Classical albedo features on Mars
Template:Short descriptionScript error: No such module "Multiple image".
The classical albedo features of Mars are the light and dark features that can be seen on the planet Mars through an Earth-based telescope. Before the age of space probes, several astronomers created maps of Mars on which they gave names to the features they could see. The most popular system of nomenclature was devised by Giovanni Schiaparelli, who used names from classical antiquity. Today, the improved understanding of Mars enabled by space probes has rendered many of the classical names obsolete for the purposes of cartography; however, some of the old names are still used to describe geographical features on the planet.
History
Observing albedo features
Early telescopic astronomers, observing Mars from a great distance through primitive instruments (though they were advanced for their day), were limited to studying albedo contrasts on the surface of the planet. These lighter and darker patches rarely correspond to topographic features and in many cases obscure them. The origins of the albedo contrasts were a mystery. The lighter patches at the poles were correctly believed to be a frozen substance, either water or carbon dioxide, but the nature of the dark patches seen against the general reddish tint of Mars was uncertain for centuries. When Giovanni Schiaparelli began observing Mars in 1877, he believed that the darker features were seas, lakes, and swamps and named them accordingly in Latin (mare, lacus, palus etc.). Within a few decades, however, most astronomers came to agree that Mars lacks large bodies of surface water. The dark features were then thought by some to be indications of Martian vegetation, since they changed shape and intensity over the course of the Martian year. They are now known to be areas where the wind has swept away the paler dust, exposing a darker surface, often basaltic rock; so their borders change in response to windstorms on the Martian surface that move the dust around, widening or narrowing the features.
The dust-storms themselves also appear as light patches, can cover vast areas and sometimes last for many weeks; when Mariner 9 arrived in Martian orbit in November 1971 the entire planet was covered by a single enormous dust-storm, with only the peaks of the four or five highest mountains showing above it. This variability may explain many of the differences between telescopic observations over the years.
Early non-classical names
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The first map of Martian albedo features was published in 1840 by Johann Heinrich Mädler and Wilhelm Beer, but they simply labelled the features a, b, c ... without giving them names. Over the next two decades the most prominent features picked up various informal names (such as the Hourglass Sea for what is now Syrtis Major Planum) but there was no overall system.
The first astronomer to name Martian albedo features systematically was Richard A. Proctor, who in 1867 created a map (based in part on the observations of William Rutter Dawes) in which several features were given the names of astronomers who had been involved in mapping Mars. In some cases, the same names were used for multiple features. Proctor's names remained in use for several decades, notably in several early maps drawn by Camille Flammarion in 1876 and Nathaniel Green in 1877.
Schiaparelli's classical names
However, within a few decades Proctor's names were superseded by a new scheme devised by Giovanni Schiaparelli, whose observations differed from Proctor's, and who used this difference to justify drawing up an entirely new system of nomenclature. Schiaparelli was an expert on ancient astronomy and geography, and used Latin names, drawn from the myths, history and geography of classical antiquity; dark features were named after ancient seas and rivers, light areas after islands and legendary lands.
When E. M. Antoniadi took over as the leading telescopic observer of Mars in the early 20th century, he followed Schiaparelli's names rather than Proctor's, and the Proctorian names quickly became obsolete. In his encyclopedic work La Planète Mars (1930) Antoniadi used all Schiaparelli's names and added more of his own from the same classical sources. However, there was still no 'official' system of names for Martian features.
In 1958, the International Astronomical Union set up an ad hoc committee under Audouin Dollfus, which settled on a list of 128 officially recognised albedo features. Of these, 105 came from Schiaparelli, 2 from Flammarion, 2 from Percival Lowell, and 16 from Antoniadi, with an additional 3 from the committee itself. This involved a considerable amount of pruning; Antoniadi's La Planète Mars had mentioned 558 named features.[1][2][3]
The pictures returned by interplanetary spacecraft, notably the observations made from Martian orbit by Mariner 9 over the course of 1972, have revolutionized the scientific understanding of Mars, and some of the classical albedo features have become obsolete as they do not correspond clearly with the detailed images provided by the spacecraft. However, many of the names used for topographic features on Mars are still based on the classical nomenclature for the feature's location; for instance, the albedo feature 'Ascraeus Lacus' provides the basis of the name of the volcano Ascraeus Mons in roughly the same position.
