Cessna CitationJet/M2

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The Cessna CitationJet/CJ/M2 (also known as the Model 525) are a series of light business jets built by Cessna, and are part of the Citation family.

Launched in October 1989, the first flight of the Model 525 was on April 29, 1991. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification was awarded on October 16, 1992, and the first aircraft was delivered on March 30, 1993. The CJ series are powered by two Williams FJ44 engines; the design uses the Citation II's forward fuselage with a new carry-through section wing and a T-tail. The original CitationJet model has been updated into the CJ1/CJ1+/M2 variants; additionally, the CJ1 was stretched into the CJ2/CJ2+ which was built between 2000 and 2016. The design was then further developed into the CJ3/CJ3+, built from December 2004 to present, and finally into the CJ4 which has been built since 2010. By June 2017, 2,000 of all variants had been delivered.[1]

Development

File:D-IJKP Where is the co-pilot? (7986434453).jpg
Like several other members of the Citation family, the CitationJets are certified for single pilot operations.

Development of the CitationJet was prompted by the 1985 discontinuation of the Citation I, a reaction to the increasing price of its Pratt & Whitney JT15D-1 engines, which rendered it uncompetitive with its larger straight wing Citation stablemates. Cessna believed that a substantial market still existed for a light 4-5 passenger jet with low operating costs, docile flying qualities, and the ability to operate from short runways usable by twin piston-engined light aircraft, a formula that had made the Citation I successful. However, that aircraft had been stigmatized for its slower cruise speed than its competitors, which had progressively been addressed in the Citation S/II and Bravo and the Citation V, Ultra and Encore, but at the cost of operating economy. To offer increased speed with reduced purchase and operating costs, Cessna engineers realized that a new, lighter airframe design would be needed, using less expensive and lower-thrust engines. To better compete with newer jets, Cessna also wanted to eliminate the step in the center aisle of the earlier Citations, created by the spar passing through the cabin.Template:Sfn

Cessna launched the $2.4 million (equivalent to $Expression error: Unrecognized punctuation character "[". million in Template:Inflation/year) model 525 CitationJet at the October 1989 NBAA convention in Atlanta, estimating a demand for 1,000 aircraft over ten years.[2] Its first flight was on April 29, 1991, a Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) type certificate was awarded on October 16, 1992, and first delivery happened on March 30, 1993.[3] The aircraft met its initial design goal: its normal cruise speed was Script error: No such module "convert". faster than that of the Citation I, and the newer CitationJet outperformed the older Citation I in all other significant metrics except maximum payload and approach noise, despite having Template:Cvt less total engine thrust.Template:Sfn

Twenty years after its first flight, 1,450 CJs had been produced.[4] As of June 2017, 2,000 of all variants had been delivered, with five million hours flown.[5]

Design

The six-seat CitationJet is a monoplane with a cantilever wing, a retractable tricycle landing gear and a pressurized cabin.

The jet uses the Citation II's forward fuselage, a new carry-through section, a new laminar flow, supercritical wing developed with NASA and Boeing, and a T-tail. Powered by two Template:Cvt Williams FJ44s, the Template:Cvt aircraft has a trailing link undercarriage for smooth landings, and can be flown by a single pilot. Range is Template:Cvt with four passengers and it can cruise at Template:Cvt.[2]

The CitationJet retains the Template:Cvt inside diameter, circular fuselage cross-section of the Citation I and II, a semi-monocoque construction of conventional aluminum alloys assembled with rivets, fasteners and adhesive bonding. To reduce interference drag, a large fairing encases the low wing center section, and the engines are mounted high on the tail. Composite materials save weight in non-load-bearing components including fairings and the nose radome.[6] The cockpit features EFIS avionics; fuselage length is reduced 11 inches (27 cm) compared to the Citation I, and cabin length is reduced by Template:Cvt, but with a lowered center aisle for increased cabin height.[3][2] The cockpit side windows are slightly smaller than those on earlier Citations to lessen interior temperature differences between the cockpit and the main cabin.Template:Sfn

