Dichlorine heptoxide
Dichlorine heptoxide is the chemical compound with the formula Template:Chem2. This chlorine oxide is the anhydride of perchloric acid. It is produced by the careful distillation of perchloric acid in the presence of the dehydrating agent phosphorus pentoxide:[1]
Template:Chem2 can be distilled off from the mixture.
It may also be formed by illumination of mixtures of chlorine and ozone with blue light.[2] It slowly hydrolyzes back to perchloric acid.
Structure
Template:Chem2 is an endergonic molecule, meaning it is intrinsically unstable, decomposing to its constituent elements with release of energy:[3]
- Template:Chem2 (ΔH° = −132 kcal/mol)
Dichlorine heptoxide is a covalent compound consisting of two Template:Chem2 groups linked by an oxygen atom. It has an overall bent molecular geometry (C2 symmetry), with a Cl−O−Cl angle of 118.6°. The chlorine–oxygen bond lengths are 1.709 Å in the central region and 1.405 Å within each Template:Chem2 cluster.[1] In this compound, chlorine exists in its highest formal oxidation state of +7.
Chemistry
Dichlorine heptoxide reacts with primary and secondary amines in carbon tetrachloride solution to yield perchloric amides:[4]
It also reacts with alkenes to give alkyl perchlorates. For example, it reacts with propene in carbon tetrachloride solution to yield isopropyl perchlorate and 1-chloro-2-propyl perchlorate.[5]
Dichlorine heptoxide reacts with alcohols to form alkyl perchlorates.[6]
Dichlorine heptoxide is a strongly acidic oxide, and in solution it forms an equilibrium with perchloric acid.
Safety
Although it is the most stable chlorine oxide, Template:Chem2 is a strong oxidizer as well as an explosive that can be set off with flame or mechanical shock, or by contact with iodine.[7] Nevertheless, it is less strongly oxidising than the other chlorine oxides, and does not attack sulfur, phosphorus, or paper when cold.[1] It has the same effects on the human body as elemental chlorine, and requires the same precautions.[8]
References
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Template:Chlorine compounds Template:Oxides Template:Oxygen compounds