dir (command)
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dir, short for directory, is a shell command for listing file system contents: files and directories.[1] Arguably, the command provides the same essential functionality as the ls command, but typically the two commands are described as notably separate concepts, possibly since ls is implemented from a codebase that shares more history than many dir implementations.
The command is often implemented as internal in the operating system shell instead of as a separate application as many other commands are.
Variants
Although syntax, semantics and implementations vary, a dir command with essentially the same functionality is available in the operating systems:
CP/M,[2]
MP/M,[3]
ISIS-II,[4] iRMX 86,[5]
CDOS,[6]
TRIPOS,[7]
DOS,
4690 OS,[8]
OS/2,[9]
Windows,[10]
Singularity,
ROM-DOS,[11]
ReactOS,[12]
GNU,[13]
AROS,[14]
VMS,
RT-11,
RSX-11,
OS/8,
86-DOS,[15]
MS-DOS (in versions 1 and later),[16]
and DOSBox.
Some applications also provide a dir command with similar functionality. The typical File Transfer Protocol (FTP) command-line client provides a dir command for listing a remote directory. The numerical computing environments MATLAB and GNU Octave include a dir
command.[17][18]
Generally, Unix-like systems use the ls command for the needs that dir satisfies in other types of systems. Notably, the Unix-like GNU operating system, provides a dir command that is equivalent to ls -C -b; that is, by default files are listed in columns, sorted vertically, and special characters are represented by backslash escape sequences.[19]
Examples
List all files and directories in the working directory. Template:Sxhl
List text and batch files of the working directory by specifying filename extensions ".txt" or ".bat" with the "*" wildcard character that matches any base file name. Template:Sxhl
List files and directories in the specified directory and any subdirectories, recursively, in wide format, pausing after each screen of output. The directory name is enclosed in double-quotes, to prevent it from being interpreted is as two separate command-line options because it contains a space. Template:Sxhl
List any NTFS junction points:
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See also
References
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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- ↑ ISIS II Users Guide
- ↑ iRMX 86 INTRODUCTION AND OPERATOR'S REFERENCE MANUAL For Release 6
- ↑ CDOS USER'S MANUAL
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ [1]Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
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- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (59 pages)
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ dir invocation (GNU coreutils) at www.gnu.org
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Further reading
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External links
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- dir | Microsoft Docs
- Open source DIR implementation that comes with MS-DOS v2.0
- Dir command syntax and examples
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