Commelinids
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In plant taxonomy, commelinids (originally commelinoids[1][2]) is a clade of flowering plants within the monocots, distinguished by having cell walls containing ferulic acid.Template:Sfn[3] Well-known commelinids include palms and relatives (order Arecales), dayflowers, spiderworts, kangaroo paws, and water hyacinth (order Commelinales), grasses, bromeliads, rushes, and sedges (order Poales), ginger, cardamom, turmeric, galangal, bananas, plantains, and bird of paradise flower (order Zingiberales).Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
The commelinids are the only clade that the APG IV system has informally named within the monocots. The remaining monocots are a paraphyletic unit. Also known as the commelinid monocots it forms one of three groupings within the monocots, and the final branch; the other two groups are the alismatid monocots and the lilioid monocots.
Description
Members of the commelinid clade have cell walls containing UV-fluorescent ferulic acid.Template:Sfn[3]
Taxonomy and Phylogeny
The commelinids constitute a well-supported clade within the monocots,[4] and this clade has been recognized in all four APG classification systems. It consists of four orders:
- Arecales (palms)
- Commelinales (spiderwort, water hyacinth)
- Poales (grasses, rushes, bromeliads)
- Zingiberales (gingers, banana)
| Script error: No such module "anchor".Phylogenetic tree showing position of the commelinids within the monocotsTemplate:Sfn |
As of APG IV (2016) the family Dasypogonaceae is no longer directly placed under commelinids but instead a family of order Arecales.Template:Sfn
Historical Taxonomy
The commelinids were first recognized as a formal group in 1967 by Armen Takhtajan, who named them the Commelinidae and assigned them to a subclass of Liliopsida (monocots).[5] The name was also used in the 1981 Cronquist system. However, by the release of his 1980 system of classification, Takhtajan had merged this subclass into a larger one, and no longer considered it to be a clade.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Takhtajan system
The Takhtajan system treated this as one of six subclasses within the class Liliopsida (=monocotyledons). It consisted of the following:Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Script error: No such module "Indent".subclass Commelinidae Script error: No such module "Indent".superorder Bromelianae Script error: No such module "Indent".order Bromeliales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Velloziales Script error: No such module "Indent".superorder Pontederianae Script error: No such module "Indent".order Philydrales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Pontederiales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Haemodorales Script error: No such module "Indent".superorder Zingiberanae Script error: No such module "Indent".order Musales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Lowiales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Zingiberales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Cannales Script error: No such module "Indent".superorder Commelinanae Script error: No such module "Indent".order Commelinales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Mayacales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Xyridales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Rapateales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Eriocaulales Script error: No such module "Indent".superorder Hydatellanae Script error: No such module "Indent".order Hydatellales Script error: No such module "Indent".superorder Juncanae Script error: No such module "Indent".order Juncales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Cyperales Script error: No such module "Indent".superorder Poanae Script error: No such module "Indent".order Flagellariales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Restionales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Centrolepidales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Poales
Cronquist system
The Cronquist system treated this as one of four subclasses within the class Liliopsida. It consisted of the following:Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Script error: No such module "Indent".subclass Commelinidae Script error: No such module "Indent".order Commelinales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Eriocaulales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Restionales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Juncales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Cyperales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Hydatellales Script error: No such module "Indent".order Typhales
APG system
The APG II system does not use formal botanical names above the rank of order; most of the members were assigned to the clade commelinids in the monocots (its predecessor, the APG system used the clade commelinoids).[6][7]
See also
References
Bibliography
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External links
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAPG I - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedAPG II - ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedDahlgren 1983 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedCantino 2007 - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedTakhtajan 1967 - ↑ http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/ the official APG website
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".