Clay County, Minnesota

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Clay County is a county in the U.S. state of Minnesota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 65,318,[1] and was estimated to be 66,848 in 2024,[2] Its county seat is Moorhead.[3]

Clay County is part of the Fargo, ND-MN Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

Breckenridge County was created on March 18, 1858.[4] Clay County was established on November 2, 1860 as Breckinridge County and named for John C. Breckinridge, vice president of the United States from 1857 to 1861. After the Civil War began, Breckinridge joined the Confederate Army and in March 1862 the state Legislature replaced the name of Breckinridge with that of Henry Clay (1777–1852), who like Breckinridge was from Lexington, Ky., and was known "The Great Pacificator" or "The Great Compromiser" who helped head off civil war at least twice. The county's government was not organized until 1872, after the Northern Pacific Railway reached the area and settlement accelerated.[5]

Geography

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Clay County lies on the western side of Minnesota. Its western boundary line abuts the eastern boundary line of the state of North Dakota (across the Red River). The Red River flows northward along the western boundary line of the county, on its way to the Hudson Bay in Canada. The Buffalo River flows west-northwesterly through the center of the county, joined by the South Branch Buffalo River west of Glyndon, before discharging into the Red on the county's western border near Georgetown. The terrain consists of rolling hills, dotted with lakes and ponds in its eastern portion.[7] The terrain slopes to the west and north, with its highest point near the southeastern corner, at Script error: No such module "convert". ASL.[8]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (0.71%) is water.[9] It is the 19th largest county in Minnesota by total area.

Major highways

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Transit

Adjacent counties

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Protected areas

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  • Aspen State Wildlife Management Area
  • Bjornson State Wildlife Management Area
  • Bluestone Prairie Scientific and Natural Area
  • Clay County State Wildlife Management Area
  • Cromwell State Wildlife Management Area
  • Felton Prairie Scientific and Natural Area
  • Goose Prairie State Wildlife Management Area
  • Gruhl State Wildlife Management Area
  • Hawley State Wildlife Management Area
  • Hay Creek State Wildlife Management Area
  • Highland State Wildlife Management Area
  • Hitterdal State Wildlife Management Area
  • Jeral State Wildlife Management Area
  • Magnusson State Wildlife Management Area
  • Skree State Wildlife Management Area
  • Ulen State Wildlife Management Area
  • Ulen Wildlife Refuge

[7]

Climate and weather

Moorhead, Minnesota
Climate chart (explanation)
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
█ Precipitation totals in inches
Source: The Weather Channel[10]
Metric conversion
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█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
█ Precipitation totals in mm

In recent years, average temperatures in the county seat of Moorhead have ranged from a low of Script error: No such module "convert". in January to a high of Script error: No such module "convert". in July, although a record low of Script error: No such module "convert". was recorded in January 1887 and a record high of Script error: No such module "convert". was recorded in July 1936, the latter also the highest recorded temperature in the history of Minnesota. Average monthly precipitation ranged from Script error: No such module "convert". in February to Script error: No such module "convert". in June.[10]

Demographics

{{US Census population |1860= 72 |1870= 92 |1880= 5887 |1890= 11517 |1900= 17942 |1910= 19640 |1920= 21780 |1930= 23120 |1940= 25337 |1950= 30363 |1960= 39080 |1970= 46585 |1980= 49327 |1990= 50422 |2000= 51229 |2010= 58999 |2020= 65318 |estyear=2024 |estimate=66848 |estref=[11] |align-fn=center |footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[12]
1790–1960[13] 1900–1990[14]
1990–2000[15] 2010–2020Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".

As of the 2023 American Community Survey, there are 25,939 estimated households in Clay County with an average of 2.41 persons per household. The county has a median household income of $77,664. Approximately 13.1% of the county's population lives at or below the poverty line. Clay County has an estimated 70.5% employment rate, with 39.0% of the population holding a bachelor's degree or higher and 95.0% holding a high school diploma.[2]

The median age in the county was 34.1 years.

