Gardena, California

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Gardena is a city located in the South Bay region of Los Angeles County, California, United States. The population was 61,027 at the 2020 census, up from 58,829 at the 2010 census. Until 2014, the U.S. census cited the City of Gardena as the place with the highest percentage of Japanese Americans in California.[1] Gardena's Japanese American population contributes to the South Bay region of Los Angeles being home to the highest density of Japanese companies within the mainland United States.[2]

History

File:Manuel Domínguez of California.jpg
Don Manuel Domínguez, a signer of the Californian Constitution and owner of Rancho San Pedro, which included all of modern-day Gardena

Based on archaeological findings, the Tongva people hunted and fished in the area of today's Gardena.[3] The Tongva Indians – also known as Gabrielino Indians – are probably descendants of those who crossed from Asia to North America around 10,000 years ago.[3]

In 1784, three years after the foundation of Los Angeles, Juan Jose Dominguez (1736–1809), a Spanish soldier who arrived in San Diego, California in 1769 with Fernando Rivera y Moncada, in recognition of his military service, received the roughly Script error: No such module "convert". Spanish land grant, the Rancho San Pedro. Part of this land contained what became known as Gardena Valley.[3] After the American Civil War veterans bought parts of the land, and soon ranchers and farmers followed suit.[3] Union Army Major General William Starke Rosecrans in 1869 bought Script error: No such module "convert".. The "Rosecrans Rancho" was bordered by what later was Florence Avenue on the north, Redondo Beach Boulevard on the south, Central Avenue on the east, and Arlington Avenue on the west. The Rosecrans property was subdivided and sold in the early 1870s. One of those became the Script error: No such module "convert". Amestoy Ranch. Gardena proper began in 1887 when the Pomeroy & Harrison real estate developers subdivided the ranch, anticipating the coming of the Los Angeles and Redondo Railway. Civil War veteran Spencer Roane Thorpe is credited with starting the first settlement in Gardena in 1887.[3] Railroads put Gardena on the map following a 1880s Southern California real estate boom.[3]

Some believe the city was named for its reputation for being the only "green spot" in the dry season between Los Angeles and the sea.[3] Because of its acres of berries, the city was dubbed "Berryland".[3] The Strawberry Day Festival and Parade was held each May.[3] The berry industry suffered at the time of World War I as other crops were supported by the war economy.[4]

Japanese Americans settled in Gardena throughout its history.[5] The only way Gardena could protect itself from a heavy county tax imposed on a planned project at a park site was to incorporate.[4] The City of Gardena became incorporated on September 11, 1930.[4]

From 1936 to 1980, Gardena held a local monopoly on legal cardrooms, the taxes from which accounted for nearly a third of its annual budget.[6][7] As this Los Angeles suburb grew, many Japanese American families moved into the new tract homes being built.[8][9]

Geography

File:Gardena Willows Wetland Preserve 2023 June 02.jpg
Gardena Willows Wetland Preserve is a remnant of Dominguez Slough

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., over 99% of which is land. A Script error: No such module "convert". wetland preserve, the Gardena Willows Wetland Preserve, is located at the southeast corner of Gardena. This is a naturally occurring marshland where water seeps above-ground all year round. It hosts several species of trees and other vegetation.

Gardena is bordered by the unincorporated community of Athens on the north, the Los Angeles neighborhood of Harbor Gateway on the east and south, Torrance on the southwest, Alondra Park on the west, and Hawthorne on the northwest.

Neighborhoods in Gardena include:

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
19405,909—
195014,405Script error: No such module "String".%
196035,943Script error: No such module "String".%
197041,021Script error: No such module "String".%
198045,165Script error: No such module "String".%
199049,847Script error: No such module "String".%
200057,746Script error: No such module "String".%
201058,829Script error: No such module "String".%
202061,027Script error: No such module "String".%
U.S. decennial census[11]
1860–1870[12][13] 1880-1890[14]
1900[15] 1910[16] 1920[17]
1930[18] 1940[19] 1950[20]
1960[21][22] 1970[23] 1980[24]
1990[25] 2000[26] 2010[27]
2020[28]

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Gardena first appeared as a city in the 1940 U.S. census[19] as part of Inglewood Township (pop. 38,637 in 1930).[18]

