Vice-Chancellor of Germany
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The vice-chancellor of Germany, officially the deputy to the federal chancellor (Template:Langx), is the second highest ranking German cabinet member. The chancellor is the head of government and, according to the constitution, gives this title of deputy to one of the federal ministers. It is custom that the title is given to a minister of the largest coalition partner, since 1966 typically the foreign minister. Since 2011, the minister for economic affairs has held the title most often.
In everyday politics, being vice-chancellor is considered more of an honorary title. The vice-chancellor may head cabinet meetings when the chancellor is absent. The function of vice-chancellor is to use the specific constitutional powers of the chancellor in case that the chancellor is unable to perform their duties. This kind of substitution has never been made use of in the history of the Federal Republic. Should a chancellor resign, die or be permanently unable to perform the duties of office, the vice-chancellor does not automatically become the next chancellor. In such a case the Federal President assigns a minister to serve as acting chancellor until the Bundestag (parliament) elects a new chancellor.[1]
Although Script error: No such module "Lang". is the constitutional term, vice-chancellor (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is used more commonly. Chancellor (Script error: No such module "Lang".) is the traditional term for the German head of government since 1867/71. A general deputy was introduced by law in 1878 (Script error: No such module "Lang".). In the Weimar Republic of 1919–1933, the office of Script error: No such module "Lang". was mentioned in the internal regulation of the government. The current title has existed since the constitution of 1949.
Lars Klingbeil (Social Democratic Party) is the current officeholder since 6 May 2025.
History
Script error: No such module "Sidebar". Such an office was initially established by the 1878 Script error: No such module "Lang". (Deputation Act), which provided for the imperial chancellor appointing a deputy, officially known as Script error: No such module "Lang". (General Deputy to the Imperial Chancellor). In addition to the general deputy, who could sign for all the affairs of the chancellor, the chancellor could appoint deputies with limited responsibilities. The act was revised on 28 October 1918, when the possibility of appointing deputies with limited responsibilities was removed and the vice-chancellor was given the right to appear before parliament.[2]
In the Weimar Republic, the office was considered less important. It was not even mentioned in the constitution. Usually it was held by the minister of justice or the interior. The most known office holder is Franz von Papen, a former chancellor who formed a coalition government of national socialists and conservatives. Adolf Hitler became chancellor, and Papen vice-chancellor. It became soon obvious that the position of vice-chancellor provided no powers and was unsuited to constrain Hitler. Papen was convinced that him being trusted by president Hindenburg made him an important political player; soon, Hindenburg's trust went from Papen to Hitler.
In the Federal Republic (since 1949), the chancellors have had no interest in allowing the deputy to use the title for self-promotion.[3] Since 1966 it became customary that the coalition partner of the governing party received the ministry of foreign affairs, who was also appointed deputy. The ministry of foreign affairs was considered to be the most important cabinet post besides the chancellorship. This tradition faded away during the tenure of Angela Merkel, partially because the leaders of her coalition partners chose a different ministry.
Office and appointment mechanism
The German cabinet consists of the chancellor and the federal ministers. According to the Basic Law (Article 69.1), the chancellor appoints one of the ministers as vice-chancellor. In contrast to the appointment of a cabinet minister, there is no need for a formal appointment by the president. The appointment is an exclusive power of the chancellor.
The chancellor is theoretically free to choose a deputy chancellor. In practice, a German government is usually based on a coalition of two or more parties and the chancellor gives the title to a minister of the second largest coalition party upon recommendation of that party's leadership.
The German vice-chancellor can be regarded as the equivalent of a deputy prime minister in other parliamentary systems. Unlike the vice president post in presidential systems of governments, the German vice-chancellor is not the automatic successor in the event that a sitting chancellor suddenly leaves office.
A German cabinet exists only as long as the current chancellor is in office. The end of a chancellor's term in office (either by death or resignation or the first meeting of a newly elected Bundestag) automatically terminates the office of any minister. If this happens, the president of Germany appoints the former chancellor or, if this is not possible, one of the former cabinet ministers (not necessarily, but most likely the former vice-chancellor) as acting chancellor, until the parliament elects a new chancellor.[4] When in 1974 Chancellor Willy Brandt resigned and refused to remain in office until his successor's election, President Gustav Heinemann ensured a corresponding precedent and appointed former vice-chancellor Walter Scheel as acting chancellor.
