2006 Michigan gubernatorial election

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Template:Short description Template:Use American English Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Script error: No such module "Sidebar". The 2006 Michigan gubernatorial election was one of the 36 U.S. gubernatorial elections held November 7, 2006. Incumbent Democratic Governor of Michigan Jennifer Granholm was re-elected with 56% of the vote over Republican businessman Dick DeVos and three minor party candidates.[1]

As of 2022, this is the last time the Democratic candidate for Governor carried the counties of Keweenaw, Houghton, Ontonagon, Iron, Dickinson, Menominee, Delta, Schoolcraft, Mackinac, Luce, Chippewa, Mason, Lake, Oceana, Van Buren, Cass, Calhoun, Monroe, Jackson, Tuscola, Shiawassee, Montcalm, Ionia, Gratiot, Midland, Clare, Gladwin, Roscommon, Ogemaw, Iosco, Arenac, Crawford, Alcona, Alpena, and Presque Isle.

Democratic primary

Candidates

Results

Granholm had no opposition in the primary election, which was held August 8. She retained incumbent Lieutenant Governor John D. Cherry as her running mate.

Democratic primary results[2]
Party Candidate Votes %
Script error: No such module "Political party". Jennifer Granholm (incumbent) Script error: No such module "string". 100.00
Total votes Script error: No such module "string". 100.00

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Republican primary

Candidates

Disqualified from ballot

  • Louis Boven (ran write-in campaign)

Withdrawn

DeVos was originally facing two other Republicans; state Representative Jack Hoogendyk of Portage and state Senator Nancy Cassis of Novi, both dropped out by summer 2005. A political unknown, Louis Boven, tried to challenge him in the primary, but failed to meet Michigan election requirements to get on the ballot. Boven later ran an unsuccessful write-in campaign.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

DeVos selected former State Representative and Oakland County Clerk Ruth Johnson as his running mate on August 14.[3]

General election

Candidates

Campaign

File:Betsy Devos.jpg
Dick DeVos' wife, Betsy, with a supporter at a campaign event in Houghton County.

After her first election as governor in 2002, Granholm was widely seen as a rising star in the Democratic Party. Her popularity dropped after she took office in 2003, largely due to a weak economy and high unemployment. In August 2006, her approval rating was 47 percent.[14]

DeVos, a multimillionaire, had developed substantial political contacts with the full participation of his wife, former Michigan Republican Party chair Betsy DeVos, despite which, fully 85% of the DeVos campaign's contributions were from DeVos' inheritance.[15] As the 2006 election approached, the DeVos family was listed among the biggest Republican campaign contributors in Michigan.[16] The DeVos campaign spent $42.5 million, at that time the most spent on a gubernatorial campaign in Michigan history. $35.5 million of that total came from DeVos' personal fortune, and was at that time the most spent personally by a Republican candidate running for governor. The Granholm campaign spent $15.7 million. The combined money spent by both campaigns made this election the most expensive gubernatorial election in Michigan history. As DeVos funded his campaign himself, he was not eligible for public funds.[17]

The DeVos and Campbell campaigns each made the state's economy their major issue. DeVos criticized the Single Business Tax, high unemployment, and job outsourcing which occurred during Granholm's first term; Campbell assailed the $12 billion taken from Michigan's taxpayers and appropriated to the military siege of Iraq (which he calls "Duh-bya's Folly") and advocated for a local currency, independent of the U.S. dollar which he and running mate David Skrbina say is in imminent jeopardy of collapse. Granholm countered that her policies saved thousands of jobs. She also attacked DeVos's partisanship, wealth, and tenure at Alticor. One of Granholm's most prominent lines of attack was the accusation that Alticor, under DeVos's tenure, outsourced thousands of jobs to China while cutting 1,400 jobs in Michigan, a charge that the DeVos campaign and numerous media factcheckers denied. DeVos, Campbell and Granholm criticized the Michigan Civil Rights Initiative which was exclusively supported by Creswell.[18][19] and passed by a wide margin.[20]

On August 25, 2006, Detroit Mayor Kwame Kilpatrick pledged to actively campaign for Granholm and utilize the campaign team which got him re-elected as mayor.[21] The Michigan Democratic Party held their state convention in city of Detroit at Cobo Hall while the Michigan Republican Party held their convention in the City of Novi in Oakland County at the new Rock Financial Showplace.

