Roman Catholic Diocese of Béziers

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Diocese of Béziers)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
File:Cathebeziers.jpg
Béziers Cathedral

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Béziers was situated in southern France, in Languedoc, west of the Rhone River. In 1790, during the French Revolution, the Catholic diocese of Béziers and several others were suppressed by the Constituent Assembly, and their territory assigned to a new Constitutionaal Diocese of Hérault, whose schismatic bishop was seated at Béziers. The Catholic diocese of Beziers was abolished by Pope Pius VII in 1801, and never revived. It is no longer an independent diocese, and is part of the Diocese of Montpellier.

History

Traditionally, the first Bishop of Béziers was considered to be the Egyptian saint, Aphrodisius, said to have sheltered the Holy Family at Hermopolis and to have become a disciple of Christ, also to have accompanied Sergius Paulus to Gaul when the latter went thither to found the Church of Narbonne. Local traditions made St. Aphrodisius arrive at Béziers mounted on a camel. and to have died a martyr at Béziers.[1] Hence the custom of leading a camel in the procession at Béziers on the feast of the saint, which lasted until the French Revolution.[1] It was revived in the late 20th century.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The first historically known bishop is Paulinus mentioned in 418.

It is said that in 1212, following the death of Bishop Pierre d' Aigrefeuille on 6 July 1212, St. Dominic refused the See of Béziers, to continue to devote himself to the crusade against the Albigenses.[2]

Among the fifteen synods held at Béziers was that of 356 held by Saturninus of Arles, an Arian archbishop, which condemned Hilary of Poitiers.[3] Later synods of 1233, 1243, 1246, and 1255 condemned the Cathars.[4]

On 24 February 1248, the Dominican Order (Order of Preachers) founded a convent in Béziers on the site of the fortress which had been built by Simon de Montfort and destroyed by the people of Béziers.[5]

On 8 May 1255, a general assembly of bishops and barons of Bas-Languedoc was held by King Louis IX of France in the episcopal palace of Béziers. Archbishop Guillaume of Narbonne presided. A set of thirty-two royal statutes were issued, regulating the conduct of royal officials, as well as the general conduct of the inhabitants. Frequenting inns, for example, was forbidden to anyone who was not a traveller.[6]

Canon Gilles Oger of Saint-Aphrodise, on 26 December 1438, presented a letter and a decree from the Council of Basel to Bishop Guilhaume de Montjoie (1424–1451), enjoining the churches of France, especially the cathedrals, to institute a reform of the divine office. On 3 January 1439, the bishop issued two ordonances implementing the decree of the council.[7]

After discussions with officers of the municipality, of the local royal government, and Bishop Jean de Bonsi and others, it was agreed on 7 April 1599, that the Jesuits would staff the collège in Béziers which was under construction. There were to be seven classes in humanities, grammar, and philosophy, and eight teachers, brought from the Jesuit house in Toulouse.[8]

French Revolution

The National Constituent Assembly ordered the replacement of political subdivisions of the ancien régime with subdivisions called "departments", to be characterized by a single administrative city in the center of a compact area. The decree was passed on 22 December 1789, and the boundaries fixed on 26 February 1790, with the effective date of 4 March 1790.[9] A new department was created, called "Hérault", and its meeting center rotated among Montpellier, Béziers, Lodève, and Saint-Pons.[10]

The National Constituent Assembly then, on 6 February 1790, instructed its ecclesiastical committee to prepare a plan for the reorganization of the clergy. At the end of May, its work was presented as a draft Civil Constitution of the Clergy, which, after vigorous debate, was approved on 12 July 1790. There was to be one diocese in each department, a policy later adhered to by Napoleon.[11] Under the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the seat of the Constitutional diocese of Hérault was fixed at Béziers, and Catholic diocese of Béziers and the other dioceses in Hérault were consequently suppressed, their territories becoming part of the new diocese of Hérault.[12]