The Basic Law does not state who shall perform the chancellor's powers and duties, if both the chancellor and the vice-chancellor are unable to do so. The German cabinet's rules of procedure state that in absence of both office-holders cabinet meetings shall be chaired by a cabinet member designated for this purpose by either the chancellor or the vice-chancellor or, if such a designation has not taken place or if the designee is not able to do so, by the present cabinet member with the longest uninterrupted membership in the federal government (§22.1).[5] It is however unclear, whether this provision extends to other powers of the office of chancellor. In an expertise issued by the Bundestag's scientific service in 2014, the legal opinion is that this is the case.[6]
List of vice-chancellors
German Reich (1871–1945)
German Empire (1871–1918)
Political party:
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| No. | Portrait | Name | Term start | Term end | Days | Party | Portfolio | Cabinet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 1 | File:Ottosw.jpg | Otto Graf zu Stolberg-Wernigerode (1837–1896)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1 June 1878 | 20 June 1881 | Script error: No such module "age". | FKP | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Bismarck | |
| rowspan=3 style="background:Template:Party color;" | 2 | File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1981-127-06A, Karl-Heinrich von Boetticher.jpg | Karl Heinrich von Boetticher (1833–1907)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
20 June 1881 | 1 July 1897 | Script error: No such module "age". | FKP | Secretary of State for the Interior | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Bismarck |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Caprivi | ||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst | ||||||||
| rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Party color;" | 3 | File:Nicola Perscheid - Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner.jpg | Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner (1845–1932)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1 July 1897 | 24 June 1907 | Script error: No such module "age". | FKP | Secretary of State for the Interior | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Bülow | ||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 4 | File:Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg(cropped).jpg | Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg (1856–1921)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
24 June 1907 | 14 July 1909 | Script error: No such module "age". | Independent | Secretary of State for the Interior | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Bülow |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 5 | File:Delbrück, Clemens von (1856-1921).jpg | Clemens von Delbrück (1856–1921)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
14 July 1909 | 22 May 1916 | Script error: No such module "age". | Independent | Secretary of State for the Interior | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Bethmann Hollweg |
| rowspan=3 style="background:Template:Party color;" | 6 | File:Karl Helfferich.jpg | Karl Helfferich (1872–1924)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
22 May 1916 | 9 November 1917 | Script error: No such module "age". | Independent | Secretary of State for the Interior (until 23 October 1917)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Bethmann Hollweg |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Michaelis | ||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Hertling | ||||||||
| rowspan=3 style="background:Template:Party color;" | 7 | File:Friedrich von Payer.jpg | Friedrich von Payer (1847–1931)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
9 November 1917 | 10 November 1918 | Script error: No such module "age". | FVP | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Hertling | |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Baden | ||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Ebert |
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Weimar Republic (1918–1933)
Political party:
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| No. | Portrait | Name | Term start | Term end | Days | Party | Portfolio | Cabinet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 1 | File:Eugen Schiffer (1919).jpg | Eugen Schiffer (1860–1954)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
13 February 1919 | 19 April 1919 | Script error: No such module "age". | DDP | Deputy Minister-President & Minister of Finance |
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Scheidemann |
| The office was vacant from 19 April to 30 April 1919. | |||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 2 | File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-12088, Bernhard Dernburg (cropped).jpg | Bernhard Dernburg (1865–1937)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
30 April 1919 | 21 June 1919 | Script error: No such module "age". | DDP | Deputy Minister-President & Minister of Finance |
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Scheidemann |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 3 | File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1989-072-16, Matthias Erzberger.jpg | Matthias Erzberger (1875–1921)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
21 June 1919 | 3 October 1919 | Script error: No such module "age". | Centre | Deputy Minister-President (until 14 August 1919)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". & Minister of Finance |