In October 2006, the Creswell campaign spent over $10,000 on radio advertising, which while small, was the most spent on a such advertising by any Michigan gubernatorial campaign outside the Democratic or Republican parties.[22][23] The largest investment was made in advertisements on Detroit AM Radio stations WJR and WXYT.[24] These commercials specifically targeted Devos and Granholm by referring to them as candidates of "The two old parties," and berating them for supporting state-supported preferences based on race and sex: A clear reference to MCRI.[25] Campbell spent less than $1,000,[26] as was the case with the Dashairya campaign.[27]

Debates

Granholm and Devos at an October 12 informal debate at the Detroit Economic Club
Granholm and Devos at an October 12 informal debate at the Detroit Economic Club

The DeVos and Granholm campaigns agreed to three televised debates and a single joint appearance. This agreement did not include any provision for participation by third-party candidates.[28] Granholm and DeVos appeared together October 12 at the Detroit Economic Club in which each candidate delivered their job plans, which was described as a debate at the event itself, even if it wasn't officially designated as such.[29]

WKAR-TV debate

The first debate occurred on October 2 at WKAR-TV in East Lansing.[30] Both candidates spent the hour trading charges and countercharges. Detroit News pollster Ed Sarpolus indicated that there was no clear winner in the debate, but Bill Rustem, senior vice president of the nonpartisan policy firm Public Sector Consultants in Lansing, favored Granholm.[31] The consensus of pundits Bill Ballenger, George Bullard, Kathy Barks Hoffman and Rick Albin and capital correspondent Tim Skubick, speaking on the October 6 WKAR-television program Off the Record,[32] was that both DeVos and Granholm emerged losers, losing 2 and 4 percentage points' support after the event. No major gaffes or zingers came out in the debate. Some of the positions were made clear on embryonic stem cell research [33] and abortion.[34] No major gaffes came out in the debate, but one minor zinger was made by Granholm about DeVos' investment in Alterra, a chain of nursing homes which sexually abused and neglected its patients.[35][36]

WOOD-TV debate

The second was October 10 at WOOD-TV in Grand Rapids. DeVos was more aggressive than before, declaring that Granholm had lied about him having a controlling stake in Alterra Health Care, an elder-care company that suppressed information about the abuse of residents by its employees.[37] According to SEC filings, DeVos and his investment partners jointly owned 40% of Alterra stock totalling $173 million.[38] The chairman of Alterra's board, while a close associate of DeVos, nevertheless maintains that DeVos had no part of running the company himself.[39]

DeVos also asserted that he had convinced President Bush to set a date to meet with the three major Michigan auto companies. Granholm responded that she didn't believe that was true. DeVos admitted after the debate that he misspoke; the President agreed to have a meeting at some point after the election, but did not confirm a date.[40] On October 24, two weeks after this debate was held, a mid-November date was set for the meeting.[41]

WXYZ-TV debate

The third televised debate was October 16 at WXYZ-TV in Southfield. Unlike the previous debates, this one had an invited studio audience of 30 undecided voters, some of whom asked questions to the participating candidates. Like the two previous debates, only two of the five candidates were admitted.[42][43] Granholm and DeVos sparred on various issues including college tuition, Canadian trash, business taxes, President Bush and negative ads,[44] while Creswell supporters picketed outside.[45][46][47][48]

During the opening statements of the third debate, Gov. Granholm attacked DeVos for using pictures of dead children as a campaign tool against her. However, it was later revealed that DeVos was not the person using the pictures, but supporters of him, who were cheering for him outside of the debate studio.

