Crimea Medal

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File:Crimea Medal, unofficial French bar 'Traktir'.png
Crimea Medal with unofficial French bar Traktir

The Crimea Medal was a campaign medal approved on 15 December 1854, for issue to officers and men of British units (land and naval) which fought in the Crimean War of 1854–1856 against Russia. The medal was awarded with the British version of the Turkish Crimea Medal, but when a consignment of these was lost at sea, some troops received the Sardinian version.[1]

Design

The medal consists of a Script error: No such module "convert". silver disc with, on the obverse, the diademed head of Queen Victoria and the legend VICTORIA REGINA with the date 1854 below. The reverse has a depiction of a standing Roman warrior about to receive a laurel crown from a flying figure of victory, the word CRIMEA appearing on the left.
The medal is notable for its unusually ornate clasps. Each is in the form of an oak leaf with an acorn at each end, a style not used on any other British medal. The ornate, floriated, swivelling suspender is also unique to the Crimea Medal.[1]
The Script error: No such module "convert". wide ribbonTemplate:Sfn is pale blue with yellow edges.Template:Sfn

Most medals were issued unnamed, but could be returned for naming free of charge – impressed on the rim in block Roman capitals, in the same style as the Military General Service Medal – while some recipients had their medals privately engraved.Template:Sfn

Clasps and eligibility

Five clasps were authorised:Template:Sfn

  • Alma – for the battle of 20 September 1854.
  • Balaklava – for the battle of 25 October 1854.
  • Inkerman – for the battle of 5 November 1854.
  • Sebastopol – for the siege that lasted from 11 September 1854 to 9 September 1855.
    Anyone who received the Balaklava or Inkerman clasps was also awarded this clasp.[2]
  • Azoff – for the Naval expedition in the Sea of Azoff from 25 May to 22 September 1855. It was awarded only to Royal Navy personnel.

The Alma and Inkerman clasps were authorised in December 1854 at the same time as the medal, with that for Balaklava on 23 February 1855, Sebastopol on 13 October 1855Template:Sfn and Azoff on 2 May 1856.Azoff.[3] No person received more than four clasps.

The medal was awarded to the next of kin of those who died during the campaign.[4]

Troops who landed in the Crimea after 9 September 1855, the day Sebastopol fell, did not receive the medal unless they had been engaged against the enemy after that date.[5]

The medal was issued to Turkish,[6] and to a limited number of French forces who served in the Crimea,Template:Sfn unofficial French clasps being sometimes added in addition to the British clasps, including:Template:Sfn

  • Tchernaia – for the battle of August 16, 1855.
  • Traktir – alternate clasp for the bars the Battle of the Tchernaia.
  • Mer d'Azoff – for the Navy missions in the Sea of Azoff from 25 May to 22 November 1855.
  • Malakof – for the battle of 8 September 1855.

Influences

The unique design has influenced other medals.

File:1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War medal front.jpg
1904-05 Russo-Japanese War Medal, based on Crimea Medal
File:Australian Cadet Service Medal on dpcu.jpg
Australian Cadet Service Medal, designed by Benjamin Bishop

The suspender and the clasp of the Crimea Medal inspired the 2020 design of the unofficial Australian Cadet Service Medal awarded to Australian Defence Force cadets (ADFC) for service to communities.[7]

This suspension bar design of many Japanese military medals during the late 1800s to mid 1900s was closely based on the Crimea Medal. The medals using this design include:

See also

File:Punch Magazine, Crimean War cartoon.jpg
Cartoon from Punch magazine titled Patient Heroes. The caption reads:
Well Jack! Here's good news from home. We are going to have a medal.
That’s very kind. Maybe one of these days we'll have a coat to stick it on!
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".In December 1854, when the medal was sanctioned, there was widespread criticism in Britain that the troops were not receiving winter supplies, including warm clothing.[8]

Notes

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  1. ↑ a b Christodoulou , Glenn, Medals of the Crimean War - Crimean War Research Society (1985)
  2. ↑ The Crimean War Medal
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "London Gazette util".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "London Gazette util".
  5. ↑ Medals and Their History, W. A. Steward 1915, page 152
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "London Gazette util".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Bibliography

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External links

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