Copper(I) bromide
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Copper(I) bromide is the chemical compound with the formula CuBr. This white diamagnetic solid adopts a polymeric structure akin to that for zinc sulfide. The compound is widely used in the synthesis of organic compounds and as a lasing medium in copper bromide lasers.
Preparation, basic properties, structure
The compound is white, although samples are often colored due to the presence of copper(II) impurities.[3] The copper(I) ion also oxidizes easily in air. It is commonly prepared by the reduction of cupric salts with sulfite in the presence of bromide.[4] For example, the reduction of copper(II) bromide with sulfite yields copper(I) bromide and hydrogen bromide:
- 2 CuBr2 + H2O + Template:Chem/link → 2 CuBr + Template:Chem/link + 2 HBr
CuBr is insoluble in most solvents due to its polymeric structure, which features four-coordinated, tetrahedral Cu centers interconnected by bromide ligands (ZnS structure). Upon treatment with Lewis bases, CuBr converts to molecular adducts. For example, with dimethyl sulfide, the colorless complex is formed:[5]
- CuBr + S(CH3)2 → CuBr(S(CH3)2)
In this coordination complex, the copper is two-coordinate, with a linear geometry. Other soft ligands afford related complexes. For example, triphenylphosphine gives CuBr(P(C6H5)3), although this species has a more complex structure. Thermal excitation of copper(I) bromide vapour yields a blue-violet emission which is of greater saturation than known copper(I) chloride emission.[6] Copper(I) bromide is hence an advantageous emitter in pyrotechnic flames.
Applications in organic chemistry
In the Sandmeyer reaction, CuBr is employed to convert diazonium salts into the corresponding aryl bromides:[4]
- Template:Chem/link + CuBr → ArBr + N2 + Cu+
The aforementioned complex CuBr(S(CH3)2) is widely used to generate organocopper reagents.[5] Related CuBr complexes are catalysts for atom transfer radical polymerization and copper-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative couplings (CDC).
See also
References
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- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ a b This report gives a procedure for generating CuBr: Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".; Script error: No such module "citation/CS1"..
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External links
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