Anniversary

File:Stockholm Mae Westival group 1993.jpg

Swedish celebrities including Miss Sweden Johanna Lind, Camilla Henemark, Alexandra Charles and Christina Schollin celebrate the 100th anniversary of the birth of Mae West at Berns in Stockholm in 1993

File:Flickr - USCapitol - First Meeting Place of the House of Representatives in the Capitol Plaque.jpg

Memorial plaque presented by the National Capital Sesquicentennial Commission in Washington, D.C., in 1951

An anniversary is the date on which an event took place or an institution was founded.

Most countries celebrate national anniversaries, typically called national days. These could be the date of independence of the nation or the adoption of a new constitution or form of government. There is no definite method for determining the date of establishment of an institution, and it is generally decided within the institution by convention. The important dates in a sitting monarch's reign may also be commemorated, an event often referred to as a "jubilee".

Names

• Birthdays are the most common type of anniversary, on which someone's birthdate is commemorated each year. The actual celebration is sometimes moved for practical reasons, as in the case of an official birthday or one falling on February 29.
• Wedding anniversaries are also often celebrated, on the same day of the year as the wedding occurred.
• Death anniversaries.

The Latin phrase dies natalis (literally "birth day") has become a common term, adopted in many languages, especially in intellectual and institutional circles, for the anniversary of the founding ("legal or statutory birth") of an institution, such as an alma mater (college or other school). In ancient Rome, the [dies] Aquilae natalis was the "birthday of the eagle", the anniversary of the official founding of a legion.

Anniversaries of nations are usually marked by the number of years elapsed, expressed with Latin words or Roman numerals.

Numerical

Latin terms for anniversaries are mostly straightforward, particularly those relating to the first thirty years (1–30), or multiples of ten years (30, 40, 50, 60, 70 etc.), or multiples of centuries or millenniums (100, 200, 300, 1000, 2000, 3000, etc.). In these instances, the name of the anniversary is generally derived from the Latin word(s) for the respective number of years. When anniversaries relate to fractions of centuries (125, 150, 175, 225, 250, 275 years—i.e. 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.25, 2.5, and 2.75 centuries), the situation is not as simple.

Roman fractions were based on a duodecimal system. From 1⁄12 to 8⁄12 they were expressed as multiples of twelfths (uncia "twelfth"; the source of the English words inch and ounce) and from 9⁄12 to 11⁄12 they were expressed as multiple twelfths less than the next whole unit—i.e. a whole unit less 3⁄12, 2⁄12 or 1⁄12 respectively. There were also special terms for quarter (quadrans), half (semis), and three-quarters (dodrans). Dodrans is a Latin contraction of de-quadrans which means "a whole unit less a quarter" (de means "from"; quadrans means "quarter"). Thus for the example of 175 years, the term is a quarter century less than the next whole (bi)century or 175 = (−25 + 200).

In Latin, it seems that this rule did not apply precisely for 1+1⁄2. While secundus is Latin for "second", and bis for "twice", these terms are not used such as in sesqui-secundus. Instead sesqui (or ses) is used by itself.