CMN-TV (of Troy) debate

On October 18 CMN-TV in Troy broadcast an additional debate.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". This debate was not covered by the agreement between the DeVos and Granholm campaigns.[28] It was the only televised debate to which all gubernatorial candidates were invited. It also was only the only televised debate in which the majority of gubernatorial candidates participated. This debate included Libertarian Gregory Creswell, Green Douglas Campbell, and U.S. Taxpayer Candidate Bhagwan Dashairya (Dashairya identified himself as a Constitution Party (listed on ballot as U.S. Taxpayers Party) candidate).[49][50][51] [1]

Predictions

Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[52] Template:USRaceRating November 6, 2006
Sabato's Crystal Ball[53] Template:USRaceRating November 6, 2006
Rothenberg Political Report[54] Template:USRaceRating November 2, 2006
Real Clear Politics[55] Template:USRaceRating November 6, 2006

Polling

DeVos, buoyed by the political ads he ran, led in the polls for most of the late spring and early summer. DeVos' lead eroded when Granholm started running ads; meanwhile, Granholm built up a lead as voters found out more about the candidates culminating in the three debates, and as political fortunes soured for Republicans across the country due to a massive backlash against then president George W. Bush and fatigue over the continuing War in Iraq.[56]

Source Date Granholm (D) DeVos (R) Creswell (L) Campbell (G) Dashairya (T)
EPIC-MRA[57] Nov 6, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|49% 42%
Strategic Vision[58] Nov 6, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|52% 42%
Mason-Dixon[59] Nov 5, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|52% 38% 0–2% 0–2% 0–2%
Survey USA[60] Nov 5, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|51% 45% 2% 1% 1%
Free Press-Local 4 Michigan Poll[61] Nov 5, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|54% 41%
EPIC-MRA[62] Nov 3, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|49% 42%
EPIC-MRA[63] Nov 2, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|52% 43%
Strategic Vision[64] Nov 2, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|50% 42%
EPIC-MRA[65] Oct 31, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|52% 42%
Zogby/WSJ[66] Oct 31, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|51.6% 42.7% 0–5.7% 0–5.7% 0–5.7%
EPIC-MRA[67] Oct 27, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|48% 43% 1% 1%
Research 2000[68] Oct 25, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|50% 40%
Survey USA[69] Oct 25, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|52% 45% 1% 1%
Rasmussen[70] Oct 25, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|53% 42%
Strategic Vision[71] Oct 24, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|47% 43%
Zogby/WSJ[66] Oct 19, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|50.6% 44.1%
Free Press-Local 4 Michigan Poll[72] Oct 15, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|49% 41%
EPIC-MRA[73](raw data)Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Oct 13, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|51% 42% 2%
Survey USA[74] Oct 9, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|50% 45% 1% 1% 1%
Rasmussen[75] Oct 8, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|49% 42%
EPIC-MRA[76] Oct 5, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|46% 40% 1% 1%
Zogby/WSJ[66] Sept 28, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|49.9% 40.8%
Strategic Vision[77] Sept 20, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|47% 46%
Survey USA[78] Sept 18, 2006 47% 47% 1% 2% 1%