In addition, since most Earth-based amateur telescopes are not powerful enough to resolve the topographic surface features of Mars, amateur astronomers still use many of the old feature-names to orient themselves and record their observations.
Common feature names
Several Latin words involved here are common nouns. These are generally, but not always, second in the name, but are usually ignored in alphabetizing below:
- Campi (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – fields
- Cherso (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – peninsula
- Cornu (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – horn, peninsula
- Depressio (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – lowland
- Fastigium (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – summit
- Fons (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – fountain
- Fretum (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – strait
- Insula (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – island
- Lacus (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – lake
- Lucus (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – grove
- Mare (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – sea
- Nix (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – snow
- Palus (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – marsh
- Pons (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – bridge
- Promontorium (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – cape
- Regio (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – region
- Silva (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – wood
- Sinus (Script error: No such module "IPAc-en".) – bay
List of albedo features
Not listed here are the "canals" also observed and named by Schiaparelli, for which see the article Martian canals.
Note that the pronunciation refers to English pronunciation, not Latin or Italian.
A
| Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Modern name(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abalos | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | A no-longer existent island in the North Sea, east of Heligoland | Abalos Colles, Abalos Mensa, Abalos Scopuli, Abalos Undae |
| Achæorum Portus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Harbor of the Achaeans" | — |
| Acherusia Palus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Marsh of Acherusia", named after the legendary swamps in Greek mythology | — |
| Achillis Pons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bridge of Achilles" | — |
| Mare Acidalium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Sea of Acidalia", named for the fountain Acidalia where the Graces bathed | Acidalia Colles, Acidalia Mensa, Acidalia Planitia |
| Æolis | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | a modification of Aeolia, the name of the floating western island of Aiolos, the ruler of the winds | Aeolis Mensae, Aeolis Planum |
| Aëria | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From a poetic name for Egypt | Aeria, IAU recognized albedo feature |
| Ætheria | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | – the land of the living, as referred to in Virgil's Aeneid | Aetheria, IAU recognized albedo feature |
| Æthiopis | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Land of the Ethiopians | Aethiopis, IAU recognized albedo feature |
| Aganippe Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Aganippe's Fountain", legendary home of a Greek naiad | Aganippe Fossa |
| Alcyonia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Land of kingfishers. | — |
| Amazonis | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Land of the Amazon", legendary warrior women | Amazonis Mensa, Amazonis Planitia, Amazonis Sulci |
| Amenthes | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Alternate name for Duat, the Egyptian land of the dead | Amenthes Cavi, Amenthes Fossae, Amenthes Planum, Amenthes Rupes |
| Ammonium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Ancient name for the Siwa Oasis | — |
| Mare Amphitrites | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Sea of Amphitrite", a Greek sea-goddess | Amphitrites Patera |
| Lucus Angitiæ | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Grove of Angitia", named after the snake goddess | — |
| Depressiones Aoniæ | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lowlands of the Muses", who came from Helicon in AoniaScript error: No such module "Unsubst". | — |
| Aonius Sinus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bay of the Muses"Script error: No such module "Unsubst". | Aonia Mons, Aonia Planum, Aonia Terra, Aonia Tholus |
| Aponi Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Roman name for the Bagni d'Abano, warm-water baths near Padua | — |
| Aquæ Apollinares | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Apollo's Waters"; Roman name for the Bagni di Stigliano baths in Canale Monterano, TuscanyScript error: No such module "Unsubst". | — |
| Aquæ Calidæ | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Hot spring" | — |
| Aquarii Depressio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lowland of Aquarius" | — |
| Arabia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Arabian Peninsula | Arabia Terra |
| Arachoti Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Fountain of Arachotus", a river in AfghanistanScript error: No such module "Unsubst". | — |
| Aram | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Aram, Biblical land of the Aramaeans | Aram Chaos |