Anniversary	Latin-derived term	Other terms	Comments
6 months	Semiannual		'Biannual' means twice in a year, or a malapropism meaning once every two years ('biennial').
	Biannual
1 year	Annual	Paper
2 years	Biennial	Cotton	'Biennial' means once every two years, or a malapropism meaning twice in a year ('biannual').
3 years	Triennial	Leather
4 years	Quadrennial	Linen
5 years	Quinquennial	Wood
6 years	Sexennial, Sextennial	Iron	Sexennial and sextennial are two different forms of the same word.
7 years	Septennial	Wool
8 years	Octennial	Bronze
9 years	Novennial	Copper
10 years	Decennial	Tin Aluminum
	Denary
11 years	Undecennial	Steel
12 years	Duodecennial	Silk
121⁄2 years		Parsley	A humorous or mock wedding anniversary celebrated in Northern Germany and the Netherlands, chosen because it is halfway to the silver anniversary.
13 years	Tredecennial	Lace
14 years	Quattuordecennial	Ivory
15 years	Quindecennial	Crystal
16 years	Sexdecennial	Sapphire	Sapphire is separately used for other anniversaries
17 years	Septdecennial	Orchid
18 years	Octdecennial	Quartz
19 years	Novdecennial	Jade
20 years	Vigintennial	China/Porcelain/emerald
	Vicennial
	Vicenary
	Bidecennial
25 years	Quadranscentennial	Silver
30 years	Tricennial	Pearl
	Tricenary
35 years	Quintricennial	Coral
40 years	Quadragennial	Ruby
	Quadragenary
45 years	Quinquadragennial	Sapphire
50 years	Semicentennial	Golden	Previously, "jubilee" by itself was used to indicate celebrations at 50 year intervals
	Quinquagenary
55 years	Quinquinquagennial	Emerald
	Quinquinquagenary
60 years	Sexagennial	Diamond	Diamond is separately used for the 75th anniversary, its use for 60th years being popularized by Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria
	Sexagenary
65 years	Quinsexagennial	Sapphire	Sapphire is separately used for other anniversaries
70 years	Septuagennial	Platinum
	Septuagenary
75 years	Semisesquicentennial	Diamond	Diamond is separately used for the 60th anniversary. Semisesquicentennial can be broken down to understand its meaning: "semi" - half of + "sesqui" - in the ratio of 3:2 + "centennial" - 100 years. Broken out mathematically, 1/2 * 3/2 * 100 = 75.
	Demisesquicentennial
80 years	Octogintennial	Oak
	Octogenary
90 years	Nonagintennial	Granite
	Nonagenary
100 years	Centennial	Obsidian
	Centenary
125 years	Quasquicentennial		Term is broken down as quasqui- (and a quarter) centennial (100 years). Quasqui is a contraction from quadrans "a quarter" plus the clitic conjunction -que "and". The term was coined by Funk and Wagnalls editor Robert L. Chapman in 1961.
150 years	Sesquicentennial		Term broken down as sesqui- (one and a half) centennial (100 years)
175 years	Dodransbicentennial		Dodrans is a Latin contraction of de-quadrans which means "a whole unit less a quarter" (de means "from"; quadrans means "quarter"). 175 years is a quarter century less than the next whole (bi)century (175 = 200 − 25).
	Dodrabicentennial		Alternative Latin form of Dodransbicentennial
	Dequasbicentennial		Alternative Latin form of Dodransbicentennial
	Dosquicentennial		Dosquicentennial has been used in modern times and this is perhaps a modern contraction of "de-quadrans".
	Demisemiseptcentennial		ProbablyTemplate:Attribution needed a modern coined term: demisemiseptcentennial; literally one-half (demi-) × one-half (semi-) × seven (sept-) × 100 years (centennial)—also demisemiseptcentenary.
	Quartoseptcentennial		ProbablyTemplate:Attribution needed a modern coined term: quartoseptcentennial; literally one-quarter (quarto-) × seven (sept-) × 100 years (centennial)—also quartoseptcentenary.
	Terquasquicentennial		A coined word for an anniversary of 175 years, but the elements of the word literally refer to an anniversary of 375 years, as follows: ter- (3) × quasqui- (11⁄4) × centennial (100 years)
	Septaquintaquinquecentennial		Suggested by lexicographer Robert L. Chapman to William Safire; first appeared in Safire's column, "On Language" (The New York Times Magazine, February 12, 1995). It is a coined word for an anniversary of 175 years, but the elements of the word literally refer to an anniversary of 35,000 years, as follows: septaquinta- (70) × quinque- (5) × centennial (100 years)
200 years	Bicentennial
	Bicentenary
225 years	Quasquibicentennial
250 years	Sestercentennial		To express 2+1⁄2 in Latin it would be expressed as "half-three". The term relates to being halfway [from the second] to the third integer. In Latin this is "Sestertius", which is a contraction of semis (halfway) tertius (third)—hence Sestercentennial.
	Semiquincentennial		Semi- (half) × quin- (5) × centennial (100 years) = 250 years. Used by Brown University in 2015. Also used by the United States Semiquincentennial.
	Bicenquinquagenary		Used by Princeton University in 1996, Reading, Pennsylvania in 1998, and Washington and Lee University in 1999. It is a coined word for an anniversary of 250 years: bi- (2) × cen(t)- (100) + quinquagenary (50 years).
	Quarter-millennial
275 years	Bicenterquasquigenary
300 years	Tercentennial
	Tercentenary
	Tricentennial
	Tricentenary
350 years	Sesquarcentennial		Sesquarcentennial is a modern coined term; sesquarcentennial for 350 years is deduced here from the "Sestertius" definition for 250 years above. For 350 years it relates to being halfway from the third to the fourth integer; thus a contraction of semis (halfway) and quartus (fourth); hence Sesquarcentennial. Semiseptcennial is probablyTemplate:Attribution needed a modern coined term: semi- (half) × sept (7) × cen(t)- (100) × centennial (350 years).
	Semiseptcentennial
375 years	Terquasquicentennial
400 years	Quadricentennial
	Quadricentenary
	Quatercentenary
450 years	Sesquincentennial
500 years	Quincentenary
	Quincentennial
600 years	Sexacentennial
	Sexcentenary
700 years	Septcentennial		ProbablyTemplate:Attribution needed a coined term; earliest known use in March 1988. Chiang Mai Septcentennial Stadium (Chiang Mai, Thailand) was completed in 1991.
	Septuacentennial
800 years	Octocentennial
	Octocentenary
900 years	Nonacentennial
1000 years	Millennial
1500 years	Sesquimillennial		Term broken down as sesqui- (one and a half) millennial (1000 years)
2000 years	Bimillennial
3000 years	Trimillennial
4000 years	Quadrimillennial
5000 years	Quinmillennial
6000 years	Sexmillennial
7000 years	Septmillennial
8000 years	Octomillennial
9000 years	Novamillennial
10,000 years	Decamillennial
100,000 years	Centamillennial

Symbols

Many anniversaries have special names. Etiquette in Society, in Business, in Politics and at Home by Emily Post, published in 1922, contained suggestions for wedding anniversary gifts for 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50, and 75 years. Wedding anniversary gift suggestions for other years were added in later editions and publications; they now comprise what is referred to as the "traditional" list. Generally speaking, the longer the period, the more precious or durable the material associated with it.

There are variations according to some national traditions. There exist numerous partially overlapping, partially contradictory lists of anniversary gifts (such as wedding stones), separate from the "traditional" names. The concepts of a person's birthday stone and zodiac stone, by contrast, are fixed for life according to the day of the week, month, or astrological sign corresponding to the recipient's birthday.

See also

• List of historical anniversaries
• Quinquennial Neronia

External links

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