Gardena city, California – racial and ethnic composition
<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css"/>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[29] Pop 2010[30] Pop 2020[28] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 7,064 5,484 4,819 12.23% 9.32% 7.90%
Black or African American alone (NH) 14,701 14,034 13,006 25.46% 23.86% 21.31%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 129 100 106 0.22% 0.17% 0.17%
Asian alone (NH) 15,363 15,149 15,813 26.60% 25.75% 25.91%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) 381 382 356 0.66% 0.65% 0.58%
Other race alone (NH) 145 174 364 0.25% 0.30% 0.60%
Mixed race or multiracial (NH) 1,591 1,355 2,060 2.76% 2.30% 3.38%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 18,372 22,151 24,503 31.82% 37.65% 40.15%
Total 57,746 58,829 61,027 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2020

The 2020 United States census reported that Gardena had a population of 61,027. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of Gardena was 11.9% White, 21.8% African American, 1.2% Native American, 26.5% Asian, 0.7% Pacific Islander, 25.9% from other races, and 11.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 40.2% of the population.[31]

The census reported that 98.4% of the population lived in households, 0.4% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 1.3% were institutionalized.[31]

There were 21,571 households, out of which 30.7% included children under the age of 18, 40.7% were married-couple households, 6.4% were cohabiting couple households, 32.7% had a female householder with no partner present, and 20.2% had a male householder with no partner present. 24.7% of households were one person, and 10.8% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.78.[31] There were 14,799 families (68.6% of all households).[32]

The age distribution was 18.9% under the age of 18, 8.5% aged 18 to 24, 28.0% aged 25 to 44, 27.1% aged 45 to 64, and 17.5% who were 65Script error: No such module "String".years of age or older. The median age was 40.6Script error: No such module "String".years. For every 100 females, there were 91.9 males.[31]

There were 22,393 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which 21,571 (96.3%) were occupied. Of these, 47.3% were owner-occupied, and 52.7% were occupied by renters.[31]

In 2023, the US Census Bureau estimated that the median household income was $79,291, and the per capita income was $35,807. About 7.7% of families and 11.0% of the population were below the poverty line.[33]

2010

The 2010 United States census[34] reported that Gardena had a population of 58,829. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial composition of Gardena was 14,498 (24.6%) white (9.3% Non-Hispanic White),[35] 14,352 (24.4%) black, 348 (0.6%) Native American, 15,400 (26.2%) Asian, 426 (0.7%) Pacific Islander, 11,136 (18.9%) from other races, and 2,669 (4.5%) from two or more races. There were 22,151 people of Hispanic or Latino origin, of any race (37.7%).

The Census reported that 58,035 people (98.7% of the population) lived in households, 122 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 672 (1.1%) were institutionalized.

There were 20,558 households, out of which 7,199 (35.0%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 8,782 (42.7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3,931 (19.1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,486 (7.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,085 (5.3%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 104 (0.5%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 5,142 households (25.0%) were made up of individuals, and 1,921 (9.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82. There were 14,199 families (69.1% of all households); the average family size was 3.39.

The population was spread out, with 13,410 people (22.8%) under the age of 18, 5,353 people (9.1%) aged 18 to 24, 16,656 people (28.3%) aged 25 to 44, 15,086 people (25.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 8,324 people (14.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37.9 years. For every 100 females, there were 92.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males.

There were 21,472 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which 9,852 (47.9%) were owner-occupied, and 10,706 (52.1%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.3%; the rental vacancy rate was 4.6%. 28,585 people (48.6% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 29,450 people (50.1%) lived in rental housing units.

During 2009–2013, Gardena had a median household income of $48,251, with 15.5% of the population living below the federal poverty line.[35]

2000

As of the 2000 census[36] of 2000, there were 57,746 people, 20,324 households, and 14,023 families residing in the city. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 21,041 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the city was 23.82% White, 25.99% Black or African American, 0.64% Native American, 26.82% Asian, 0.73% Pacific Islander, 16.94% from other races, and 5.05% from two or more races. 31.82% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Mexican and Japanese were the most common ancestries. Mexico and Korea were the most common foreign places of birth.[37]

1980

In 1980, about 31% of the population was Anglo white, 23% was black, 21% was Japanese, and 17% was Latino. The remainder included a Korean community that was increasing in size and Chinese, Filipino, and Native American people. The National Planning Data Corp. released projected figures in 1987 estimating that of the 50,000 residents, 26.3% were Anglo, 23% were black, 22.7 were Latino, and 28% were of other racial groups. By 1989, Anglo and Japanese residents tended to live in central and southern Gardena. Middle class black people began to move into the Hollypark area in northern Gardena in the 1960s, so the black population was concentrated there.[38]