| Arcadia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From Arcadia, a region of the central Peloponnesus | Arcadia Chaos, Arcadia Dorsa, Arcadia Planitia |
| Arduenna | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Latin names for the Ardennes forests | — |
| Arethusa Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Arethusa's Fountain", after the Greek nymph | — |
| Argyre I | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | One of a pair of legendary islands, Chryse and Argyre, located in the Indian Ocean and said to be made of gold and silver | Argyre Cavi, Argyre Planitia, Argyre Rupes, Argyre quadrangle |
| Argyre II | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Second Silver Land" (see above) | — |
| Argyroporos | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Silver Strait" | — |
| Ariadnes Depressio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lowland of Ariadne", a Greek heroine | Ariadnes Colles |
| Aromatum Promontorium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cape of Fragrant Spices"Script error: No such module "Unsubst". | Aromatum Chaos |
| Arsia Silva | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Arsia Silva, forest northwest of Rome where the Tarquinii were defeated | Arsia Chasmata, Arsia Mons, Arsia Sulci |
| Arsinoës Depressio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Lowland of Arsinoë, the name of various Greek and Egyptian figures | Arsinoes Chaos |
| Artynia Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Artynia's Fountain", referring to Lake Artynia in Asia Minor | Artynia Catena |
| Aryn Promontorium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cape of Aryn" | — |
| Fastigium Aryn | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Summit of Aryn" | — |
| Ascræus Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Ascraeus Lake", a poetic paraphrase of "heliconian" or "rural"Script error: No such module "Unsubst". | Ascraeus Chasmata, Ascraeus Mons, Ascraeus Sulci |
| Astræ Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lake of the Astra", Greek star-gods Script error: No such module "Unsubst". | — |
| Atalantes Depressio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Lowland of Atalanta, Greek heroine | — |
| Nix Atlantica | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Snows of Atlas",Script error: No such module "Unsubst". a Titan in Greek mythology | — |
| Atlantidum Sinus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bay of the Atlantises" (just south of Atlantis I and II, see below) | — |
| Atlantis I | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "First Atlantis", mythical drowned land | Atlantis Chaos |
| Atlantis II | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Second Atlantis" (see above) | Atlantis Chaos |
| Augila | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Awjila, a city in Cyrenaica | — |
| Aurea Cherso | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Golden Peninsula", ancient name for the Malay Peninsula | — |
| Aureum Cornu | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Golden Horn", inlet dividing Constantinople | Aureum Chaos |
| Auroræ Sinus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bay of the Dawn" | Aurorae Planum, Aurorae Chaos |
| Ausonia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From a poetic name for Italy | Ausonia Cavus, Ausonia Mensa, Ausonia Montes |
| Mare Australe | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Southern Sea" | Chasma Australe, Australe Lingula, Australe Mensa, Australe Montes, Planum Australe, Australe Scopuli, Australe Sulci, Mare Australe quadrangle |
B-E
| Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Modern name(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baltia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From a name for the regions near the Baltic Sea | Baltia, IAU recognized albedo feature |
| Bandusiæ Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Fountain of Bandusia", title of a poem by Horace | — |
| Bathys Portus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Deep Harbor", the port of Aulis in BoeotiaScript error: No such module "Unsubst". | Bathys Planum, changed to Icaria Planum |
| Benacus Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lake Benacus" (Lago di Garda in northern Italy) | — |
| Biblis Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Biblis Fountain", a Carian well near MiletusScript error: No such module "Unsubst". | Biblis Patera, Biblis Tholus |
| Bosporium Promontorium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cape of the Bosphorus" | |
| Bosporus/Bosphorus Gemmatus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bejewelled Bosphorus" | Bosporos Planum, Bosporus Regio, Bosporos Rupes |
| Brangæna | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | — | |
| Capri | "Isle of Capri" | Capri Chasma, Capri Mensa | |
| Casius | Mt Casius in Egypt, famous in antiquity for the nearby coastal marshes in which whole armies were reputed to have drowned | Casius quadrangle | |
| Castalia Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Castalian Springs" | |
| Cebrenia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Land of Cebrenia near Troy | Cebrenia quadrangle |
| Cecropia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Land of Cecrops" | |
| Ceraunius | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Ceraunius Catena, Ceraunius Fossae | |
| Chalce | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Chalce Montes | |
