Chiang Mai province

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Chiang MaiTemplate:Efn is the largest province (changwat) of Thailand by area.[1][2] It lies in upper northern Thailand and has a population of 1.78 million people. It is bordered by Chiang Rai to the northeast, Lampang and Lamphun to the south, Tak to the southwest, Mae Hong Son to the west, and Shan State of Burma to the north. The capital, Chiang Mai, is Script error: No such module "convert". north of Bangkok.

Geography

Chiang Mai province is about Script error: No such module "convert". from Bangkok in the Mae Ping River basin and is on average at Script error: No such module "convert". elevation. Surrounded by the mountain ranges of the Thai highlands, it covers an area of approximately Script error: No such module "convert".. The mountains of the Daen Lao Range (Script error: No such module "Lang".) at the north end of the province, the Thanon Thong Chai Range (Script error: No such module "Lang".) with the highest mountain in Thailand, Doi Inthanon at Script error: No such module "convert"., stretching in a north–south direction, and the Khun Tan Range in the east of the province are covered by rain forest. The Mae Ping, one of the major tributaries of the Chao Phraya River, originates in the Daen Lao mountains. Several national parks are in the province: Doi Inthanon,[3] Doi Suthep-Pui,[4] Ob Luang,[5] Sri Lanna,[6] Huai Nam Dang,[7] Mae Wang,[8] and Pha Daeng.[9] The total forest area is Script error: No such module "convert". or 69.6 percent of provincial area.[10]

National parks

Fourteen of the fifteen national parks of region 16 (Chiang Mai), Mae Ping National Park is not in Chiang Mai province, form protected areas in Chiang Mai province.[11][12] (Visitors in fiscal year 2024).[13]

Si Lanna National Park Script error: No such module "convert".    (89,382)
Huai Nam Dang National Park Script error: No such module "convert".  (121,109)
Pha Daeng National Park Script error: No such module "convert".    (39,534)
Op Luang National Park    Script error: No such module "convert".    (36,270)
Doi Pha Hom Pok National Park     Script error: No such module "convert".    (70,129)
Doi Inthanon National Park    Script error: No such module "convert".  (853,856)
Mae Tho National Park    Script error: No such module "convert".     (1,387)
Mae Takrai National Park    Script error: No such module "convert".    (24,983)
Doi Wiang Pha National Park    Script error: No such module "convert".         (939)
Doi Suthep–Pui National Park    Script error: No such module "convert".  (296,088)
Op Khan National Park    Script error: No such module "convert".    (98,972)
Khun Khan National Park    Script error: No such module "convert".    (18,053)
Mae Wang National Park    Script error: No such module "convert".    (66,042)
Namtok Bua Tong–      Script error: No such module "convert".  (385,316)
Namphu Chet Si National Park

Wildlife sanctuaries

Three of the four wildlife sanctuaries in region 16 (Chiang Mai), Omkoi wildlife sanctuary is not in Chiang mai province, form protected areas in Chiang Mai province.

Chiang Dao Wildlife Sanctuary Script error: No such module "convert".
Mae Lao-Mae Sae Wildlife Sanctuary  Script error: No such module "convert".
Samoeng Wildlife Sanctuary   Script error: No such module "convert".

Climate

Chiang Mai has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen Aw), tempered by the low latitude and moderate elevation, with warm to hot weather year-round, though nighttime conditions during the dry season can be cool and are much lower than daytime highs. The maximum temperature ever recorded is Script error: No such module "convert". in May 2005.[14]

Demographics

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Of the population, 13.4 percent in the province are members of hill tribes

  • Northern Thai people or Tai Yuan native to nine provinces in Northern Thailand, principally in the area of the former kingdom of Lan Na.
  • Tai Lue live in dwellings of usually only a single room wooden house built on high poles. They are skilled in weaving.
  • Tai Yai, Burmese in origin, harvest rice, farm, raise cattle and trade. Their craftsmanship lies in weaving, pottery, wood carving and bronze ware.
  • Akha the largest population of any hill tribe in the region. Originating from Tibet and Southern China, they dwell on high ground around Script error: No such module "convert". above sea-level. Within their villages they build a spirit gateway to protect them from evil spirits.
  • Hmong from southern China. Prefer higher elevations. They raise livestock and grow rice, corn, tobacco, and cabbage. Known for their embroidery and silver.
  • Karen occupy valleys and riverbanks.
  • Lahu from southern China and live in high areas. They are known as hunters and planters.
  • Lisu from southern China and Tibet are renowned for their colorful dress and also build their dwellings on high poles. They harvest rice and corn and their men are skilled in hunting.
  • Yao reside on mountainsides and grow corn and other crops. They are skilled blacksmiths, silversmiths and embroiders.
  • Mon native to Haripuñjaya Where the capital was at Lamphun