The French Directory fell in the coup engineered by Talleyrand and Napoleon on 10 November 1799. The coup resulted in the establishment of the French Consulate, with Napoleon as the First Consul. To advance his aggressive military foreign policy, he decided to make peace with the Catholic Church in France and with the Papacy.[13] In the concordat of 1801 with Pope Pius VII, and in the enabling papal bull, "Qui Christi Domini", the constitutional diocese of Hérault and all the other dioceses in France, including the diocese of Béziers were suppressed. This removed all the institutional contaminations and novelties introduced by the Constitutional Church, and voided all of the episcopal appointments of both authentic and constitutional bishops.[14] In the new ecclesiastical structure authorized by Pius VII, the departments of Hérault and Tarn were assigned to the restored diocese of Montpellier, and Montpellier was made a suffragan of the metropolitan archbishop of Toulouse.[15] Despite the intention of Louis XVIII and Pius VII in 1817 to restore all the dioceses in the old archdiocese of Narbonne, the Concordat of 1817 was not approved thanks to the opposition of the liberal French parliament. Appointments to restored dioceses did not take place until 1822, and, though a bishop had been appointed in 1817, Jean-Paul-Gaston de Pins.[16] The diocese of Béziers was not recreated, and the appointment lapsed.

A Papal Brief of 16 June 1877, authorized the bishops of Montpellier to call themselves bishops of Montpellier, Béziers, Agde, Lodève and Saint-Pons, in memory of the different dioceses united in the present Diocese of Montpellier.[1] The diocese does not in fact use the titles.

Bishops

To 1000

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
[ Dynamus 415 ][19]
  • Hermes of Béziers c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[20]
  • Sedatius of Béziers 589[21]
  • Petrus 633[22]
  • Cresciturus 683[23]
  • Pacotasis of Béziers 688[24]
  • Ervigius of Béziers 693[25]
  • Wulfegarius of Béziers 791[26]
[ Stephanus 833 ][27]
  • Alaric 875–878[28]
  • Agilbert 886–897[29]
  • Fructuarius 897–898[30]
  • Matfred 898[31]
  • Reginald (Raynald) I de Béziers 906–933 or 930
  • Rodoaldus (Raoul) 930 or 936–957
  • Bernard I Géraud 957–978 or 980
  • Matfred II 990–1010 or 1011

1000 to 1300

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Urbain 1016
  • Etienne II 1017–1036 or 1037
  • Bernard II 1035 or 1037–1046
  • Bèrenger I 1050–1053
  • Bernard III Arnaud 1053–c. 1060
  • Bèrenger II 1061–c. 1066
  • Matfred III 1077–1096 or c. 1070–c. 1093
  • Arnaud de Lévézon 1096–1121[32]
  • Guiraud 1121–1123[33]
  • Guillaume I de Serviez (Servian, Cerviez) 1127
  • Bermond de Lévezon 1128–1152
  • Guillaume II 1152–1154 or 1157
  • Raymond (I) 1159
  • Guillaume III 1159–1167
  • Bernard IV de Gaucelin 1167–1184
  • Geofroy (Gausfred) de Marseille 1185–1199
  • Guillaume de Rocozels (Rocozels) 1199–1205
  • Ermengaud 1205–1208
  • Reginald (Renaud) de Montpeyroux 1208–1211
  • Pierre d'Aigrefeuille 1211–1212
  • Bertrand de Saint Gervais 1212–1215
  • Raymond II Lenoir January–20 April 1215
  • Bernard V de Cuxac 1215–1242
  • R. 1243[34]
  • [ P. 1244 ][35]
  • Raymond de Salles (Salle) 1245–1247
  • Raymond de Vaihauquez (Valhauquès) 1247–1261[36]
  • Pons de Saint-Just 1261–1293
  • Raymond V de Colombiers 1293–1294
  • Berengar Fredol the Elder, 1294–1305, cardinal