| Charitum Promontorium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cape of the Graces" | Charitum Montes |
| Chironis Fretum | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Strait of Chiron" | |
| Mare Chronium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Planum Chronium, Chronius Mons | |
| Chryse | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | One of a pair of legendary islands, Chryse and Argyre, located in the Indian Ocean and said to be made of gold and silver | Chryse Chaos, Chryse Colles, Chryse Planitia |
| Chrysokeras | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | The Golden Horn | |
| Cimmeria Insula | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cimmerian Island" | — |
| Mare Cimmerium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cimmerian Sea", named after an ancient Thracian seafaring people | Terra Cimmeria |
| Circaeum Promontorium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cape of Circe" | |
| Claritas | Latin for "bright" | Claritas Fossae, Claritas Rupes | |
| Clepsydra Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Water-clock fountain", a well in the Athenian acropolis. | |
| Coprates | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | River Coprates, now called the Dez, in modern Iran | Coprates Chasma |
| Coracis Portus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Haven of Corax" | |
| Cyane Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cyane fountain", a spring in Sicily from which the Cyane river sprang, named for a nymph. | Cyane Catena, Cyane Fossae |
| Cydonia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | poetic name for Crete | Cydonia, Cydonia Mensae, Cydonia Labyrinthus, Cydonia Colles |
| Cynia Lacus | |||
| Danaïdum Depressio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lowland of the daughters of Danaüs" | |
| Daphne | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From Daphne ("bay laurel"), a nymph pursued by Apollo. | |
| Deucalionis Regio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Region of Deucalion" | |
| Dia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | An island north of Crete | |
| Diacria | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Diacria highlands around Marathon | Diacria quadrangle |
| Dioscuria | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Land of the Dioscuri" | |
| Eden | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From Eden, the biblical paradise | Eden Patera |
| Edom | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From Edom, an ancient kingdom in modern Jordan | |
| Edom Promontorium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cape of Edom" | |
| Electris | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | The principal island of the "Electrides", islands said to produce amber. | Electris Mons |
| Elysium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From Elysium, the Greek land of dead heroes | Elysium Planitia, Elysium Mons, Elysium Fossae, Elysium quadrangle |
| Eridania | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Land of the River Eridanus | Eridania Mons, Eridania Planitia, Eridania quadrangle, Eridania Scopulus |
| Mare Erythræum | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Red Sea" | Erythraea Fossa |
F-L
| Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Modern name(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Famæ Depressio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lowland of Fame" | |
| Ferentinæ Lucus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Grove of Ferentina" | |
| Lucus Feronia | "Grove of Wild Beasts" | ||
| Flevo Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | ||
| Gallinaria Silva | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | ||
| Mare Hadriaticum | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Adriatic Sea" Aka Hadriaticum Mare | Hadriacus Mons, Hadriaca Patera |
| Hammonis Cornu | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Horn of Ammon" | |
| Hellas | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Greece" | Hellas Planitia, Hellas Montes, Hellas quadrangle |
| Hellespontus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Hellespont" | Hellespontus Montes |
| Heræum Promontorium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cape of Hera" | |
| Hercynia Silva | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Hercynian Forest | |
| Herculis Columnæ | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Pillars of Hercules" | |
| Herculis Pons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bridge of Hercules" | |
| Hesperia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Land of the Setting Sun" | Hesperia Dorsa, Hesperia Planum |
| Hesperidum Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lake of the Hesperides | |
| Hibe | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | ||
| Hippocrene Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Fountain of Hippocrene", near Mount Helicon | |
| Hipponitis Palus | |||
| Horarum Promontorium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cape of the Hours" | Horarum Mons |
| Hypelæus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | A fountain in Ephesus. | |
| Hyperboreus Lacus | Greek/Latin: Far Northern Lake | Hyperboreae Undae | |
| Iapygia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Salento in Italy, ancient home of the Iapyges | Iapygia quadrangle |
| Icaria | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Icaria Fossae, Icaria Planum | |