1970–1978

According to the 1970 U.S. Census, 56% of the population was white. Racial demographic changes occurred until 1978. That year, Mayor Edmond J. Russ declared that according to a special 1978 census, the racial demographics of Gardena had stabilized.[39]

Japanese Americans

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File:Gardena California 2024 Feb 02.jpg
Okinawa Association
File:Gardena California 2024 Feb 03.jpg
Buddhist temple

Gardena has a large Japanese-American community.[40] Until 2014, it had the second-highest concentration of Japanese Americans in any U.S. municipality, the first being Honolulu. As of 2014, the nearby city of Torrance holds the highest Japanese-American population in the 48 contiguous states.[41]

The Japanese Cultural Institute (JCI) has been is located in Gardena since 1988, and offers cultural and social activities for Japanese Americans. The building used during that year was completed in 1976.[42]

Early in Gardena's history, Japanese migrants played a role in the agrarian economy. The Japanese Association founded the Moneta Japanese Institute in 1911, and the Parents' Association founded the Gardena Japanese School in 1916.[43] Beginning in the 1920s, Japanese American organizations, including the Moneta Gakuen, were established continuously around the current JCI site. The Moneta Gakuen operated a school until the World War II internment.[42]

In 1942 the U.S. military moved the Japanese in Gardena to internment camps.[43]

In 1966, for the first time, a Nisei, Kiyoto Ken Nakaoka, was seated on the city council.[44] Nakaoka later became Gardena's mayor in 1972.[45] In 1980, the city was 21% Japanese, and since 1989Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., Japanese residents tended to live in the center and south of the city.[38]

Korean Americans

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". since 1992Template:Dated maintenance category (articles)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., about 60% of the Korean population in the South Bay region lived in Gardena and Torrance. By that year, many Korean businesses had been established in Gardena because its commercial land was more affordable than that of Torrance, a middle-class base, and it also had an established East Asian population.Template:R In 1990, 2,857 ethnic Koreans lived in Gardena, a 209% increase from the 1980 figure of 924.[46]

Economy

Digital Manga is headquartered in Suite 300 at 1487 West 178th Street.[47] Nissin Foods has its United States headquarters and a plant in Gardena.[48][49] Nissin Foods (U.S.A.) Co., Inc. opened in Gardena in 1970.[50] Marukai Corporation U.S.A. has its headquarters in Gardena.[51] Nissan's North America headquarters were located in Gardena until they moved to Tennessee in 2006.

National Stores Inc., which operates the Factory 2-U and the Fallas Paredes brands, has its headquarters in the Harbor Gateway area of Los Angeles,[52] near Gardena.[53]

File:Donut King II in Gardena big donut of California.jpg
Gardena hosts one of the big donuts of Southern California

Top employers

According to the city's 2023 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,[54] the top employers in the city as of 2020 were:

# Employer # of Employees
1 United Parcel Service Inc. 789
2 Gardena Memorial Hospital 750
3 Nissin Foods 550
4 Hustler Casino 465
5 Air Fayre 289
6 Avcorp 289
7 Larry Flynt's Lucky Lady Casino 245
8 Southwest Offset Printing 235
9 Kindred Hospital South Bay 225
10 Target 200

Government

In the California State Senate, Gardena is split between Template:Representative and Template:Representative. In the California State Assembly, it is split between Template:Representative and Template:Representative.[55]

In the United States House of Representatives, Gardena is in Template:Representative.[56]

Education

Primary and secondary schools

File:Gardena High School 2024 Feb.jpg
Gardena High School is in Los Angeles, next to Gardena

The Los Angeles Unified School District covers all of Gardena,[57] and operates the city's public schools.

Elementary schools in the city limits[58] include:

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  • 153rd Street Elementary School[59]
  • Amestoy Elementary School[60]
  • Chapman Elementary School[61]
  • Denker Avenue Elementary School[62]

Elementary schools physically in the City of Los Angeles,[58] but with Gardena postal address names, include:

  • 186th Street Elementary[63]
  • Gardena Elementary School[64]

Zoned middle schools include:

  • Peary Middle School (City of Gardena)[65]
    • Some areas in Gardena have a choice between Peary and Henry Clay Middle School.[66] (Los Angeles)

Zoned high schools include:

In the spring of 1956, the junior high school classes stayed at the old Gardena High School while the high school classes moved into a new building. Up until the opening of the new Gardena High School, high school students held morning shifts, while junior high school students held afternoon shifts.[67]