Racial and ethnic composition

Clay County, Minnesota – racial and ethnic composition
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Race / ethnicity (NH = non-Hispanic) Pop. 1980[16] Pop. 1990[17] Pop. 2000[18] Pop. 2010[19] Pop. 2020[20]
White alone (NH) 48,210
(97.74%)		 48,111
(95.42%)		 47,330
(92.39%)		 53,434
(90.57%)		 54,424
(83.32%)
Black or African American alone (NH) 145
(0.29%)		 164
(0.33%)		 261
(0.51%)		 825
(1.40%)		 3,141
(4.81%)
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 202
(0.41%)		 537
(1.07%)		 688
(1.34%)		 744
(1.26%)		 1,032
(1.58%)
Asian alone (NH) 171
(0.35%)		 394
(0.78%)		 439
(0.86%)		 836
(1.42%)		 764
(1.17%)
Pacific Islander alone (NH) — — 14
(0.03%)		 17
(0.03%)		 16
(0.02%)
Other race alone (NH) 115
(0.23%)		 37
(0.07%)		 14
(0.03%)		 38
(0.06%)		 134
(0.21%)
Mixed race or multiracial (NH) — — 611
(1.19%)		 1,049
(1.78%)		 2,796
(4.28%)
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 484
(0.98%)		 1,179
(2.34%)		 1,872
(3.65%)		 2,056
(3.48%)		 3,011
(4.61%)
Total 49,327
(100.00%)		 50,422
(100.00%)		 51,229
(100.00%)		 58,999
(100.00%)		 65,318
(100.00%)

2023 estimate

File:ClayCountyMn2022PopPyr.png
2022 US Census population pyramid for Clay County, from ACS 5-year estimates

As of the 2023 estimate, there were 66,258 people and 25,939 households residing in the county. There were 27,851 housing units. The racial makeup of the county was 87.9% White (84.0% NH White), 5.7% African American, 2.0% Native American, 1.4% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, _% from some other races and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 5.1% of the population.[21]

In the 2023 estimate, Clay County is the 68th wealthiest county in Minnesota. $53,925 for per capita income.

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 65,318. The median age was 33.9 years. 25.2% of residents were under the age of 18 and 13.9% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 98.6 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 95.9 males age 18 and over.[22][23]

The racial makeup of the county was 84.9% White, 4.9% Black or African American, 1.8% American Indian and Alaska Native, 1.2% Asian, <0.1% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 1.3% from some other race, and 5.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 4.6% of the population.[23]

74.2% of residents lived in urban areas, while 25.8% lived in rural areas.[24]

There were 24,931 households in the county, of which 32.4% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 48.2% were married-couple households, 19.7% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 24.7% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 29.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[22]

There were 26,844 housing units, of which 7.1% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 66.3% were owner-occupied and 33.7% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.5% and the rental vacancy rate was 10.3%.[22]

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 58,999 people, 22,279 households, and _ families residing in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 23,959 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 92.69% White, 1.43% African American, 1.36% Native American, 1.43% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.89% from some other races and 2.16% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.48% of the population.

2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 51,229 people, 18,670 households, and 12,340 families residing in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 19,746 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 93.99% White, 0.52% African American, 1.44% Native American, 0.88% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.67% from some other races and 1.47% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 3.65% of the population.

In terms of ancestry, 40.4% were of Norwegian and 26.8% German.

There were 18,670 households, out of which 33.80% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.90% were married couples living together, 8.80% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.90% were non-families. 26.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.60% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.07.

The county population contained 25.00% under the age of 18, 17.10% from 18 to 24, 25.70% from 25 to 44, 19.30% from 45 to 64, and 12.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 93.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $37,889, and the median income for a family was $49,192. Males had a median income of $34,176 versus $23,149 for females. The per capita income for the county was $17,557. About 7.40% of families and 13.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.30% of those under age 18 and 7.50% of those age 65 or over.

Government and politics

In national elections, Clay County has been a Democrat-leaning swing county for several decades. From 1992 to 2020, it voted for the winner of the presidential election. Since 1928, the only years in which Clay did not go for the election winner were 1960, 1968, 1988 and 2024. The presence of college town Moorhead and proximity to Fargo, North Dakota makes the county more liberal than others in western Minnesota.

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County Board of Commissioners[25]
District Commissioner Assumed office Current term ends
1st Paul Krabbenhoft 2021 January 2029
2nd Ezra Baer 2025 January 2029
3rd Jenny Mongeau 2015 January 2027
4th Kevin Campbell 2003 January 2027
5th David Ebinger (Board Chair) 2025 January 2029
State Legislature (2023–2025)
Position Name Affiliation District
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Senate Rob Kupec DFL District 4
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | House of Representatives Heather Keeler DFL District 4A
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | House of Representatives Jim Joy Republican District 4B
U.S Congress (2023–2025)
Position Name Affiliation District
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | House of Representatives Michelle Fischbach[26] Republican 7th
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Senate Amy Klobuchar[27] DFL N/A
style="background-color:Template:Party color" | Senate Tina Smith[28] DFL N/A

Communities

Cities

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Census-designated places

Unincorporated communities

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Townships

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Former census-designated place

  • Oakport (part of Moorhead since 2015)

See also

References

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  6. ↑ Nelson, Steven (2011). Savanna Soils of Minnesota. Minnesota: Self. pp. 57-60. Template:ISBN.
  7. ↑ a b Clay County MN Google Maps (accessed March 6, 2019)
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External links

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