Symbols

The seal of the province shows a white elephant in a glass pavilion. The white elephant is a royal symbol in Thailand, and it is depicted to remember the offering of a white elephant by Thammalangka, a ruler of Chiang Mai, to his overlord, King Rama II of Bangkok. The pavilion symbolizes that Buddhism prospered in Chiang Mai, especially when in 1477 the teachings of Buddha, the Tripitaka, were reviewed.[15]

The provincial flower and tree is the "flame of the forest" (Butea monosperma).[15] The edible cyprinid fish "black sharkminnow" (Labeo chrysophekadion) is the provincial aquatic life.

The provincial slogan is In the shadow of Mount Doi Suthep, blessed with rice customs and traditions, beautiful wild flowers, magnificent Nakhon Phing.[15]

History

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The city of Chiang Mai, the capital of Chiang Mai province, was also capital of the Lanna Kingdom after its founding in 1296, during the same period of time as the establishment of the Sukhothai Kingdom.[16] From then, Chiang Mai not only became the capital and cultural core of the Lanna Kingdom, but also the centre of Buddhism in northern Thailand. King Meng Rai built many temples in the region.

In 1558, Chiang Mai became a colony of the First Toungoo Empire. Chiang Mai remained its colony for more than 200 years, until the Burmese–Siamese War (1775–1776). In 1774 the Burmese colonial regime were finally driven out of Chiang Mai by a coalition of Lanna and Siamese forces and it then became a tributary state of Siam, which later installed a Lanna chieftain ally, Kawila, to independently rule over Lampang and Chiang Mai region as a monarch.

In the reign of King Rama V of Siam, under his administrative centralization policy and due to the ineptitude of Chiang Mai's ruling family, Chiang Mai eventually lost its independence, was annexed and became a second level subdivision of Siam.[17]

From 1933 on, Chiang Mai received its status as a "province" of Siam and has remained so until the present day.[18]

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Historical affiliations

Kingdom of Ngoenyang before 1292
File:Seal of Lanna Kingdom.png Kingdom of Lanna 1292–1579
File:WikiProject Myanmar peacock.svg Kingdom of Lanna 1579-1775
File:Seal of Chiang Mai (1802–1899).png Kingdom of Chiang Mai 1775-1899
Template:Flagicon Kingdom of Siam 1899-1932
Template:Flagicon Kingdom of Thailand 1932–present

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Religion

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Administrative divisions and postal codes

File:Districts Chiang Mai.svg
Map of twenty five districts

Chiang Mai is subdivided into 25 districts (amphoe). The districts are further divided into 204 subdistricts (tambon) and 2,066 villages (muban).

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  1. Mueang Chiang Mai: 50000
  2. Chom Thong: 50160
  3. Mae Chaem: 50270
  4. Chiang Dao: 50170
  5. Doi Saket: 50220
  6. Mae Taeng: 50150
  7. Mae Rim: 50180
  8. Samoeng: 50250
  9. Fang: 50110
  10. Mae Ai: 50280
  11. Phrao: 50190
  12. San Pa Tong: 50120
  13. San Kamphaeng: 50130
  14. San Sai: 50210
  15. Hang Dong: 50230
  16. Hot: 50240
  17. Doi Tao: 50260
  18. Omkoi: 50310
  19. Saraphi: 50140
  20. Wiang Haeng: 50350
  21. Chai Prakan: 50320
  22. Mae Wang: 50360
  23. Mae On: 50130
  24. Doi Lo: 50160
  25. Galyani Vadhana: 50270[19]

Local government

As of 26 November 2019 there are:[20] one Chiang Mai Provincial Administration Organisation (Script error: No such module "Lang".) and 121 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Chiang Mai has city (thesaban nakhon) status. Mae Jo, Mae Hia, Mueang Kaen Phatthana and Ton Pao have town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 116 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 89 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).

Human achievement index 2022

Health Education Employment Income
File:Health icon Thai.png File:Round Landmark School Icon - Transparent.svg File:Employment icon.png File:Numismatics and Notaphily icon.png
65 25 66 50
Housing Family Transport Participation
File:586-house-with-garden.svg
File:Parents, enfants, famille.png
 File:Groundtransport inv.svg File:Icon Sociopolítica y relaciones internacionales (wikiproyect, es.wp).png
70 42 67 12
Province Chiang Mai, with an HAI 2022 value of 0.6179 is "low", occupies place 68in the ranking.