Wing structure is a conventional ladder with chord-wise ribs over front and rear spars, and an aft sub spar to support the landing gear. The NASA high-speed 0213 airfoil sustains natural laminar flow over 30% of the upper surface for 10-15% better lift-to-drag ratio than the larger NACA 23000-series wing of the Citation I.[6] To maintain the wing's laminar-flow qualities and reduce weight, icing protection is provided by ducted bleed air rather than the deicing boots or fluid deicing systems used on earlier Citations.Template:Sfn

Its FJ44 engine has a 16:1 overall pressure ratio and a 2.58:1 bypass ratio.[6][7] Early CitationJet models have a novel design feature to reduce weight: rather than conventional thrust reversers, the aircraft are equipped with thrust attenuator paddles that pivot from the rear fuselage, similar to those used on the Cessna T-37 Tweet military trainer.Template:Sfn

Variants

File:Cessna CitationJet CJ1 (8735081113).jpg
CJ1 side view, four windows, thrust attenuator paddles behind engines
File:N862MT C525(Citation M2) Cessna Aircraft VKO UUWW (33471434942).jpg
The Citation M2 has small winglets.

Model 525

CitationJet
Model 525 serial numbers 0001 to 0359, powered by Williams FJ44-1A turbofans, are marketed as the CitationJet. With Tamarack winglets, it burns Template:Cvt of fuel per hour at Template:Cvt and flight level (FL)410, rising to Template:Cvt per hour without winglets at FL380 and Template:Cvt at FL290.[8]
CitationJet CJ1
Model 525 serial numbers 0360 to 0599 are marketed as the CitationJet CJ1 and are powered by the same Williams FJ44-1A. It was improved with a Pro Line 21 avionics suite,[9] and a moderate increase in maximum takeoff weight.
CitationJet CJ1+
Model 525 serial number 0600 and higher are marketed as CitationJet CJ1+ and are powered by Williams FJ44-1AP turbofans. With the same airframe, it has Pro Line 21 avionics package and FADEC engine control.[10] It was certified in 2005.[11]
The GE Honda HF120 engine was announced as a retrofit option for the CJ/CJ1/CJ1+ in 2014.[12]
Citation M2
Model 525s marketed as Cessna Citation M2 are powered by improved FJ44-1AP-21 turbofans offering 10 to 15% more cruise thrust and up to 5% more hot-and-high thrust, and are equipped with modern Garmin G3000 avionics replacing Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21.[13] Launched in September 2011, it is based on the then out-of-production CJ1 variant and features a new cabin layout and a more efficient FJ44 version.[14] The initial M2 prototype first flew on 9 March 2012; it was not a conforming airframe but was testing the Garmin G3000 avionics and Williams FJ44-1AP-21 turbofans while another aircraft was expected to join the certification program in May 2012 to be used for aerodynamics testing.[15] Compared to the CJ1+, it climbs more quickly, offers a more comfortable cabin and is faster by Template:Cvt at FL 410. The wing is Template:Cvt wider due to small winglets. The FJ44-1AP-21s TBO can reach 5,000 h and the aircraft burns Template:Cvt per hour at Template:Cvt TAS, FL 400, ISA+3C conditions and at a weight of Template:Cvt. At high-speed cruise, it can fly one pilot and four passengers over Template:Cvt in 2 h 49 min. It climbs to FL 410 in 24 min, 27% faster than its closest competitor, where it is Template:Cvt faster than the Embraer Phenom 100E.[6] With 150 produced since introduction in 2013, it became Cessna's entry-level jet after the Citation Mustang ended production in May 2017.[16] The 250th M2 was delivered on June 15, 2020.[17] In 2023, its equipped price was $6.15M.[18]
Citation M2 Gen2
An upgraded model of the M2 was unveiled in 2021 as the Citation M2 Gen2. The M2 Gen2 differs from the original M2 in that it is fitted with a restyled premium interior with wireless chargers as well as USB-A and USB-C ports. Cargo space was increased to allow an extra Script error: No such module "convert". of luggage to be carried, and the copilot position was given three inches of added legroom.[19] The M2 Gen2 was certified in 2022, with deliveries beginning shortly thereafter.[20][21] In 2023, Cessna announced that a Garmin autothrottle would be available for the M2 Gen2 starting in mid-2025.[22]

Model 525A

File:Cessna 525A Citation CJ2 AN1738217.jpg
CJ2 side view, six windows

The ICAO aircraft type designator for the CJ2 models is C25A.