EPIC-MRA[79] September 14, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|50% 42%
Zogby/WSJ[80] September 11, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|49.4% 44.0%
Rasmussen[81] September 7, 2006 46% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|48%
Free Press-Local 4 Michigan Poll[82] September 3, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|46% 44%
Strategic Vision[83] August 29, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|48% 43%
Zogby/WSJ[80] August 28, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|50.8% 43.6%
EPIC-MRA[84] August 23, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|49% 42% 3%
Survey USA[85] August 22, 2006 47% 47%
Rasmussen[86] August 16, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|47% 46%
EPIC-MRA[87] August 16, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|50% 47%
Survey USA[88] August 8, 2006 42% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|50% 6%
Rasmussen[89] August 1, 2006 42% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|48%
Strategic Vision[90] July 27, 2006 44% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|48%
EPIC-MRA[91] July 26, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|47% 44%
Zogby/WSJ[66] July 24, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|50.5% 44.4%
Free Press-Local 4 Michigan Poll[92] July 15, 2006 42% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|47%
Zogby/WSJ[66] June 21, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|48.1% 46.2%
EPIC-MRA[93] June 21, 2006 44% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|46%
Strategic Vision[94] June 21, 2006 41% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|48%
Rasmussen[95] June 14, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|44% 42%
EPIC-MRA[96] June 12, 2006 40% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|48%
Strategic Vision[97] May 24, 2006 42% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|45%
EPIC-MRA[98] May 11, 2006 45% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|46%
MRG of Lansing[99] May 1–9, 2006 43% style="background-color:Template:Republican Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|44%
Rasmussen[100] May 5, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|44% 43%
Strategic Vision[101] April 21, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|43% 42%
EPIC-MRA[102] April 11, 2006 43% 43%
Rasmussen[103] March 27, 2006 44% 44%
MRG of Lansing[104] March 22, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|43% 41%
Strategic Vision[105] March 15, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|50% 33%
EPIC-MRA[106] March 9, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|51% 41%
Rasmussen[107] Feb 14, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|44% 43%
EPIC-MRA[108] Feb 12, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|53% 36%
Strategic Vision[109] Feb 3, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|48% 34%
Rasmussen[110] Jan 20, 2006 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|49% 38%
Strategic Vision[111] Dec 22, 2005 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|46% 35%
Rasmussen[112] Dec 2, 2005 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|48% 36%
EPIC-MRA[113] Nov 29, 2005 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|58% 35%
Strategic Vision[114] Nov 21, 2005 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|44% 33%
EPIC-MRA[115] Oct 25, 2005 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|53% 30%
Strategic Vision[116] Oct 25, 2005 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|46% 35%
Strategic Vision[117] Sept 29, 2005 style="color:black;background-color:Template:Democratic Party (US)/meta/shading" align=center|47% 33%