The northern end of the Gardena HS campus has LAUSD staff housing, Sage Park Apartments.[68]

Area charter schools include:

  • Environmental Charter High School - Gardena[69]
  • Environmental Charter Middle School - Gardena (located in the City of Los Angeles but has a Gardena address)[70]
  • KIPP Generations Academy (opened in 2022 and closed in 2024)[71]

Private schools

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles operates Catholic schools in Gardena, including Junípero Serra High School,[72] Maria Regina Catholic School (K-8),[73] and St. Anthony of Padua School (K-8).[74] Pacific Lutheran Jr./Sr. High school, a 6-12 non-Catholic private school, is in Gardena.[75] The Gardena Christian Academy, a PreK-2 Christian school, is in Gardena.[76]

Infrastructure

Public services

The Gardena Office of Economic Development is a department of the city government. It aids employers in filling a variety of jobs customized to their specific needs. It also helps potential employers in setting up business enterprises.

The Gardena Police Department is the primary law enforcement agency in the city. The department has 89 sworn police officers, 24 full-time support staff, and 33 part-time employees. There are reserve, volunteer, and explorer programs. The current Chief of Police is Todd Fox, appointed in 2025. Radio communications and the 9-1-1 call center are handled by the South Bay Regional Public Communications Authority.

The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services operates the Curtis Tucker Health Center in Inglewood and the Torrance Health Center in Harbor Gateway, Los Angeles, near Torrance and serving Gardena.[77][78]

The United States Postal Service operates the Gardena Post Office at 1455 West Redondo Beach Boulevard,[79] the South Gardena Post Office at 1103 West Gardena Boulevard,[80] and the Alondra Post Office at 14028 Van Ness Avenue.[81]

Libraries

File:GardenaMaymeDearPublicLibrary.jpg
Gardena branch of LA County Library

Gardena Mayme Dear Library, a Script error: No such module "convert". building located in Gardena,[82] and Masao W. Satow Library, located west of Gardena in Alondra Park (El Camino Village), unincorporated Los Angeles County,[83][84] are operated by the County of Los Angeles Public Library.

Wednesday Progressive Club sponsored the formation of the Gardena Library.[82] In 1913 the Moneta Branch was formed.[83] In 1914 the Gardena Library became a part of the Los Angeles County Free Library system. Due to annexation the library was transferred to the Los Angeles City Library Board.[82] In 1919 the Strawberry Park branch was formed.[83] In August 1951 the Gardena library came back to the county system.[82] In 1958 the Strawberry Park and Moneta branches merged into the West Gardena Branch.[83] The current Gardena library building was dedicated on December 5, 1964.[82] In 1969 a fire forced the West Gardena branch to go to a new location. The current Satow building, dedicated on February 26, 1977, was named after a Japanese American in the community.[83] The Gardena library received its current name on May 30, 1992, and was named after a library volunteer, who had died prior to the renaming.[82]

Transportation

File:Rosecrans & I-110 Metro Silver Line Station- Picture 5.JPG
Rosecrans Metro Silver Line station at Gardena

The city operates the GTrans bus services (formerly as Gardena Municipal Bus Lines).

The National Transportation Safety Board operates the Gardena Aviation Field Office in Harbor Gateway, Los Angeles; it is the regional headquarters of the NTSB Aviation Western Region.[85]

