United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox U.S. federal court

The United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (in case citations, 7th Cir.) is the U.S. federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the courts in the following districts:

The court is based at the Dirksen Federal Building in Chicago and is composed of eleven appellate judges. It is one of 13 United States courts of appeals.

The court offers a relatively unique internet presence that includes wiki and RSS feeds of opinions and oral arguments.[1] It is also notable for having one of the most prominent law and economics scholars, Judge Frank Easterbrook, on its court.[2] Richard Posner, another prominent law and economics scholar, also served on this court until his retirement in 2017.[3] Three judges from the Seventh Circuit, Sherman Minton, John Paul Stevens, and Amy Coney Barrett, have been appointed as Associate Justices of the Supreme Court.

File:Dirksen Federal Building.jpg
The Dirksen Federal Building, seat of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.

Current composition of the court

Template:As of:

# Title Judge Duty station Born Term of service Appointed by
Active Chief Senior
53 Chief Judge Diane S. Sykes Milwaukee, WI 1957 2004–present 2020–present — Template:Sort
45 Circuit Judge Frank Easterbrook Chicago, IL 1948 1985–present 2006–2013 — Template:Sort
57 Circuit Judge Michael B. Brennan Milwaukee, WI 1963 2018–present — — Template:Sort
58 Circuit Judge Michael Y. Scudder Chicago, IL 1971 2018–present — — Template:Sort
59 Circuit Judge Amy St. Eve Chicago, IL 1965 2018–present — — Template:Sort
60 Circuit Judge Thomas Kirsch Hammond, IN 1974 2020–present — — Template:Sort
61 Circuit Judge Candace Jackson-Akiwumi Chicago, IL 1979 2021–present — — Template:Sort
62 Circuit Judge John Z. Lee Chicago, IL 1968 2022–present — — Template:Sort
63 Circuit Judge Doris Pryor Indianapolis, IN 1977 2022–present — — Template:Sort
64 Circuit Judge Joshua P. Kolar Hammond, IN 1976 2024–present — — Template:Sort
65 Circuit Judge Nancy L. Maldonado Chicago, IL 1975 2024–present — — Template:Sort
38 Senior Circuit Judge William J. Bauer inactive 1926 1974–1994 1986–1993 1994–present Template:Sort
46 Senior Circuit Judge Kenneth Francis Ripple South Bend, IN 1943 1985–2008 — 2008–present Template:Sort
49 Senior Circuit Judge Ilana Rovner Chicago, IL 1938 1992–2024 — 2024–present Template:Sort
55 Senior Circuit Judge David Hamilton Bloomington, IN 1957 2009–2022 — 2022–present Template:Sort

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Vacancies and pending nominations

Seat Prior Judge's Duty Station Seat last held by Vacancy reason Date of vacancy Nominee Date of nomination
1 Milwaukee, WI Diane S. Sykes Senior status October 1, 2025[4] Template:Sort Template:Sort

List of former judges

# Judge State Born–died Active service Chief Judge Senior status Appointed by Reason for
termination
1 Template:Sortname IN 1832–1895 1891–1893 — — Template:Sortname / Operation of law[5] resignation
2 Template:Sortname IN 1837–1901 1892–1901 — — Template:Sortname death
3 Template:Sortname WI 1834–1921 1893–1905 — — Template:Sortname retirement
4 Template:Sortname IL 1844–1898 1895–1898 — — Template:Sortname death
5 Template:Sortname IL 1852–1921 1899–1911 — — Template:Sortname resignation
6 Template:Sortname IN 1860–1924 1902–1924 — — Template:Sortname death
7 Template:Sortname WI 1842–1915 1905–1915 — — Template:Sortname death
8 Template:Sortname IL 1844–1918 1905–1918 — — Template:Sortname death
9 Template:Sortname IL 1866–1943 1911–1929 — — [6] reassigned to the 6th Circuit
10 Template:Sortname[7] IL 1859–1939 1915–1936 — 1936–1939 Template:Sortname death
11 Template:Sortname WI 1876–1948 1916–1948 — — Template:Sortname death
12 Template:Sortname IL 1859–1941 1919–1930 — 1930–1941 Template:Sortname death
13 Template:Sortname IN 1857–1938 1925–1929 — 1929–1938 Template:Sortname death
14 Template:Sortname IN 1872–1950 1929–1948 1948 1948–1950 Template:Sortname death
15 Template:Sortname IL 1870–1935 1933–1935 — — Template:Sortname death
16 Template:Sortname IL 1887–1972 1937–1956 1948–1954 1956–1972 Template:Sortname death
17 Template:Sortname IN 1883–1941 1937–1941 — — Template:Sortname death
18 Template:Sortname[7] IL 1884–1952 1938–1952 — — Template:Sortname death
19 Template:Sortname IN 1890–1965 1941–1949 — — Template:Sortname elevation to Supreme Court
20 Template:Sortname WI 1888–1979 1949–1966 1954–1959 1966–1979 Template:Sortname death
21 Template:Sortname IL 1886–1959 1949–1959 — — Template:Sortname death
22 Template:Sortname IL 1880–1958 1949–1958 — — Template:Sortname death
23 Template:Sortname[7] IN 1880–1957 1949–1957 — — Template:Sortname death
24 Template:Sortname[7] IL 1889–1968 1953–1968 — — Template:Sortname death
25 Template:Sortname IN 1898–1977 1957–1969 1959–1968 1969–1977 Template:Sortname death
26 Template:Sortname IN 1902–1959 1957–1959 — — Template:Sortname death
27 Template:Sortname IL 1895–1983 1958–1967 — 1967–1983 Template:Sortname death
28 Template:Sortname IL 1900–1986 1959–1970 1968–1970 1970–1986 Template:Sortname death
29 Template:Sortname IL 1900–1974 1961–1974 — 1974 Template:Sortname death
30 Template:Sortname IN 1905–1988 1961–1981 1970–1975 1981–1988 Template:Sortname death
31 Template:Sortname WI 1912–2007 1966–1981 1975–1981 1981–2007 Template:Sortname death
32 Template:Sortname IL 1916–1999 1966–1999 1981–1986 — Template:Sortname death
33 Template:Sortname IL 1908–1976 1968–1974 — — Template:Sortname resignation
34 Template:Sortname IN 1915–2000 1970–1984 — 1984–2000 Template:Sortname death
35 Template:Sortname IL 1920–2019 1970–1975 — — Template:Sortname elevation to Supreme Court
36 Template:Sortname IL 1917–1982 1971–1982 — — Template:Sortname death
37 Template:Sortname IL 1923–2001 1974–1980 — — Template:Sortname resignation
39 Template:Sortname IL 1920–2008 1976–1992 — 1992–2008 Template:Sortname death
40 Template:Sortname WI 1926–2015 1979–1994 — 1994–2015 Template:Sortname death
41 Template:Sortname IN 1920–2005 1981–1985 — 1985–2005 Template:Sortname death
42 Template:Sortname IL 1939–present 1981–2017 1993–2000 — Template:Sortname retirement
43 Template:Sortname WI 1922–2012 1982–2004 — 2004–2012 Template:Sortname death
44 Template:Sortname IL 1936–2024 1983–2020 2000–2006 2020–2024 Template:Sortname death
47 Template:Sortname IN 1942–2024 1986–2007 — 2007–2024 Template:Sortname death
48 Template:Sortname IN 1938–2022 1987–2022 — — Template:Sortname death
50 Template:Sortname IL 1950–present 1995–2022 2013–2020 2022–2024 Template:Sortname retirement
51 Template:Sortname WI 1940–2011 1995–2010 — 2010–2011 Template:Sortname death
52 Template:Sortname IL 1949–present 1999–2017 — 2017–2018 Template:Sortname retirement
54 Template:Sortname IN 1950–present 2007–2015 — 2015 Template:Sortname retirement
56 Template:Sortname IN 1972–present 2017–2020 — — Template:Sortname elevation to Supreme Court