1300 to 1500

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

From 1500

<templatestyles src="Div col/styles.css"/>

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Antoine Dubois 1504–1537
  • Jean de Lettes 1537–1543[41]
  • Jean de Narbonne 1543–1545[42]
  • François Gouffier 1546–1547[43]
  • Lorenzo Strozzi 1547–1561[44]
  • Giuliano de' Medici 1561–1571[45]
  • [ André Etienne 1572 ][46]
Sede vacante (1574–1576)[47]
  • Thomas (I) de Bonsi 1576–1596[48]
  • Jean de Bonsi 1596–1621[49]
  • [ Dominique de Bonzi (Bonsi) 1615–1621 ][50]
  • Thomas de Bonsi 1622–1628[51]
  • Clément de Bonsi 1629–1659[52]
  • Pierre de Bonzi 1660–1669[53]
  • Armand Jean de Rotondy de Biscaras 1671–1702[54]
  • Louis-Charles des Alris de Rousset 1702–1744[55]
  • Léon-Louis-Ange de Ghistelle de Saint-Floris 1744–1745[56]
  • Joseph-Bruno de Bausset de Roquefort 1745–1771[57]
  • Aymar Claude de Nicolaï 1771–1790[58]
Constitutional church (schismatic)
  • Dominique Pouderous 1791–1799[59]
  • Alexandre Victor Rouanet 1799–1801[60]