Results

Template:Election box write-in with party link
2006 Michigan gubernatorial election[118]
Party Candidate Votes % <templatestyles src="Template:Tooltip/styles.css" />±%Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Script error: No such module "Political party". Jennifer Granholm (incumbent) Template:Replace 56.36% Script error: No such module "String".
Script error: No such module "Political party". Dick DeVos 1,608,086 42.30% Script error: No such module "String".
Script error: No such module "Political party". Greg Creswell 23,524 0.62%
Script error: No such module "Political party". Douglas Campbell 20,009 0.53% Script error: No such module "String".
Script error: No such module "Political party". Bhagwan Dashairya 7,087 0.19% Script error: No such module "String".
Majority 534,427 14.06% Script error: No such module "String".
Turnout 3,801,256 Script error: No such module "String".
Script error: No such module "Political party". hold Swing

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Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Land, Terri (Secretary of State). "Election Results GENERAL ELECTION November 07, 2006 (Governor 4 Year Term (1) Position)" Script error: No such module "webarchive".. mi.gov (website).
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ WOOD-TV,"DeVos chooses Ruth Johnson as running mate"Script error: No such module "Unsubst".. "woodtv.com" (website)
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b Land, Terri (Secretary of State)."2006 Official Michigan General Candidate Listing" Script error: No such module "webarchive".. http://mi.gov/sos (website).
  7. ↑ The Constitution Party was founded as the U.S. Taxpayers' Party in 1992. The national party's name was changed to the Constitution Party in 1999.
  8. ↑ U.S. Taxpayers and Constitution Party of Michigan. "Gubernatorial Debate – Part II Bhagwan (Bob) Dashairya Enters Michigan Governor's Race " Script error: No such module "webarchive".. ustaxpayersandconstitutionpartymi.com (website).
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Green Party of Michigan "Green Party of Michigan State Membership Meeting May 20th & 21st 2006, in Boyne City" Script error: No such module "webarchive".. "migreens.org" (website)
  12. ↑ Greens, US. "Green Party Speakers Bureau". gp.org (website).
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Land, Terri Lynn (Michigan Secretary of State). " Campaign Finance Disclosure" Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Creswell, Gregory "Equal Means Equal" Script error: No such module "webarchive".. lpwm.org (website).
  19. ↑ Creswell, Gregory "campaign site" Script error: No such module "webarchive".. "gregcreswell.org" (website).
  20. ↑ Land, Terri (Secretary of State)."State Proposal – 06-2: Constitutional Amendment: Ban Affirmative Action Programs" Script error: No such module "webarchive".. mi.gov (website).
  21. ↑ Detnews.com | This article is no longer available online
  22. ↑ http://miboecfr.nicusa.com/cfr/dumpimages/2784121.pdf Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  23. ↑ Land, Terri (Secretary of State)."Gubernatorial Committee Search" Script error: No such module "webarchive".. "mi.gov" (website)
  24. ↑ http://miboecfr.nicusa.com/cfr/dumpimages/2805101.pdf Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  25. ↑ Creswell, Gregory "Radio Commercial In Use" Script error: No such module "webarchive".. "gregcreswell.lpwm.org" (website)
  26. ↑ http://miboecfr.nicusa.com/cfr/dumpimages/2743511.pdf Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  27. ↑ http://miboecfr.nicusa.com/cfr/dumpimages/2802601.pdf Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  28. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061003/POLITICS01/610030400 Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061004/POLITICS01/610040369 Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061025/AUTO01/610250385 Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ US Taxpayers & Constitution Party of Michigan Constitution / US Taxpayers Party Website Script error: No such module "webarchive".. "ustaxpayersandconstitutionpartymi.com" (website)
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  57. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  58. ↑ Strategic Vision
  59. ↑ Mason-Dixon
  60. ↑ Survey USA
  61. ↑ Free Press-Local 4 Michigan Poll
  62. ↑ EPIC-MRA Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  63. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  64. ↑ Strategic Vision
  65. ↑ EPIC-MRA Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  66. ↑ a b c d e Zogby/WSJ
  67. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  68. ↑ Research 2000
  69. ↑ Survey USA
  70. ↑ Rasmussen
  71. ↑ Strategic Vision
  72. ↑ Free Press-Local 4 Michigan Poll Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  73. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  74. ↑ Survey USA
  75. ↑ Rasmussen
  76. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  77. ↑ Strategic Vision
  78. ↑ Survey USA
  79. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  80. ↑ a b Zogby/WSJ
  81. ↑ Rasmussen
  82. ↑ Free Press-Local 4 Michigan Poll Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  83. ↑ Strategic Vision
  84. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  85. ↑ Survey USA
  86. ↑ Rasmussen
  87. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  88. ↑ Survey USA
  89. ↑ Rasmussen Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  90. ↑ Strategic Vision
  91. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  92. ↑ Free Press-Local 4 Michigan Poll Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  93. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  94. ↑ Strategic Vision
  95. ↑ Rasmussen
  96. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  97. ↑ Strategic Vision
  98. ↑ EPIC-MRA Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  99. ↑ MRG of Lansing
  100. ↑ Rasmussen
  101. ↑ Strategic Vision
  102. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  103. ↑ Rasmussen Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  104. ↑ MRG of Lansing Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  105. ↑ Strategic Vision
  106. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  107. ↑ Rasmussen
  108. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  109. ↑ Strategic Vision
  110. ↑ Rasmussen
  111. ↑ Strategic Vision
  112. ↑ Rasmussen Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  113. ↑ EPIC-MRA Script error: No such module "webarchive".
  114. ↑ Strategic Vision
  115. ↑ EPIC-MRA
  116. ↑ Strategic Vision
  117. ↑ Strategic Vision
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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