Charles Saunders (Royal Navy officer)

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Admiral Sir Charles Saunders, KB (c. Template:TrimScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Template:Snd7 December 1775) was a Royal Navy officer and politician. He commanded the fourth-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". and at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre in October 1747 during the War of the Austrian Succession. After serving as Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, English Channel, in charge of the Western Squadron between October 1758 and May 1759.

Saunders took command of the fleet tasked with carrying James Wolfe to Quebec in January 1759 and consolidated the dead general's victory after the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in September 1759 by devoting great energy to keeping the British Army, now under the command of Colonel George Townshend, well supplied during the Seven Years' War. He later became Senior Naval Lord and then First Lord of the Admiralty.

Early career

File:Charles Saunders - Admiral der Royal Navy.jpg
Portrait of Saunders as an admiral by Richard Brompton

Born the son of James Saunders of Bridgwater, Somerset, Saunders joined the Royal Navy in October 1727.[1] He initially served as a midshipman on the sixth-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". and then transferred to the fourth-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in March 1731.[2] Promoted to lieutenant on 8 November 1734, he was posted to the fourth-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in July 1738 and then transferred to the third-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in June 1739, to the fourth-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in August 1739 and to the fourth-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in November 1742.[2]

Promoted to post-captain in June 1743 (with an effective date of 26 September 1741), Saunders was given command of the fourth-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in December 1743, the fifth-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in December 1744 and the fourth-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in 1745.[2] He went on to take command of the fourth-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in 1747 and led her in action at the Second Battle of Cape Finisterre in October 1747 during the War of the Austrian Succession.[2] After that he became captain of the third-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". later that year and of the fourth-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in 1749.[2]

Saunders was appointed Commodore in charge of the squadron at Newfoundland with his broad pennant in the fifth-rate Script error: No such module "WPSHIPS utilities". in February 1752.[1] He went on to be treasurer of Greenwich Hospital in February 1754 and Comptroller of the Navy in December 1755.[1] Saunders was Member of Parliament for Plymouth from 1750 to 1754 and then represented the Yorkshire borough of Hedon from 1754 until his death.[1]

Seven Years' War

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File:PlainsOfAbraham2007.jpg
Drawing by a soldier of Wolfe's army depicting the fleet, under Saunders' command, disembarking Wolfe's soldiers

Promoted to rear-admiral on 7 January 1756, Saunders was sent to Gibraltar as Second in Command of the Mediterranean Fleet.[1] In January 1757 he was advanced to Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, remaining in post until May 1757.[1] In October 1758 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief, English Channel, a post he held till May 1759. He took command of the fleet tasked with carrying James Wolfe to Quebec in January 1759 and, having been promoted to vice admiral on 14 February 1759, he consolidated the dead general's victory after the Battle of the Plains of Abraham in September 1759 by devoting great energy to keeping the British Army, now under the command of Colonel George Towshend, well supplied.[1] Saunders and Towshend were joint signatories for Great Britain after the French garrison capitulated.[1] In April 1760 he resumed his role as Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean Fleet, and blockaded Cádiz preventing the French and Spanish fleets from sailing.[1] He was installed as Knight of the Bath in May 1761[3] and, in the action of 31 May 1762, his fleet chased down and captured the Spanish treasure ship Hermione off Cape St Mary.[1] He acquired estates at Gunton in Suffolk and at Fishley in Norfolk in 1762.[4]

Later career

File:French Firerafts Attacking the British Fleet off Quebec, 28 June 1759 RMG BHC0393.tiff
French Firerafts Attacking the British Fleet off Quebec by Samuel Scott

Saunders joined the Board of Admiralty as Senior Naval Lord in the First Rockingham ministry in July 1765[5] and was advanced to First Lord of the Admiralty in the Chatham ministry in September 1766; after a disagreement with Lord Chatham, he stood down from the Admiralty Board in December 1766.[6] Promoted to full admiral on 18 October 1770, he died at his home at Spring Gardens in London on 7 December 1775[7] and was buried in Westminster Abbey.[8]

Family

Saunders married a Miss Buck, the daughter of a London banker, in September 1751.[2]

Legacy

Cape Saunders, on the Otago coast of New Zealand, was named in his honour by Captain James Cook, who had served under Saunders in Canada.[9]

References

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  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "London Gazette util".
  4. ↑ Kirby, p. 230.
  5. ↑ Rodger, pp. 51–52.
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Salmon, p. 228.
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Sources

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Military offices
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Comptroller of the Navy
1755–1756 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Senior Naval Lord
1765–1766 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Template:Error
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Member of Parliament for Plymouth
1750–1754
With: Arthur Stert Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check Member of Parliament for Hedon
1754–1775
With: Peter Denis 1754–1768
Beilby Thompson 1768–1775 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/checkTemplate:Succession box/check First Lord of the Admiralty
1766 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by

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