Notable people

Sister cities

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b c Gardena, p. 8
  5. ↑ Frequently Asked Questions: Gardena Template:Webarchive County of Los Angeles Public Library. Retrieved on March 27, 2010.
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  19. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  38. ↑ a b Goodman, Adrianne. "toward EQUALITY : EXPLORING A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE : ON THE STREET Where You Live : GARDENA." (Article information ) Los Angeles Times. February 13, 1989. Special Section; Metro Desk p. 8. "In 1980, Gardena was about 31% Anglo, 23% black, 21% Japanese and 17% Latino. [...] much of the city's Japanese population was placed in internment camps."
  39. ↑ Williams, Bob. "Gardena Stable After Years of Racial Change ." Los Angeles Times. August 20, 1978. Centinela-South Bay p. CS1. Retrieved on August 30, 2013. "A special 1978 census portrays Gardena as a stable, integrated and largely middle-class community after eight years of racial change, according to Mayor Edmond J. Russ." and "The city, which had a 56% Anglo population in 1970, ac- cording to the 1970 US ... In fact, the Japanese, Chi- nese, Filipino and other Asian proportions in the[...]"
  40. ↑ Goodman, Adrianne. "Teacher Helps Japanese-Americans Brush Up on Their Heritage." Los Angeles Times. November 24, 1988. Retrieved on August 30, 2013.
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  42. ↑ a b "'Focal Point' for Community : Institute Perpetuates Japanese Culture." Los Angeles Times. September 1, 1988. Retrieved on August 30, 2013.
  43. ↑ a b "Gardena Frequently Asked Questions." (Archive) County of Los Angeles Public Library. Retrieved on August 29, 2013.
  44. ↑ "Gardena Council Seats Japanese ." Los Angeles Times. April 24, 1966. Centinela-South Bay p. CS1. Retrieved on August 30, 2013. "After 35 years of incorporation this city, with a large Japanese population, has a Nisei on the City Council. Kiyoto K. Nakaoka is first Japanese to be elected to Gardena City[...]"
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  47. ↑ "Contact DMI Template:Webarchive." Digital Manga. Retrieved on April 21, 2009. "Digital Manga, Inc. 1487 West 178th Street, Suite 300 Gardena, CA 90248"
  48. ↑ "No Border: 200 Annual Report." Nissin Foods Holdings. 42 (44/48). Retrieved on December 27, 2010. "Nissin Foods (U.S.A.) Co., Inc. (Corporate Offices & Gardena Plant) 2001 West Rosecrans Avenue, Gardena, CA 90249 U.S.A."
  49. ↑ Hevesi, Dennis. "Momofuku Ando, 96, Dies; Invented Instant Ramen." The New York Times. January 9, 2007. Retrieved on March 5, 2010.
  50. ↑ "History." Nissin Foods Holdings. Retrieved on December 27, 2010.
  51. ↑ "About Us Template:Webarchive." Marukai Corporation U.S.A. Retrieved on December 22, 2011. "1740 WEST ARTESIA BLVD. GARDENA, CA 90248" – Japanese version Template:Webarchive
  52. ↑ "Contact UsTemplate:Category handler[<span title="Script error: No such module "string".">usurped]Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".." National Stores. Retrieved on February 24, 2010.
  53. ↑ "Fallas Paredes expanding local presence." Austin Business Journal. Monday August 11, 2008. Retrieved on February 24, 2010.
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  58. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". and Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". (the disaster route map shows city limit boundaries and locations of schools, though the locations don't have labels for the specific schools) - Compare full addresses against the maps.
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  71. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". - Address from the California Department of Education: "1415 West Gardena Blvd. Gardena, CA 90247-4712 "
  72. ↑ "Contact Us." Junípero Serra High School. Retrieved on April 21, 2009.
  73. ↑ "Contact Maria Regina Catholic School Template:Webarchive." Maria Regina Catholic School. Retrieved on April 21, 2009.
  74. ↑ "St. Anthony of Padua Template:Webarchive." Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Los Angeles. Retrieved on April 21, 2009.
  75. ↑ [1]. Pacific Jr./Sr. High School. Retrieved on May 7, 2023.
  76. ↑ "Gardena Christian Academy contact information Template:Webarchive." Gardena Christian Academy. Retrieved on December 26, 2010. "Address: Gardena Christian Academy & Preschool 16311 S. Western Ave. Gardena, CA 90247."
  77. ↑ "Torrance Health Center Template:Webarchive." Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved on March 18, 2010.
  78. ↑ "Curtis Tucker Health Center." Los Angeles County Department of Health Services. Retrieved on March 18, 2010.
  79. ↑ "Post Office Location – GARDENA." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.
  80. ↑ "Post Office Location – SOUTH GARDENA." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.
  81. ↑ "Post Office Location – ALONDRA." United States Postal Service. Retrieved on December 6, 2008.
  82. ↑ a b c d e f "Gardena Mayme Dear Library Template:Webarchive." County of Los Angeles Public Library. Retrieved on April 21, 2009.
  83. ↑ a b c d e "Masao W. Satow Library Template:Webarchive." County of Los Angeles Public Library. Retrieved on April 21, 2009.
  84. ↑ "Alondra Park CDP, California Template:Webarchive." U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on May 5, 2010.
  85. ↑ "Regional Offices: Aviation." National Transportation Safety Board. Retrieved on May 15, 2010.
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  89. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Gardena Heritage Committee, "Images of America: Gardena," (San Francisco: Arcadia Publishing, 2006), 74-99
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Further reading

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Gardena, California Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Greater Los Angeles Area Template:Authority control

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