Community of Sahel–Saharan States

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The Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN-SAD; Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".; Script error: No such module "Lang".) aims to create a free trade area within a region of Africa.[1] There are questions with regard to whether its level of economic integration qualifies it under the enabling clause of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).

The annual ordinary session of the Conference of Heads of State and Government convenes in different Member State capitals on a rotational basis. An extraordinary session may be called upon the request of any Member State.[2]

Establishment

CEN-SAD was established in February 1998 by six countries, but since then its membership has grown to 25. One of its main goals is to achieve economic unity through the implementation of the free movement of people and goods in order to make the area occupied by member states a free trade area. At the international level, CEN-SAD gained observer status at the UN General Assembly in 2001 and concluded association and cooperation accords with the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (ECA) and with UN specialized agencies and institutions such as UNDP, WHO, UNESCO, FAO, and the Permanent Interstate Committee for drought control in the Sahel.

All CEN-SAD member countries are also participating in other African economic unions, that have the aim to create a common African Economic Community. The envisioned Free Trade Area of CEN-SAD would be hard to practically implement, because it is overlapping with the envisioned customs unions of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS/CEDEAO), ECCAS and COMESA and other trade blocs more advanced in their integration.

Executive Secretaries

No. Image Name Country Took office Left office
1 Mohamed Al-Madani Al-Azhari[3] File:Flag of Libya (1977–2011).svg Libya 1998 2013
2 Template:CSS image crop Ibrahim Sani Abani File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger 2013[4] 2021
3 File:Brigi Rafini - June 2012 (cropped).jpg Brigi Rafini File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger 2021[5] 2023
4 File:Presentation of Credentials by Niger (14317126377) (cropped).jpg Ado Elhadji Abou File:Flag of Niger.svg Niger 2023[6] Incumbent

2005 summit

At the summit of 1–2 June 2005 in Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso), the heads of state decided to create a Template:Qi in order to allow member countries to develop their agriculture through better control of water resources and seed selection. On the other hand, the summit to decide to study the construction of a railway line connecting Libya, Chad, Niger, with ramps to Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal, to facilitate exchanges and to open up the CEN-SAD space. Blaise Compaoré, president of Burkina Faso, succeeded Malian President Amadou Toumani Touré as current president of CEN-SAD.

2007 summit

The African leaders sought to reconcile differences between neighbours Chad and Sudan over the Darfur conflict and boost Somalia's embattled Transitional Federal Government at a regional summit in Libya on 3 June 2007.[7]

2008 summit

The 10th Summit of Heads of State of the Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN-SAD) met on 28 June 2008 in Cotonou on 18 June. Its theme was Rural Development and Food Security in the CEN-SAD area. Beninese President Yayi Boni has been elected current President of CEN-SAD for a one-year term.[8]

2013 summit

In January 2013, the Community of Sahel–Saharan States will meet in N'Djamena, Chad. A commentator said Template:Qi.[9]

CEN-SAD Games

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Beginning in 2009, CEN-SAD member states will take part in planned periodic international sporting and cultural festivals, known as the Community of Sahel–Saharan States Games (Jeux de la Communauté des Etats Sahélo-Sahariens).[10] The first CEN-SAD Games were held in Niamey, Niger from 4–14 February 2009. Thirteen nations competed in Under-20 sports (athletics, basketball, judo, football, handball, table tennis and traditional wrestling) and six fields of cultural competition (song, traditional creation and inspiration dancing, painting, sculpture and photography). The second CEN-SAD Games was scheduled to take place in the Chadian capitol of N'Djamena in February 2011.[11]

List of members

Member state Joined Area
(km2) 		Population GDP (PPP) ($US) Notes
(all states are also members of the
United Nations and of the African Union)
(inh.) (date) (millions) (per capita)
Script error: No such module "flag". 2002 114,763 10,008,749 2013 census[12] 29,918[13] 2,552[13] also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
Script error: No such module "flag". 1998– 274,200 14,017,262 2006 census 45,339[14] 792[14] also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
Script error: No such module "flag". 1999– 622,984 4,666,368 2019 est.[15] 4,262[16] 823[16] also member of ECCAS/CEEAC and CEMAC
Script error: No such module "flag". 1998– 1,284,000 13,670,084 2015 est.[17] 30,000[18] 2,428[18] also member of ECCAS/CEEAC and CEMAC
Script error: No such module "flag". 2007–[19] 1,861 850,688 2018 est. 2,446[20] 2,799[20] also member of SADC and COMESA
Script error: No such module "flag". 2000– 23,200 also member of IGAD and COMESA
Script error: No such module "flag". 2001– 1,010,408 also member of COMESA, candidate to AMU/UMA
Script error: No such module "flag". 1999– 117,600 also member of IGAD and COMESA
Script error: No such module "flag". 2000– 10,689 also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and WAMZ
Script error: No such module "flag". 2005– 239,567 also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and WAMZ
Script error: No such module "flag". 2007–[19] 245,857 also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and WAMZ
Script error: No such module "flag". 2004– 36,125 also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
Script error: No such module "flag". 2004– 322,463 also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
Script error: No such module "flag". 1998– 1,759,541 6,871,287 2019 est.[15] also member of AMU/UMA and COMESA
Script error: No such module "flag". 1998– 1,240,192 also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
Script error: No such module "flag". 2007–[19] 1,030,000 also member of AMU/UMA
Script error: No such module "flag".[21] 2001– 446,550
or 710,850[21] 		also member of AMU/UMA
Script error: No such module "flag". 1998– 1,267,000 also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
Script error: No such module "flag". 2001– 923,769 also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and WAMZ
Script error: No such module "flag". 2000– 196,712 also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
Script error: No such module "flag". 2005– 71,740 7,092,113 2015 census[22] 12,177[23] 1,608[23] also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and WAMZ
Script error: No such module "flag". 2001– 637,657 also member of IGAD and COMESA
Script error: No such module "flag".[24] 1998– 1,886,068
(2,505,813 before 2011[24]) 		41,592,539
30,894,000		 2020 est.[25]
2009 est.[26] 		177,678[27] 4,232[28] also member of IGAD and COMESA
Script error: No such module "flag". 2002– 56,785 also member of ECOWAS/CEDEAO and UEMOA
Script error: No such module "flag". 2001– 163,610 11,722,038 2019 census[29] 159,707[30] 3,713[30] also member of AMU/UMA and COMESA
Total (25 members) 14,680,111
or 14,944,411[21]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
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  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ https://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/20070603/wl_africa_afp/censadsummit;_ylt=A9G_RyW9HmNG7YMAMhhvaA8F Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  8. ↑ Template:In lang Bénin : Yayi Boni élu président en exercice de la CEN-SAD, Pana, 18 juin 2008
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ La première édition des Jeux de la CEN-SAD en février 2009 au Niger.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". APANEWS, 17 June 2008.
  11. ↑ Maiden CEN-SAD Games ends in glory in Niamey. Script error: No such module "Unsubst". APA News. 15 February 2009.
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
    Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ a b c Morocco: the area Script error: No such module "convert". excludes all disputed territories, while Script error: No such module "convert". includes the Moroccan-claimed and partially-controlled parts of Western Sahara (claimed as the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic by the Polisario Front). Morocco also claims Ceuta and Melilla, making up about Script error: No such module "convert". more claimed territory.
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ a b Membership of Sudan in CEN-SAD was formerly including South Sudan, but only before its independence from Sudan on 9 July 2011; after its independence, South Sudan did not join CEN-SAD, but joined EAC instead, while also choosing to remain in IGAD.
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ (disputed) Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

Template:Community of Sahel–Saharan States

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