CitationJet CJ2

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Model 525A serial numbers 0001 to 0299, marketed as the CitationJet CJ2 is a 5-foot stretch of the CJ1 (Model 525) powered by Williams FJ44-2C turbofans and first delivered in 2000.
CitationJet CJ2+

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Model 525A serial numbers 0300 and higher, marketed as the CitationJet CJ2+ and first delivered in April 2006, offer increased performance with updated avionics and Williams FJ44-3A-24 turbofans with FADEC control, with 4-passenger NBAA IFR range increased to 1550 nmi, maximum cruise speed of 413 kn, and decreased runway requirements; many features such as TCAS and TAWS were made standard.[23]
CitationJet CJ2+ Alpine Edition
In 2014, Cessna started offering an upgrade package for the CJ2+ called Alpine Edition. It incorporates Garmin G3000 avionics and new cabin stylings similar to those introduced by Cessna to the CJ1+ when it became the M2.[24] In 2012, the CJ2+ unit cost US$7.044M.[25] The CJ2 went out of production due to low demand in January 2016.[26]

Model 525B

File:Cessna 525B Citation CJ3 AN1699978.jpg
CJ3 side view, seven windows

The ICAO aircraft type designator for the CJ3 models is C25B.

CitationJet CJ3

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Model 525B are marketed as the CitationJet CJ3 are a further stretch of the CJ2 powered by Williams FJ44-3A turbofans. Unveiled at the September 2002 National Business Aviation Association convention, it first flew on April 17, 2003, was FAA certified in October 2004 and deliveries began in December of that year. The cockpit with Rockwell Collins avionics is designed for single-pilot operation but can accommodate two crew members. Its customizable cabin typically has six club seats in a center-style configuration with an accessible in flight baggage compartment and external baggage access.
Between its production debut in late 2004 and spring 2018, 500 of CJ3s and CJ3+s were delivered; 2004-2009 models are sold for $3.5 million and $5.0-5.5 million for 2009-2014 models.
CJ3 can cruise at its Template:Cvt MMo at FL450 over Template:Cvt with four passengers, or more than Template:Cvt at a slower speed, exceeding Textron predictions.
Hourly, CJ3 burns Template:Cvt, its engine maintenance cost $313.60, its parts $251.72 and labor cost is $298.[27]
CitationJet CJ3+

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The CitationJet CJ3+ is an upgraded version of the CJ3. The aircraft received FAA certification in 2014.[28] The flight deck of CJ3+ is upgraded to use Garmin G3000 avionics, and its cabin has M2-style seats with foldable armrests.[29][30] In 2023, its equipped price was $10.415M.[18]

Model 525C

File:OE-GTI Cessna 525C Citation CJ4 C25C (25224411064).jpg
The longest CitationJet, the CJ4, has 5+1 starboard windows.

The ICAO aircraft type designator for the CJ4 models is C25C.

Cessna Citation CJ4

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The stretched CJ4 was launched at the October 2006 NBAA conference.[31] Its wing design comes from the moderately swept wing of the Citation Sovereign.[32] Powered by Williams FJ44-4A turbofans, it has a maximum range of 2,165 nmi (4,010 km). Its cabin is 21 inches longer than the CJ3 and can seat up to nine people plus one in the cockpit. It first lifted off on May 5, 2008, from McConnell Air Force Base in Wichita, Kansas and first deliveries started in 2010.
In 2011, the Federal Aviation Administration temporarily grounded the CJ4 and issued an airworthiness directive because of fires in the original Lithium-ion battery equipment.[33]
The cabin is pressurized at Template:Cvt and the seating area is Template:Cvt longer than in the CJ3, with a typical forward side-facing divan followed by a four chairs club and two forward facing chairs.
It can carry a Template:Cvt payload with full fuel, cruise up to FL450 and takeoff from Template:Cvt field on a standard day.
Block speeds are Template:Cvt and it burns Template:Cvt of fuel per hour.
Maintenance is $269 per hour for labor and $370 per hour for parts excluding the engine maintenance plan is $317 per hour for a 5,000 h TBO.
By June 2019, early models are $5.5-5.8 million for resale and up to over $7 million for later ones.
Compared to the CJ4, the CJ3+ offers almost as much range, but carries fewer passengers with full tanks and is slower, while the Embraer Phenom 300 has better fuel efficiency and more tanks-full payload.[34]
The 400th CJ4 was delivered in April 2023.[35] In 2023, its equipped price was $11.855M.[18]

