Charles III, Count of Alençon

Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Charles III of Alençon (1337 – 5 July 1375) was a French nobleman of the Capetian House of Valois. He was count of Alençon and Perche from 1346 until 1361, when he became a Dominican friar, and archbishop of Lyon from 1365 until his death.

Countship

Charles III, a prince of the blood of France,Template:Sfn was born in 1337. A scion of the Capetian House of Valois,Template:Sfn he was the eldest of the five children of Count Charles II of Alençon and María de la Cerda.Template:Sfn His father was the brother of King Philip VI. Countess María, originally a Spanish princess, raised her children in great piety.Template:Sfn Charles II was killed on 26 August 1346 in the Battle of Crécy during France's Hundred Years' War against the English.Template:Sfn The younger Charles, then aged only nine, succeeded his fallen father as the count of Alençon and Perche. Because of his youth, it was María who, as regent, ruled the counties of Alençon and Perche.Template:Sfn

Charles's domain was invaded multiple times by the English, causing serious damage. The armed bands of King Charles II of Navarre, who ruled the neighbouring County of Évreux, also pillaged the young count's lands. Perche was invaded after the Battle of Poitiers in 1356. Charles's cousin King John II of France was captured in the battle; in order to secure the king's release, Charles's younger brother Peter was sent to England as a hostage.Template:Sfn

Ecclesiastical career

In 1361, Charles renounced his countiesTemplate:Sfn and became a Dominican friar, choosing Couvent des Jacobins de la rue Saint-Jacques in Paris.Template:Sfn Philip, the eldest of Charles's younger brothers, had become bishop of Beauvais in 1356,Template:Sfn and so their mother obtained a permission from King John II to divide the counties between the remaining brothers, Peter and Robert. Peter received Alençon, while Perche was assigned to Robert.Template:Sfn

On 13 July 1365, Charles was made archbishop of Lyon at the insistence of his kinsman King Charles V.Template:Sfn The cathedral chapter was so determined to safeguard its right to elect the archbishop independently of the king or the pope that it took them three rounds of voting to agree on Charles.Template:Sfn By 1366, Charles was patronizing a circle of scholars, including Nicholas de Mesereyo.Template:Sfn

Charles was among the more combative prelates, as were other archbishops of Lyon who originated from ruling families. He did not hesitate to use his influence at the royal court to maintain his rights, even if it involved the use of violence.Template:Sfn Though all other archbishops of Lyon produced exclusively anonymous currency, Charles had coins minted with his name (or rather the initial K) on them. He did so by brazenly counterfeiting the money of his namesake the king.Template:Sfn

As archbishop, Charles firmly resisted royal encroachment on his rights as primate of the Gauls. When the royal official, Archimbaud de Combort, tried to deprive him of his temporal power in 1372, Charles responded furiously with an interdict.Template:Sfn The interdict remained in place until Charles's death on 5 July 1375. He was succeeded by Jean de Talaru.Template:Sfn