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Bauer |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 4 (1)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
File:Eugen Schiffer (1919).jpg | Eugen Schiffer (1860–1954)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
3 October 1919 | 27 March 1920 | Script error: No such module "age". | DDP | Minister of Justice | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Bauer |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 5 | File:Erich Koch-Weser circa 1920 (cropped).jpg | Erich Koch-Weser (1875–1944)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
27 March 1920 | 21 June 1920 | Script error: No such module "age". | DDP | Minister of the Interior | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Müller I |
| The office was vacant from 21 June to 25 June 1920. | |||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 6 | File:Dr. Rudolf Heinze.jpg | Rudolf Heinze (1865–1928)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
25 June 1920 | 10 May 1921 | Script error: No such module "age". | DVP | Minister of Justice | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Fehrenbach |
| rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 7 | File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J0113-0500-001, Gustav Bauer.jpg | Gustav Bauer (1870–1944)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
10 May 1921 | 22 November 1922 | Script error: No such module "age". | SPD | Minister of Finance | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Wirth I |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Wirth II | ||||||||
| The office was vacant from 22 November 1922 to 13 August 1923. | |||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 8 | File:Robert Schmidt (politician).jpg | Robert Schmidt (1864–1943)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
13 August 1923 | 6 October 1923 | Script error: No such module "age". | SPD | Minister for Reconstruction | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Stresemann I |
| The office was vacant from 6 October to 30 November 1923. | |||||||||
| rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 9 | File:Dr. Jarres LCCN2014716741 (cropped).jpg | Karl Jarres (1874–1951)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
30 November 1923 | 15 December 1924 | Script error: No such module "age". | DVP | Minister of the Interior | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Marx I |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Marx II | ||||||||
| The office was vacant from 15 December 1924 to 28 January 1927. | |||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 10 | File:Oskar Hergt.jpg | Oskar Hergt (1869–1967)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
28 January 1927 | 28 June 1928 | Script error: No such module "age". | DNVP | Minister of Justice | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Marx IV |
| The office was vacant from 28 June 1928 to 30 March 1930. | |||||||||
| rowspan=2 style="background:Template:Party color;" | 11 | File:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-10015, Robert Hermann Dietrich (cropped).jpg | Hermann Dietrich (1879–1954)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
30 March 1930 | 1 June 1932 | Script error: No such module "age". | DDP | Minister of Finance (from 26 June 1930)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Brüning I |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Brüning II | ||||||||
| The office was vacant from 1 June 1932 to 30 January 1933. | |||||||||
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Nazi Germany (1933–1945)
| No. | Portrait | Name | Term start | Term end | Days | Party | Portfolio | Other positions | Cabinet | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The deputy to the chancellor of the Reich | ||||||||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 12 | File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-S00017, Franz von Papen crop.jpg | Franz von Papen (1879–1969)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
30 January 1933 | 7 August 1934 | Script error: No such module "age". | Non-partisan | Minister President of Prussia (until 10 April 1933)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Hitler | |||||
| From 7 August 1934 until 20 September 1949, the office of the vice-chancellor of Germany was abolished. | ||||||||||||||
Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)
Political party:
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| No. | Portrait | Name | Term start | Term end | Days | Party | Portfolio | Cabinet | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 1 | File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-P001512, Franz Blücher 2.jpg | Franz Blücher (1896–1959)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
20 September 1949 | 29 October 1957 | Script error: No such module "age". | FDP (until 1956)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". FVP (1956–57)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". DP (1957–)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
Marshall Plan (later renamed to Economic Cooperation)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Adenauer I • II |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 2 | File:Einde bezoek bondskanselier dr Ludwig Erhard en gaf persconferentie in het Haag, Bestanddeelnr 916-1325 (cropped).jpg | Ludwig Erhard (1897–1977)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