| Mare Icarium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | ||
| Ierne | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | A name for Ireland | |
| Isidis Regio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Region of Isis" | Isidis Planitia |
| Ismenius Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | The Ismenian Spring near Thebes where Cadmus slew the guardian dragon | Ismenia Patera, Ismeniae Fossae Ismenius Cavus, Ismenius Lacus quadrangle |
| Jani Fretum | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Strait of Janus" | Iani Chaos |
| Juventæ Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Fountain of Youth" a.k.a. Fons Juventæ | Juventae Chasma, Juventae Dorsa |
| Labeatis Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Lake of the Labeates, a people of Illyria | |
| Lausonius Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | ||
| Lemuria | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From Lemuria, a fictional sunken land in the Pacific or Indian Ocean | |
| Lerne | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | ||
| Libya | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Libya" | Libya Montes |
| Lucrinus Lacus | The Lucrine Lake in Roman Italy | ||
| Lunæ Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lake of the Moon" a.k.a. Lacus Lunæ | Lunae Palus quadrangle, Lunae Planum |
M-N
| Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Modern name(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mæisia Silva | |||
| Mapharitis | |||
| Mareotis | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Land about Mareota", in Lower Egypt. | Mareotis Fossae |
| Margaritifer Sinus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Pearlbearing Bay" | Margaritifer Terra, Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle |
| Lucus Maricæ | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Grove of Maríca", a nymph of Latium. | Lucus Planum |
| Memnonia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Land of Memnon" | Memnonia Fossae, Memnonia quadrangle |
| Meroë Insula | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Island of Meroe" | Meroe Patera |
| Messeis Fons | |||
| Lacus Mœris | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Lake Moeris, a lake in the Egyptian Fayum | |
| Mons Argenteus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Silver mountain" | Dorsa Argentea, Argentea Planum |
| Neith Regio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Region of Neith" | |
| Nepheles Depressio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lowland of cloud" | |
| Nereïdum Promontorium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cape of the Nereids | Nereidum Montes |
| Nerigos | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Name of a fictional country, supposedly in or near Scandinavia | |
| Nessonis Lacus | |||
| Niliacus Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lake of the Nile" | Colles Nili |
| Nilokeras | "Horn of the Nile" | Nilokeras Fossae, Nilokeras Mensae | |
| Nitriæ | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | ||
| Nix Atlantica | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Atlantic Snow" | — |
| Nix Olympica | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Olympian Snow" | Olympus Maculae, Olympus Mons, Olympus Patera, Olympus Rupes |
| Noachis | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Land of Noah" | Noachis quadrangle, Noachis Terra |
| Nodus Gordii | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Gordian Knot" | Gordii Dorsum |
| Noti Sinus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bay of Notus" | |
| Novissima Thyle | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Newest Thule" | |
| Nuba Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". |
O-S
| Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Modern name(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mare Oceanidum | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Sea of the Oceanids" | Oceanidum Fossa, Oceanidum Mons |
| Octantis Depressio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lowland of Octans" | Octantis Cavi, Octantis Mons |
| Œnotria | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Oenotria Plana, Oenotria Scopuli | |
| Ogygis Regio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Region of Ogyges" | Ogygis Rupes, Ogygis Undae |
| Ophir | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From Ophir, a biblical land of gold | Ophir Catenae, Ophir Cavi, Ophir Chasma, Ophir Planum |
| Ortygia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Ortygia Colles | |
| Oxia Palus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Oxeia, a Greek Island in Ionian Sea | Oxia Chaos, Oxia Colles, Oxia Palus quadrangle |
| Palicorum Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | ||
| Palinuri Fretum | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Strait of Palinurus" | |
| Palinuri Sinus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bay of Palinurus" | |
| Pallas Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lake of Pallas" | |
| Panchaia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From the name of an island supposed to be in South Arabia | Panchaia Rupes |
| Pandorae Fretum | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Pandora's strait | |
| Phaëthontis | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Land of Phaethon or Phaethon (son of Eos)" | Phaethontis quadrangle |