See also

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b c File:Wikisource-logo.svg One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Script error: No such module "template wrapper".
  2. ↑ Fisquet, p. 81. Jean Guiraud, Saint Dominic, tr. by K. De Mattos (London: Duckworth Duckworth, 1901), p. 47 (the deceased bishop was Pierre, not Bertrand).
  3. ↑ Karl Joseph von Hefele, A History of the Councils of the Church, from the Original Documents, Volume 2 (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark 1876), p. 216.
  4. ↑ Karl Joseph von Hefele, Histoire des conciles d'après les documents originaux, Template:In lang, tr. H. Leclercq, Volume 5, part 2 (Paris: Letouzey 1913), pp. 1556-1558. 1629, 1697, 1738.
  5. ↑ Fisquet, p. 94.
  6. ↑ Fisquet, pp. 96-98.
  7. ↑ Douais, Documents..., p. xvii.
  8. ↑ Mme Bellaud Dessalles, Les évèques italiens de l'ancien diocèse de Béziers, 1547-1669, pp. 220-223.
  9. ↑ Pisani, pp. 10-11.
  10. ↑ J. B. Duvergier, Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'état, Template:In lang, Volume 1 (Paris: A. Guyot et Scribe, 1834), p. 106, col. 1: "33. HÉRAULT.- La première assemblée de ce département se tiendra à Montpellier, et alternera entre Béziers, Lodève, Saint-Pons et Montpellier. Ce département est divisé en quatre districts, dont les chefs-lieux sont: Montpellier, Béziers, Lodève, Saint-Pons."
  11. ↑ "Civil Constitution," Title I, "Article 1. Chaque département formera un seul diocèse, et chaque diocèse aura la même étendue et les mêmes limites que le département."
  12. ↑ Duvergier, Vol. 1, p. 242, column 2.
  13. ↑ Hippolyte Taine, The Origins of Contemporary France. The Modern Régime, Volume 1 (H. Holt, 1890), p. 153.
  14. ↑ J.B. Duvergier (ed.), Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, réglemens et avis du Conseil d'état, Template:In lang, Volume 13 (Paris: A. Guyot et Scribe, 1826), pp. 371-372, col. 2: "L'archevêché de Narbonne et ses suffragans, les évêchés de Beziers, Agde, Nimes, Carcassonne, Montpellier, Lodève, Uzès, Saint-Pons, Alet, Alais et Elne ou Perpignan."
  15. ↑ Duvergier, vol. 13, pp. 384-385.
  16. ↑ David M. Cheney, Catholic-Hierarchy: Archbishop Jean-Paul-Gaston de Pins. Retrieved: 2016-07-17Template:Self-published source
  17. ↑ Gallia christiana VI, pp. 294-295. Duchesne, p. 309, no. 1.
  18. ↑ A letter of his is mentioned, c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. Gallia christiana VI, pp. 295-296. Duchesne, p. 309, no. 2.
  19. ↑ Dynamis is mentioned in an inscription of the reconstruction of the cathedral of Narbonne, and in a letter of 415, but nowhere is he associated with Béziers. Gallia christiana VI, p. 296. Duchesne, p. 309, note 2.
  20. ↑ Hermes was a deacon of Narbonne. He was consecrated a bishop for Béziers by Bishop Rusticus of Narbonne around 461, but was rejected by the people. Apparently he then usurped the bishopric of Narbonne. Gallia christiana VI, pp. 296-297. Duchesne, p. 309, no. 3.
  21. ↑ Bishop Sedatius was present at the Third Council of Toledo, summoned by the Visigothic king Reccared in May 589, and at the Council of Narbonne on 1 November 589. Duchesne, p. 309, no. 4. Charles De Clercq, Concilia Galliae A. 511 - A. 695, Template:In lang (Turnholt: Brepols 1963), p. 254: "...Migetius, Sedatius, Benenatus, Boetius, Pelagius, Tigridius, Agripinus et Sergis, episcopi Gallie prouincie, concilia sanctorum antiquorum patrum uel decreta obseruare cum Dei timore cupientes, nos in urbe Narbona, secundum quod sancta synodus per ordinationem gloriosissimi domni nostri Reccharedi regis in urbe Toletana finibit, die kalendas Nouembres Deo auspice in unum conuenimus...."
  22. ↑ Petrus was present at the council of Toledo in 633. Gallia christiana VI, p. 297. Duchesne, p. 309, no. 5.
  23. ↑ Bishop Cresciturus was present at the council of Toledo in 683. Nothing more is known of him. Garsias Loaisa, Collectio Conciliorum Hispaniae (Madrid: P. Madrigal 1593), p. 629. Gallia christiana VI, p. 298. Duchesne, p. 309, no. 6.
  24. ↑ Bishop Pacotasis was present at the 15th council of Toledo in 688. Loaisa, Collectio Conciliorum Hispaniae, p. 678. Gallia christiana VI, p. 298. Duchesne, p. 309, no. 7.
  25. ↑ Bishop Ervigius was present at the 16th council of Toledo in 693. Loaisa, Collectio Conciliorum Hispaniae, p. 721. Gallia christiana VI, p. 298. Duchesne, p. 309, no. 8.
  26. ↑ Bishop Wulfegarius was not present at the council of Narbonne, which adjudicated a boundary dispute between him and the Archbishop of Narbonne. He was represented by a priest, Catello Dominicus. Gallia christiana VI, p. 298-299. Duchesne, p. 309, no. 9.