29 October 1957 | 16 October 1963 | Script error: No such module "age". | CDU | Economic Affairs | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Adenauer III • IV |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 3 | File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-87989-0060, Erich Mende.jpg | Erich Mende (1916–1998)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
17 October 1963 | 28 October 1966 | Script error: No such module "age". | FDP | Intra-German Relations | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Erhard I • II |
| The office was vacant from 28 October to 8 November 1966. | |||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 4 | File:Einweihung des Mosel-Schiffahrtsweges 1964, Seebohm-MK060 RGB (cropped).jpg | Hans-Christoph Seebohm (1903–1967)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
8 November 1966 | 1 December 1966 | Script error: No such module "age". | CDU | Transport | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Erhard II |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 5 | File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F057884-0009, Willy Brandt.jpg | Willy Brandt (1913–1992)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
1 December 1966 | 22 October 1969 | Script error: No such module "age". | SPD | Foreign Affairs | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Kiesinger |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 6 | File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1989-047-20, Walter Scheel.jpg | Walter Scheel (1919–2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
22 October 1969 | 16 May 1974 | Script error: No such module "age". | FDP | Foreign Affairs | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Brandt I • II |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 7 | File:Bundesarchiv FDP-Bundesparteitag, Genscher.jpg | Hans-Dietrich Genscher (1927–2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". First termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
17 May 1974 | 17 September 1982 | Script error: No such module "age". | FDP | Foreign Affairs | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Schmidt I • II • III |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 8 | File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F048636-0022, Dortmund, SPD-Parteitag, Egon Franke (cropped).jpg | Egon Franke (1913–1995)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
17 September 1982 | 1 October 1982 | Script error: No such module "age". | SPD | Intra-German Relations | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Schmidt III |
| The office was vacant from 1 October to 4 October 1982. | |||||||||
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 9 (7)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
File:Hans-Dietrich Genscher (1989).jpg | Hans-Dietrich Genscher (1927–2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Second termScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
4 October 1982 | 18 May 1992 | Script error: No such module "age". | FDP | Foreign Affairs | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Kohl I • II • III • IV |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 10 | File:Jürgen Möllemann 2002 (cropped).jpeg | Jürgen Möllemann (1945–2003)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
18 May 1992 | 21 January 1993 | Script error: No such module "age". | FDP | Economic Affairs | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Kohl IV |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 11 | File:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F063645-0024, Pullach, Besuch Carstens beim BND.jpg | Klaus Kinkel (1936–2019)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
21 January 1993 | 27 October 1998 | Script error: No such module "age". | FDP | Foreign Affairs | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Kohl IV • V |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 12 | File:Fischer und Paul Wolfowitz (Headshot).jpg | Joschka Fischer (born 1948)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
27 October 1998 | 22 November 2005 | Script error: No such module "age". | Green | Foreign Affairs | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Schröder I • II |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 13 | File:FranzMüntefering mw1.jpg | Franz Müntefering (born 1940)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
22 November 2005 | 21 November 2007 | Script error: No such module "age". | SPD | Labour and Social Affairs | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Merkel I |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 14 | File:Frank-Walter Steinmeier Feb 2014 (cropped).jpg | Frank-Walter Steinmeier (born 1956)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
21 November 2007 | 27 October 2009 | Script error: No such module "age". | SPD | Foreign Affairs | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Merkel I |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 15 | File:Guido westerwelle.jpg | Guido Westerwelle (1961–2016)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
27 October 2009 | 16 May 2011 | Script error: No such module "age". | FDP | Foreign Affairs | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Merkel II |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 16 | File:Roesler-klein.jpg | Philipp Rösler (born 1973)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
