Chione (bivalve)
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Chione is a genus of tropical marine bivalve molluscs, in the family Veneridae, which arose in the early Miocene in the tropical Western Atlantic region. This was discovered through species-level phylogenetic reconstruction. Many branches of the Chione genus spread to tropical eastern Pacific regions, where it is most diverse today. The occurrence of the Pliocene extinction affected the Atlantic genera more than the Pacific genera, leading to the increased diversity of Chione in the Pacific compared to the Atlantic.[1]
Predators of many Chione species include Naticid gastropods (moon snails), which drill holes into the shells of Chione to consume their soft tissues.[2] Chione themselves are primarily filter feeders.
Relevance to humans
One particular species of Chione, Chione stutchburyi, has been used as a bio-indicator for lead levels. Decreases in lead inputs into a river led to a fall in lead levels in the soft tissue of this species. This knowledge may be particularly useful in assessing water quality for human consumption.[3]
Some Chione species have also proved to be useful in paleoclimatology fields. Chione cortezi has been used to model sea surface temperatures of the areas they live in; the shell production rate of this species seems to be heavily controlled by water temperature, so their daily growth rates can be used as a proxy for daily sea surface temperatures. Modeling past climates—including temperature—is very important in scientific fields, so being able to use Chione cortezi as a proxy is very valuable.[4]
Morphology and ecology
Chione bivalves have a calcareous shell used mainly for defence against predators and the external environment. They are sedentary creatures who bury themselves in the first five centimeters of sediment.[3]
Habitat and distribution
Chione species are distributed throughout Pacific, Atlantic, and Mediterranean coastlines. Chione californiensis lives along the Eastern Pacific coastline, ranging from the California to Panama.[5]
Species
Species accepted as of June 2025:[6]
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- Chione bainbridgensis Dall, 1916 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione californiensis (Broderip, 1835)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione cancellata (Linnaeus, 1767)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione casinaeformis Yokoyama, 1926 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione chipolana Dall, 1903 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione chitaniana Yokoyama, 1926 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione compta (Broderip, 1835)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione cortinaria (W. B. Rogers & H. D. Rogers, 1837) †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione dijki (K. Martin, 1885) †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione dysera (Linnaeus, 1758)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione elevata (Say, 1822)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione erosa Dall, 1903 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione guatulcoensis Hertlein & A. M. Strong, 1948Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione halli Pritchard, 1895 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione idiomorpha (O. Boettger, 1883) †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione kroensis (O. Boettger, 1883) †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione laciniosa Weisbord, 1964 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione laetifica (Yokoyama, 1928) †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione mamoensis Weisbord, 1964 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione martini H. J. Finlay, 1927 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione mazyckii Dall, 1902Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione minor Nowell-Usticke, 1969Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione oulotricha J. A. Gardner, 1936 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione pailasana Weisbord, 1964 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione pectiniformis (K. Martin, 1885) †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione rembangensis (Pannekoek, 1936) †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione rodulfi Frassinetti & Covacevich, 1993 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione seymourensis Dall & Ochsner, 1928 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione subimbricata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1835)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione tateiwai Makiyama, 1926 †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione tjikoraiensis (van Regteren Altena, 1938) †Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione tumens A. E. Verrill, 1870Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
- Chione undatella (G. B. Sowerby I, 1835)Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
References
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