  27. ↑ Stephanus was not a bishop of Béziers. Duchesne, p. 309, note 5.
  28. ↑ Bishop Alaric signed a privilege for the Church of Tournus. He attended the council of Troyes in 878. Gallia christiana VI, p. 300. Duchesne, p. 309, no. 10.
  29. ↑ Agilbertus attended the council of Narbonne in villa Portu in 886, and at the council in the same location on 19 April 897. Gallia christiana VI, pp. 300-301. J.D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima (in Latin) Vol. 18 (Venice: A. Zatta 1770), pp. 43-46; p. 179. Duchesne, p. 309-310, no. 11.
  30. ↑ Fructuarius is named in the subscription list of the council of Narbonne in villa Portu (Mansi, p. 182. on 19 April 897. It is conjectured that Bishop Fructuarius died during the council, and was replaced by his successor Fructuarius. He is also named in a document of 16 July 897. Gallia christiana VI, pp. 301-302. Duchesne, p. 310, no. 12.
  31. ↑ Matfred: Gallia christiana VI, p. 302. Fisquet, p. 28.
  32. ↑ Arnaud de Lévézon: Gallia christiana VI, pp. 311-312. Fisquet, pp. 44-50.
  33. ↑ Guiraud (Geraldus, Geraud): Fisquet, pp. 50-52.
  34. ↑ R. was archdeacon of Béziers, who had apparently been elected without the consent of some of the canons of the cathedral Chapter. The disaffected canons wrote twice to the metropolitan archbishop, in January and February 1242, requesting that he not confirm the election without consulting them. Fisquet, p. 92.
  35. ↑ An initial of a bishop appears in a report of the council of Narbonne in 1244. "P" could be a misreading of "R", or could refer to Raymond de Salles. Nothing is known of "P". Fisquet, pp. 92-93.
  36. ↑ Shortly after the death of Bishop Raymond de Salles on 19 September 1247, the Chapter of the cathedral of Saint-Nazaire elected Raymont de Valhauzuez, Prior of Saint-Firmin in his native Montpellier. He was confirmed by Pope Innocent IV on 27 October 1247. He died on 5 (or 6) June 1261, and was succeeded by his nephew, Pons de Saint-Just. Fisquet, pp. 94-98. Eubel I, p. 137.
  37. ↑ Cremaud was promoted bishop of Poitiers (1385). Fisquet, pp. 133-141. Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Montjoie: Fisquet, pp. 149-154.
  39. ↑ Louis de Harcourt was the natural son of Jean VIII de Harcourt, Count of Aumale and of Mortain, and Marguerite de Preullay, Vicountess of Dreux. His uncle Jean de Harcourt was the archbishop of Narbonne from 1436 to 1451, when he was named Patriarch of Alexandria. Louis was legitimized by King Charles VII of France in 1441, and was granted a papal dispensation to hold ecclesiastical office. He was named Bishop of Béziers on 13 October 1451, at the age of 27, by Pope Nicholas V, but on 10 December 1451, he was promoted archbishop of Narbonne in succession to his uncle. He died in Tours on 14 December 1479. Fisquet, pp. 154-157. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, p. 107 with note 2.
  40. ↑ Bureau died c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".. Fisquet, pp. 158-159.
  41. ↑ De Lettis (De Pratis) was the nephew of Bishop Jean des Prés of Montauban, who made him Dean of the collegiate church of Montpezat. Jean de Lettis was nominated by King Francis I of France, according to the Concordat of Bologna, and approved by Pope Paul III in the consistory of 13 June 1537. He succeeded his uncle as bishop of Montauban on 20 November 1537. He resigned the diocese of Béziers on 30 March 1543, in an exchange with Jean de Narbonne for the abbey of Moissac. Fisquet, p. 165. Eubel III, p. 135 with notes 3 and 4.
  42. ↑ Jean de Narbonne died on 17 November 1545. Eubel III, p. 135 with note 5.
  43. ↑ Gouffier, a Knight of Malta, was the son of Guillaume, Grand Admiral of France and Governor of Aquitaine and the Dauphiné. was approved by Pope Paul III in the consistory of 8 October 1546, though he was only 25 years of age. He took possession of the diocese by proxy on 12 February 1547. He resigned while still bishop-elect, on 7 December 1547. He died while on an embassy to England in 1548. Fisquet, pp. 167-168. Eubel III, p. 135 with note 5.
  44. ↑ Strozzi was a grand-nephew of Pope Leo X, and a first-cousin of Catherine de Medicis; his brother Pietro was a marshal of France. It is not known whether he ever resided in the diocese of Béziers. On 25 July 1560 King Francis II of France wrote to Strozzi, ordering him to go to his diocese by 1 September, and make it his actual and principal residence, since a strong and experienced hand was needed to combat the heresies in the diocese. He was later bishop of Albi (1561). Fisquet, pp. 168-171. Douais, Documents..., pp. 353-355.