16 May 2011 | 17 December 2013 | Script error: No such module "age". | FDP | Economic Affairs | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Merkel II |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 17 | File:Sigmar Gabriel (2013).jpg | Sigmar Gabriel (born 1959)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
17 December 2013 | 14 March 2018 | Script error: No such module "age". | SPD | Economic Affairs (2013–17) Foreign Affairs (2017–18) |
style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Merkel III |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 18 | File:Olaf Scholz September 2024.jpg | Olaf Scholz (born 1958)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
14 March 2018 | 8 December 2021 | Script error: No such module "age". | SPD | Finance | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Merkel IV |
| style="background:Template:Party color;" | 19 | File:2021-12-07 Unterzeichnung des Koalitionsvertrages der 20. Wahlperiode des Bundestages by Sandro Halank–018 (cropped).jpg | Robert Habeck (born 1969)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
8 December 2021 | 6 May 2025 | Script error: No such module "age". | Green | Economic Affairs and Climate Protection | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Scholz |
| style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | 20 | File:2025-05-05 Unterzeichnung des Koalitionsvertrages der 21. Wahlperiode des Bundestages by Sandro Halank–049 (cropped).jpg | Lars Klingbeil (born 1978)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". |
6 May 2025 | Incumbent | Script error: No such module "age". | SPD | Finance | style="background:Template:Party color; color:white" | | Merz |
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Timeline
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bar:SWernigerode from: 01/06/1878 till: 20/06/1881 color:fkp text:"Otto Graf zu Stolberg-Wernigerode" bar:Boetticher from: 20/06/1881 till: 01/07/1897 color:fkp text:"Karl Heinrich von Boetticher" bar:PWehner from: 01/07/1897 till: 24/06/1907 color:fkp text:"Arthur von Posadowsky-Wehner" bar:BHollweg from: 24/06/1907 till: 14/07/1909 color:ind text:"Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg" bar:Delbrück from: 14/07/1909 till: 22/05/1916 color:ind text:"Clemens von Delbrück" bar:Helfferich from: 22/05/1916 till: 09/11/1917 color:ind text:"Karl Helfferich" bar:Payer from: 09/11/1917 till: 10/11/1918 color:fovp text:"Friedrich von Payer" bar:Schiffer from: 13/02/1919 till: 19/04/1919 color:ddp from: 03/10/1919 till: 27/03/1920 color:ddp text:"Eugen Schiffer" bar:Dernburg from: 30/04/1919 till: 21/06/1919 color:ddp text:"Bernhard Dernburg" bar:Erzberger from: 21/06/1919 till: 03/10/1919 color:dzp text:"Matthias Erzberger" bar:KWeser from: 27/03/1920 till: 21/06/1920 color:ddp text:"Erich Koch-Weser" bar:Heinze from: 25/06/1920 till: 10/05/1921 color:dvp text:"Rudolf Heinze" bar:Bauer from: 10/05/1921 till: 22/11/1922 color:spd text:"Gustav Bauer" bar:Schmidt from: 13/08/1923 till: 06/10/1923 color:spd text:"Robert Schmidt" bar:Jarres from: 30/11/1923 till: 15/12/1924 color:dvp text:"Karl Jarres" bar:Hergt from: 28/01/1927 till: 28/06/1928 color:dnvp text:"Oskar Hergt" bar:Dietrich from: 30/03/1930 till: 01/06/1932 color:ddp text:"Hermann Dietrich" bar:Papen from: 30/01/1933 till: 07/08/1934 color:ind text:"Franz von Papen" bar:Blücher from: 20/09/1949 till: 01/01/1956 color:fdp from: 01/01/1956 till: 01/01/1957 color:frvp from: 01/01/1957 till: 29/10/1957 color:dp text:"Franz Blücher" bar:Erhard from: 29/10/1957 till: 16/10/1963 color:cdu text:"Ludwig Erhard" bar:Mende from: 17/10/1963 till: 28/10/1966 color:fdp text:"Erich Mende" bar:Seebohm from: 08/11/1966 till: 01/12/1966 color:cdu text:"Hans-Christoph Seebohm" bar:Brandt from: 01/12/1966 till: 22/10/1969 color:spd text:"Willy Brandt" bar:Scheel from: 22/10/1969 till: 16/05/1974 color:fdp text:"Walter Scheel" bar:Genscher from: 17/05/1974 till: 17/09/1982 color:fdp from: 04/10/1982 till: 18/05/1992 color:fdp text:"Hans-Dietrich Genscher" bar:Franke from: 17/09/1982 till: 01/10/1982 color:spd text:"Egon Franke bar:Möllemann from: 18/05/1992 till: 21/01/1993 color:fdp text:"Jürgen Möllemann" bar:Kinkel from: 21/01/1993 till: 27/10/1998 color:fdp text:"Klaus Kinkel" bar:Fischer from: 27/10/1998 till: 22/11/2005 color:b90dg text:"Joschka Fischer" bar:Müntefering from: 22/11/2005 till: 21/11/2007 color:spd text:"Franz Müntefering" bar:Steinmeier from: 21/11/2007 till: 27/10/2009 color:spd text:"Frank-Walter Steinmeier" bar:Westerwelle from: 27/10/2009 till: 16/05/2011 color:fdp text:"Guido Westerwelle" bar:Rösler from: 16/05/2011 till: 17/12/2013 color:fdp text:"Philipp Rösler" bar:Gabriel from: 17/12/2013 till: 14/03/2018 color:spd text:"Sigmar Gabriel" bar:Scholz from: 14/03/2018 till: 08/12/2021 color:spd text:"Olaf Scholz" bar:Habeck from: 08/12/2021 till: 06/05/2025 color:b90dg text:"Robert Habeck" bar:Klingbeil from: 06/05/2025 till: $now color:spd text:"Lars Klingbeil"
</timeline>
References
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- ↑ Ute Mager, in: von Münch/Kunig: Grundgesetz-Kommentar II, 5. Auflage 2001, Rn. 10/11 zu Art. 69.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Roman Herzog, in: Maunz/Dürig: Kommentar zum Grundgesetz, 2008, Art. 69, Rn. 9.
- ↑ Georg Hermes, in: Horst Dreier (Hrsg.) Grundgesetz-Kommentar, Band 2, 2. Auflage 2006, Art. 69, Rn. 7, 17-19.
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Wissenschaftlicher Dienst des Bundestages. Sachstand. Vertretungsregelungen für das Amt des Bundeskanzlers und des Bundespräsidenten (AZ: WD 3-3000-016/14), p. 3–4.
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