Cobalt(II,III) oxide
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| Template:Longitem | Co3O4 CoO.Co2O3 |
| Molar mass | 240.80 g/mol |
| Appearance | black solid |
| Density | 6.07 g/cm3[2] |
| Melting point | Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures |
| Boiling point | Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures |
| Solubility | soluble (with degradation) in acids and alkalis |
| Template:Longitem | +7380·10−6 cm3/mol |
| Template:Longitem | cubic |
| Template:Longitem | Fd3m, No. 227[3] |
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Cobalt(II,III) oxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Co3O4. It is one of two well characterized cobalt oxides. It is a black antiferromagnetic solid. As a mixed valence compound, its formula is sometimes written as CoIICoIII2O4 and sometimes as CoO•Co2O3.[4]
Structure
Co3O4 adopts the normal spinel structure, with Co2+ ions in tetrahedral interstices and Co3+ ions in the octahedral interstices of the cubic close-packed lattice of oxide anions.[4]
| File:Cobalt(II,III)-oxide-xtal-2006-Co(II)-coord-CM-3D-balls.png | File:Cobalt(II,III)-oxide-xtal-2006-Co(III)-coord-CM-3D-balls.png | File:Cobalt(II,III)-oxide-xtal-2006-O-coord-CM-3D-balls.png |
| tetrahedral coordination geometry of Co(II) | distorted octahedral coordination geometry of Co(III) | distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry of O |
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Synthesis
Cobalt(II) oxide, CoO, converts to Co3O4 upon heating at around 600–700 °C in air.[4] Above 900 °C, CoO is stable.[4][5] These reactions are described by the following equilibrium:
- 2 Co3O4 ⇌ 6 CoO + O2
Applications
Cobalt(II,III) oxide is used as a blue coloring agent for pottery enamel and glass, as an alternative to cobalt(II) oxide.[6]
Cobalt(II,III) oxide is used as an electrode in some lithium-ion batteries, possibly in the form of cobalt oxide nanoparticles.
Safety
Cobalt compounds are potentially poisonous in large amounts.[7]
See also
References
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- ↑ Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. Edited by G. Brauer, Academic Press, 1963, NY. p. 1520.
- ↑ Frank Hamer, Janet Hamer (2004): The Potter's Dictionary of Materials and Techniques. University of Pennsylvania Press; 437 pp. Template:ISBN
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