  45. ↑ Giuliano di Pierfrancesco de' Medici replaced Cardinal Strozzi, who resigned. He was approved in consistory by Pope Pius IV on 14 April 1561. He was later nominated archbishop of Aix in December 1571, and confirmed on 29 May 1574. He died on 28 July 1588. Fisquet, pp. 171-174. Eubel III, pp. 111 with note 8; 113 with notes 9-13; 135.
  46. ↑ Étienne was nominated bishop of Béziers on 25 January 1572, by King Charles IX of France. He was rejected by Pope Gregory XIII on 27 April 1573. There had been a papal vacancy during that time, from 1 May 1572 to 14 May 1572. Fisquet, p. 174.
  47. ↑ Fisquet, p. 175.
  48. ↑ Bonsi resigned 1596, in favor of his nephew. He died in 1603. Fisquet, pp. 175-178.
  49. ↑ Bonsi had been Administrator of the diocese of Béziers for his uncle, Cardinal Strozzi from 1550, and then for Giuliano de Medici. He was named bishop on 11 February 1598 by Pope Clement VIII. He resigned when named a cardinal in 1611. He died in Rome on 4 July 1621. Fisquet, pp. 179-183. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 116 with note 2. Bergin, Joseph (1996), The Making of the French Episcopate, pp. 578-579.
  50. ↑ Dominique de Bonsi, a nephew of Cardinal Jean de Bonsi, was named archbishop of Caesarea and coadjutor bishop of Cardinal Jean de Bonsi, on 31 August 1615. He died on 30 April 1621, at the age of 30, and did not succeed to the bishopric. Fisquet, pp. 183-184. Gauchat, p. 116 with note 3.
  51. ↑ Thomas (II.) de Bonsi was confirmed by Pope Urban VIII on 10 January 1622. He was consecrated a bishop on 13 April 1626, and then visited Rome, returning on 26 May 1626 to make his formal entry into his diocese. He died on 7 (or 27) August 1628, at the age of 27. Fisquet, pp. 184-186 . Gauchat, p. 116 with note 4. Bergin, p. 579.
  52. ↑ Clément de Bonsi, brother of Bishops Thomas de Bonsi and Dominique de Bonsi, was confirmed by Pope Urban VIII on 17 September 1629. On 22 February 1672, he was named a cardinal by Pope Clement X. He died on 6 October 1659. Fisquet, pp. 186-188. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 116 with note 5.
  53. ↑ Pierre de Bonsi was nominated bishop of Béziers by Louis XIV on the death of his brother in 1659, and approved in consistory on 7 June 1660. He was one of the bishops who received Marie-Thérèse at the Spanish border in 1660, and he entertained her in Béziers during her progress to Paris. His episcopal palace burned, and in 1664 he began rebuilding, with the financial adi of Louis XIV. He acted as proxy for Cosimo de' Medici and the daughter of Gaston d'Orleans. He was nominated archbishop of Toulouse on 8 December 1669, and transferred there by Clement X in the consistory of 28 September 1671. Fisquet, pp. 188-191. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 116 with note 6. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 377 with note 3.
  54. ↑ Biscaras had been Bishop of Lodève (1669-1672). He was nominated bishop of Béziers by King Louis XIV on 5 January 1671, and approved by Pope Clement X on 22 February 1672. He died on 15 February 1702. Jean, p. 259, no. 78. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 121 with note 2.
  55. ↑ Rousset had been Dean and Vicar-General of Carcassonne. He was nominated by Louis XIV on 15 April 1702, and confirmed by Pope Clement XI on 25 September 1702. He died on 6 September 1744. Jean, p. 259, no. 79. Ritzler & Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica V, p. 121 with note 3.
  56. ↑ Jean, Jean, p. 259.
  57. ↑ Bausset-Roquefort: Jean, pp. 259-260, no. 80.
  58. ↑ Nicolai was the last bishop of Béziers. The diocese was suppressed in 1790. Jean, p. 260, no. 81.
  59. ↑ Pouderous was (constitutional bishop of Hérault, 1791–1799, installed at Béziers. He died at Béziers 10 April 1799. Tableau, p. 47.
  60. ↑ (constitutional bishop of l'Hérault, installed at Béziers) 1799–1801 (dismissed)

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Bibliography

Reference works

  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (Use with caution; obsolete)
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (in Latin)
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (in Latin)
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

Studies

Script error: No such module "Coordinates". Template:Subject bar Template:Authority control

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Béziers&oldid=5305880"