Since 2003, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. The National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) took over this task in 2017.[21]

Rank Classification
  1–13 "High"
14–29 "Somewhat high"
30–45 "Average"
46–61 "Somewhat low"
62–77 "Low"

Transportation

File:RTN Embraer ERJ 135LR beneath Wat Doi Suthep.jpg
Chiang Mai International Airport showing Doi Suthep temple in the upper left corner
  • Road: Chiang Mai is on Highway 11, the only 2-digit road number in the province. Other roads connect the city of Chiang Mai with the north and south of the province, as well as with the east towards Chiang Rai province.
  • Train: Chiang Mai railway station is the northern terminus of the Northern Line, operated by the State Railway of Thailand.
  • Air: Chiang Mai International Airport (CNX) is one of the seven Thai international airports under the aegis of the Airports of Thailand Public Company Limited (AOT).[22] As Chiang Mai International Airport is the major gateway to northern Thailand, it plays an important role in promoting travel and tourism throughout the northern region. Today, 14 airlines serve the airport and more than 3,000,000 passengers, 15,000 flights, and 16,000 tons of cargo are handled annually.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • Songthaew

Tourism

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Chiang Mai province is the tourist hub of the north and one of Thailand's most important tourist destinations.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". It is considered one of the most scenic provinces in the country due to its mountain ranges, valleys, flora, and fauna. For example, the Hang Dong Canyon is coveted as a great tourist attraction. Furthermore, unlike most of Thailand, in some months, the climate in the north and Chiang Mai is cool, fresh, and misty.

Location protected areas

Health

Each amphoe of Chiang Mai has its own hospital, but among the largest are located in Mueang Chiang Mai District and include Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital and Nakornping Hospital.

Local products

Chiang Mai is a handicrafts centre, with a variety of antiques, silver jewellery, and embroidery, Thai silks and cottons, basketry, celadon, silverware, furniture, lacquerware, woodcarvings, and parasols.[23]

Local culture

The north of Thailand's culture is Lanna in origin and the people are proud of their northern roots. The region is home to distinctive foods, music, arts, way of life, and even language. Chiang Mai is home to various hill tribes and their own distinctive cultures.

Local food

File:Drumstick khao soy.JPG
Khao soi

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  • Nam phrik ong is a type of Nam phrik chili paste which is made of minced pork and tomatoes. It is usually eaten with soft-boiled vegetables, pork crackling, or deep-fried crunchy rice cakes.
  • Nam phrik num meaning "chili paste young man", is another kind of paste which can be eaten with pork crackling.
  • Sai ua is a local sausage that is very aromatic and spicy and is usually eaten with sticky rice.
  • Kaeng meaning "curry", is not made with coconut milk in the north.
    • Kaeng hang-le is northern-style pork curry
    • Kaeng om is a spicy curry consisting of intestines
    • Kaeng khae is a spicy curry consisting mainly of vegetables.
  • Khanom chin nam ngiao is a traditional northern noodle dish with chicken or pork.
  • Khao soi is a noodle dish which can be made from chicken, pork, or beef made with coconut milk and garnished with chopped fresh shallots, pickled cabbage, chilli paste to taste, and a slice of fresh lime.

Sports

There are two main sport stadia in Chiang Mai and its environs: 700th Anniversary Stadium and Province Stadium. 700th Anniversary Stadium is on Klongchonpratan Road, Script error: No such module "convert". from Chiang Mai University. There are swimming pools, diving pool, basketball arena, and 11 tennis courts.

Sister cities

The province is twinned with eight provinces/states.[24]

Notable inhabitants

File:Vladimir Putin in Thailand 21-22 October 2003-1.jpg
Thaksin Shinawatra with Vladimir Putin at APEC Thailand 2003, Thaksin was born in San Kamphaeng District
  • Thaksin Shinawatra (Thai: ทักษิณ ชินวัตร) (born 1949), politician and businessman
  • Yingluck Shinawatra (Thai: ยิ่งลักษณ์ ชินวัตร) (born 1967), politician

Gallery

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง การกำหนดเขตตำบลในท้องที่อำเภอสามเงา จังหวัดตาก (ฉบับที่ ๒) พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๓
  2. ↑ ประกาศกระทรวงมหาดไทย เรื่อง การกำหนดเขตตำบลในท้องที่อำเภอดอยเต่า จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ (ฉบับที่ ๒) พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๗
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ The code 25 was assigned to a planned district named Wiang Kham, which however wasn't created.
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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