Accidents and incidents

Specifications

File:Cessna 525A CitationJet CJ2+MG 4583.jpg
CJ2 planform view, showing its straight wing and uncovered main wheels
File:Cockpit of Cessna 525B CitationJet 3.jpg
Cockpit of a CJ3 fitted with Rockwell Collins Proline 21 avionics
Model M2 (CJ1)[37] CJ2+[38] CJ3+[39] CJ4[40]
Crew 1 or 2
Max. passengers 7 9 9 10
Length 42 ft 7 in (12.98 m) 47 ft 8 in (14.53 m) 51 ft 2 in (15.59 m) 53 ft 4 in (16.26 m)
Height 13 ft 11 in (4.24 m) 14 ft (4.27 m) 15 ft 2 in (4.62 m) 15 ft 5 in (4.69 m)
Wingspan 47 ft 3 in (14.40 m) 49 ft 10 in (15.19 m) 53 ft 4 in (16.26 m) 50 ft 10 in (15.49 m)
Wing area 240 ft2 (22.3 m2) 264 ft2 (25 m2) 294 ft2 (27.32 m2) 330 ft2 (30.66 m2)
Wing sweep 0 degrees 12.5 degrees
Cabin section 57 in (1.45 m) height, 58 in (1.47 m) width
Cabin length 11 ft (3.35 m) 13 ft 7 in (4.14 m) 15 ft 8 in (4.78 m) 17 ft 4 in (5.28 m)
MTOW 10,700 lb (4,853 kg) 12,500 lb (5,670 kg) 13,870 lb (6,291 kg) 17,110 lb (7,761 kg)
Fuel capacity 3,296 lb (1,495 kg) 3,930 lb (1,783 kg) 4,710 lb (2,136 kg) 5,828 lb (2,644 kg)
Fuel volume 492 gal (1,862 L) 587 gal (2,221 L) 703 gal (2,661 L) 870 gal (3,293 L)
Basic OEW 6,990 lb (3,171 kg) 8,030 lb (3,642 kg) 8,540 lb (3,874 kg) 10,280 lb (4,663 kg)
Max. payload 1,410 lb (640 kg) 1,670 lb (757 kg) 1,970 lb (894 kg) 2,220 lb (1,007 kg)
Turbofan × 2 FJ44-1AP-21 FJ44-3A-24 FJ44-3A FJ44-4A
Thrust (each) 1,965 lb (8.74 kN) 2,490 lb (11.08 kN) 2,820 lb (12.54 kN) 3,621 lb (16.11 kN)
Max. cruise Template:Cvt Template:Cvt Template:Cvt Template:Cvt
Max. range 1,550 nmi (2,871 km) 1,781 nmi (3,298 km) 2,040 nmi (3,778 km) 2,165 nmi (4,010 km)
Takeoff 3,210 ft (978 m) 3,360 ft (1,024 m) 3,180 ft (969 m) 3,410 ft (1,039 m)
Landing 2,590 ft (789 m) 2,980 ft (908 m) 2,770 ft (844 m) 2,940 ft (896 m)
Ceiling 41,000 ft (12,497 m) 45,000 ft (13,716 m)
Max. climb rate 3,698 fpm (18.8 m/s) 4,120 fpm (20.9 m/s) 4,478 fpm (22.75 m/s) 3,854 fpm (19.6 m/s)

See also

Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

Notes

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Bibliography

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External links

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no:Cessna 525 CitationJet

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