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Chief judges

Chief Judge
Sparks 1948
Major 1948–1954
Duffy 1954–1959
Hastings 1959–1968
Castle 1968–1970
Swygert 1970–1975
Fairchild 1975–1981
Cummings, Jr. 1981–1986
Bauer 1986–1993
Posner 1993–2000
Flaum 2000–2006
Easterbrook 2006–2013
D. Wood 2013–2020
Sykes 2020–present

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Chief judges have administrative responsibilities with respect to their circuits, and preside over any panel on which they serve, unless the circuit justice (the Supreme Court justice responsible for the circuit) is also on the panel. Unlike the Supreme Court, where one justice is specifically nominated to be chief, the office of chief judge rotates among the circuit judges.

To be chief, a judge must have been in active service on the court for at least one year, be under the age of 65, and have not previously served as chief judge. A vacancy is filled by the judge highest in seniority among the group of qualified judges, with seniority determined first by commission date, then by age. The chief judge serves for a term of seven years, or until age 70, whichever occurs first. If no judge qualifies to be chief, the youngest judge over the age of 65 who has served on the court for at least one year shall act as chief until another judge qualifies. If no judge has served on the court for more than a year, the most senior judge shall act as chief. Judges can forfeit or resign their chief judgeship or acting chief judgeship while retaining their active status as a circuit judge.[8]

When the office was created in 1948, the chief judge was the longest-serving judge who had not elected to retire, on what has since 1958 been known as senior status, or declined to serve as chief judge. After August 6, 1959, judges could not become or remain chief after turning 70 years old. The current rules have been in operation since October 1, 1982.[9]

Succession of seats

The court has eleven seats for active judges, numbered in the order in which they were initially filled. Judges who assume senior status enter a kind of retirement in which they remain on the bench but vacate their seats, thus allowing the U.S. President to appoint new judges to fill their seats.

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See also

References

Template:Reflist

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    • primary but incomplete source for the duty stations
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    • secondary source for the duty stations
    • data is current to 2002
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    • source for the state, lifetime, term of active judgeship, term of chief judgeship, term of senior judgeship, appointer, termination reason, and seat information

External links

Template:Wikisource index

Template:United States courts of appeals judges Template:United States 7th Circuit district judges Template:United States 7th Circuit senior district judges Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ Seventh Circuit Opinions. The Seventh Circuit is now joined by the Courts of Appeals for the First, Second, Fourth, Ninth, DC, and Federal Circuits in having RSS feeds of their opinions.
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Gresham was appointed as a circuit judge for the Seventh Circuit in 1884 by Chester A. Arthur. The Judiciary Act of 1891 reassigned his seat to what is now the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.
  6. ↑ Mack did not have a permanent seat on this court. Instead, he was appointed to the ill-fated United States Commerce Court in 1910 by William Howard Taft. Aside from their duties on the Commerce Court, the judges of the Commerce Court also acted as at-large appellate judges, able to be assigned by the Chief Justice of the United States to whichever circuit most needed help. Mack was assigned to the Seventh Circuit upon his commission.
  7. ↑ a b c d Recess appointment, later confirmed by the United States Senate.
  8. ↑ 28 U.S.C. Template:Trim/Template:Trim § Template:Trim
  9. ↑ 62 Stat. 871, 72 Stat. 497, 96 Stat. 51
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