Columbia, Mississippi

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History

Template:Refimprove section Columbia is the county seat of Marion County, which was created out of Amite County in 1811, encompassing the southwest quarter of the current state of Mississippi. Before statehood in 1816, there were three territorial census/poll tax records taken of what was deemed Marion County at the time. These records reveal that during 1813, several Lott men arrived and settled on the Pearl River in what is now Columbia. In 1813, William Lott was the largest slave holder near present-day Columbia, owning 28 people. There were five men, who settled south of present-day Columbia on Script error: No such module "convert". of land with 65 enslaved people. North of present-day Columbia, on what was the earliest attempt at a town, was Timothy Terrell on Script error: No such module "convert". with 32 slaves.

The land on which the current city of Columbia resides was first purchased for cash on April 18, 1820, by William Lott and John Lott. This land is Township 3 East, Range 18 West, Section 5 (640 acres), which is now the center of Columbia. Other early patent holders of Columbia include James Phillips, Jr., and John Cooper (1825), in Section 4 next to John and William Lott.[3][4]

Columbia was officially incorporated on June 25, 1819, becoming the fourth municipality in the state of Mississippi. It served as the temporary capital of Mississippi from November 1821, when the 5th session of the Mississippi Legislature first met there, until 1822. In that year, a special session of the legislature met in Columbia, inaugurating Governor Walter Leake, and selecting LeFleur's Bluff (now Jackson) as the permanent capital.

Columbia, "The City of Charm on the River Pearl", has always been in danger of flooding, due to its bordering the Pearl River. The county courthouse, with its records dating back to pre-statehood, has managed to survive war, floods, tornadoes and hurricanes. In its first 100 years, Columbia relied on the Pearl River for transportation of goods. The river was much deeper and wider than it is now. Steamboat captains, such as John Black, lived in Columbia.[5]

During the Civil War, Union troops under the command of General John Wynn Davidson camped outside Columbia, taking provisions from the local population. The courthouse was spared. The Southern Claims Commission Files detail these events.[6]

In 1935, Mississippi's first rodeo was held in Columbia. In 2016, the Mississippi Rodeo Hall of Fame was founded and headquartered in Columbia.

During the civil rights movement, Columbia and Marion County were the site of peaceful demonstrations, due to the diligent insistence of non-violence by Sheriff John Homer Willoughby. The town is known for its citizens ability to work together.[7]

In 2005, Columbia suffered extensive damage from Hurricane Katrina. Once again, the courthouse survived. There was very limited looting, and citizens worked together with local churches, civic officials, and law enforcement to provide for citizens during the extensive power loss. Individuals immediately began helping their neighbors clear roads and escape being trapped in debris.

The day after Hurricane Katrina struck, several inmates took advantage of the storm damage and escaped from the Marion County Jail (some of whom had been charged with murder). Marion County deputies along with the help of the Mississippi National Guard and Kentucky State Police, captured all but one escapee, who was later apprehended in Texas just before he could get to the Mexican border.

Former Mississippi governor and Columbia native Hugh L. White introduced white squirrels to the area, and they are still common in Columbia City Park. White's home still stands today, a stately reminder of architecture of the past.

In 2014, a tornado measuring EF3 on the Enhanced Fujita scale struck Columbia, causing widespread damage.[8] Mutual aid took place between Columbia, Mississippi, and Columbia, South Carolina, following this natural disaster and the 1,000 year flood in South Carolina,[9]

Geography

Columbia is in southern Mississippi, on the east bank of the Pearl River. It is in north-central Marion County, Script error: No such module "convert". by highway south of Jackson, the state capital, and Script error: No such module "convert". north of New Orleans. U.S. Route 98 passes through the south side of the city, leading east Script error: No such module "convert". to Hattiesburg and west Script error: No such module "convert". to McComb. Mississippi Highway 13 passes through the center of Columbia, leading north Script error: No such module "convert". to Prentiss and southeast Script error: No such module "convert". to Lumberton. State Highway 44 leads northeast from Columbia Script error: No such module "convert". to Sumrall.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city of Columbia has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert"., or 0.06%, are water.[10]

Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Columbia has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Columbia was Script error: No such module "convert". on June 7, 1915, while the coldest temperature recorded was Script error: No such module "convert". on January 11, 1982 and January 21, 1985.[11]

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Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
187066—
1900507—
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19202,826Script error: No such module "String".%
19304,833Script error: No such module "String".%
19406,064Script error: No such module "String".%
19506,124Script error: No such module "String".%
19607,117Script error: No such module "String".%
19707,587Script error: No such module "String".%
19807,733Script error: No such module "String".%
19906,815Script error: No such module "String".%
20006,603Script error: No such module "String".%
20106,582Script error: No such module "String".%
20205,864Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]

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Columbia racial composition as of 2020[13]
Race Num. Perc.
White (non-Hispanic) 3,042 51.88%
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) 2,483 42.34%
Native American 15 0.26%
Asian 26 0.44%
Other/Mixed 154 2.63%
Hispanic or Latino 144 2.46%

As of the 2020 United States census, there were 5,864 people, 2,080 households, and 1,155 families residing in the city.

Government and infrastructure

The Mississippi Department of Human Services's Division of Youth Services operated the Columbia Training School in unincorporated Marion County, near Columbia.[14][15]

The mayor of Columbia is Justin McKenzie.[16]

Education

File:Columbia High School MS.jpg
Columbia High School

Almost all of the city of Columbia is within the Columbia School District,[17] with Columbia High School as the public high school. Prior to January 1970, black students were educated in a separate system with sub-par facilities, including John J. Jefferson High school, which became the middle school in January 1970 when the schools were integrated. White politicians called for a public boycott of the school system.[18] At that time, around 100 white students left the public school system to attend the newly founded whites-only Columbia Academy, which was created in September 1969 as a segregation academy to avoid racial integration.[19] A few students also left to attend Improve Academy, another segregation academy founded by the Improve Baptist Church.[20]

A small portion of the city limits is within the Marion County School District.[17] There are also two other public schools that are in the county, East Marion High School and West Marion High School. Both of these schools are under the Marion County School District. East Marion High school is located just outside of the Columbia city limits on the East side of the Pearl River, and it has a Columbia postal address, while West Marion is located on the West side of the Pearl River next to Foxworth. East Marion is one largely connected building that houses grades K-12, but West Marion has a primary school as well as a high school.

Marion County is in the service area of Pearl River Community College.[21]

Notable people

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  3. ↑ Mississippi State and Territorial Census
  4. ↑ Bureau of Land Management
  5. ↑ 1880 US Federal Census, Columbia, Marion Co, MS
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Columbian-Progress newspaper, 1960-1964,
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ "Resolution R-2016-053 To Honor the City of Columbia, Mississippi With Official Sisterhood for its Assistance during the October 2015 Flood" (PDF). City of Columbia SC. August 16, 2016.
  10. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  11. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ "Columbia city, Mississippi Template:Webarchive." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on July 21, 2010.
  15. ↑ "Public Appearance Calendar Governor Ronnie Musgrove For the Week of December 31, 2001 Template:Webarchive." Mississippi Department of Archives and History. Retrieved on July 21, 2010. "Columbia Training School 1730 Highway 44 Columbia, MS."
  16. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  17. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". - Text list
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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External links

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