| Phlegra | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From a district in Macedonia. | Phlegra Montes |
| Campi Phlegræi | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Fields of Phlegra" | Phlegra Montes |
| Phœnicis Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lake of the Phoenix" a.k.a. Lacus Phœnicis | Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle |
| Phrixi Regio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Region of Phrixus" | Phrixi Rupes |
| Piscis Depressio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Depression of the Fish" | |
| Depressio Pontica | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lowland of Pontus" | |
| Promethei Sinus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bay of Prometheus" | Promethei Terra |
| Propontis | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From an old name for the Sea of Marmara | |
| Protei Regio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Region of Proteus" | |
| Pyrrhæ Regio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Region of Pyrrha" | Pyrrhae Chaos, Pyrrhae Fossae |
| Rupes Tenuis | Latin: "Thin Cliff" | Tenuis Mensae, Rupes Tenuis | |
| Sinus Sabæus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bay of Sheba" Aka Sabaeus Sinus | Terra Sabaea, Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle |
| Scandia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | From a name for Skåne or Scandinavia | Scandia Cavi, Scandia Colles, Scandia Tholi |
| Scheria Insula | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Scheria Island" | |
| Semiramidis Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lake of Semiramis" | |
| Serapium | |||
| Simoëntis Sinus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bay of Simois" | Simois Colles |
| Sirbonis Palus | The army-swallowing Serbonian Bog near Mt Casius in Egypt | — | |
| Mare Sirenum | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Sea of Sirens" | Terra Sirenum |
| Socratis Promontorium | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Cape of Socrates" | |
| Solis Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Fountain of the Sun" | Obsolete |
| Solis Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Lake of the Sun" | Solis Planum |
| Stygis | "Styx River", Greece | Stygis Catena, Stygis Fossae | |
| Syrtis Major | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | a Libyan gulf, now Gulf of Sidra | Syrtis Major Planum, Syrtis Major quadrangle |
| Syrtis Minor | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | now Gulf of Gabès in Tunisia. a.k.a. Syrtis Parva |
T-Z
| Name | Pronunciation | Meaning | Modern name(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tempe | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Vale of Tempe, Greece | Tempe Fossae, Tempe Terra |
| Tharsis | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Tarshish" ancient source of ship-loads of silver. Possibly Tartessos or Sardinia | Tharsis Montes, Tharsis quadrangle |
| Thaumasia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Land of Wonders" | Thaumasia Planum, Thaumasia quadrangle |
| Thyle I | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "First Thule" | Thyles Montes, Thyles Rupes |
| Thyle II | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Second Thule" | |
| Thyles Collis | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Hill of Thule" | |
| Thyles Mons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Mountain of Thule" | |
| Thymiamata | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Incenses" | |
| Tiphys Fretum | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | ||
| Titanum Sinus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bay of the Titans" | |
| Tithonius Lacus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | Tithoniae Catenae, Tithoniae Fossae, Tithonium Chasma | |
| Trinythios | |||
| Trivii Fons | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Fountain of the Crossroads" (east of Trivium Charontis) | |
| Trivium Charontis | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Crossroads of Charon" | |
| Mare Tyrrhenum | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Tyrrhenian Sea" | Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle, Tyrrhenus Mons, Tyrrhena Terra |
| Uchronia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Nowhen" | |
| Ulyxis Fretum | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Strait of Ulysses" | Ulyxis Rupes |
| Utopia | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Nowhere, Utopia" | Utopia Planitia |
| Vulcani Pelagus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Sea of Vulcan" | |
| Xanthi Sinus | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Bay of Xanthus" | Xanthe Dorsa, Xanthe Terra |
| Xisuthri Regio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Region of Xisuthrus" | |
| Yaonis Regio | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Region of Emperor Yao" | |
| Zephyria | Script error: No such module "IPAc-en". | "Land of the West Wind (Zephyr)" | Zephyria Planum, Zephyria Mensae |
See also
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References
<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ United States Geological Survey Astrogeology Program, "Mars Nomenclature: Albedo Feature", Gazetteer of Planetary NomenclatureScript error: No such module "Unsubst"..
- ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
Further reading
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
External links
Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Portal bar