ↑ a b J. Ian H. Allonby, Philippe B. Wilson (editors) (2018). British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain, seventh edition. Chichester; Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Blackwell. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Janet Vorwald Dohner (2001). The Encyclopedia of Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds. New Haven, Connecticut; London: Yale University Press. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ a b Carol Ekarius (2007). Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds. North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing. Template:Isbn.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i Dominique Chicken The Livestock Conservancy. Archived 26 January 2021.
- ↑ a b Rassetafeln: Hühner (in German). Reichenbach, Haselbachtal: Bund Deutscher Rassegeflügelzüchter. Accessed January 2022.
- ↑ Victoria Roberts (2008). British Poultry Standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain, sixth edition. Oxford: Blackwell. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ APA Recognized Breeds and Varieties: As of January 1, 2012. American Poultry Association. Archived 4 November 2017.
- ↑ Conservation Priority List. American Livestock Breeds Conservancy (now The Livestock Conservancy). Archived 1 June 2003.
- ↑ Breed data sheet: Dominique / United States of America (Chicken). Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Accessed January 2022.
- ↑ Mark A. Fields (February 25, 2015). https://dominiqueclub.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/Interpreting-the-Dominique-Standard.pdf Interpreting The Dominique Standard in 2015]. Dominique Club of America. Accessed February 2022.
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Further reading
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- Tamara Staples, Ira Glass, Christa Velbel (2001). The Fairest Fowl: Portraits of Championship Chickens. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. Template:Isbn.