Briz (rocket stage)

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Script error: No such module "Infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". The Briz-K, Briz-KM and Briz-M (Template:Langx meaning Breeze-K, KM and M) are Russian liquid-propellant rocket orbit insertion upper stages manufactured by Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center and used on the Proton-M and Angara A5. The upper stages were also used on Rokot, one of Russia's smaller launchers, before its retirement in 2019.

Characteristics

Briz-K and Briz-KM

Briz-K, GRAU index 14S12, is a single-piece structure with a conical tank compartment and the engine located in a recess in the fuel tank. Briz-KM (GRAU index 14S45) is an improved version of Briz-K.[1] The Briz-K and Briz-KM were used as a third stage of the Rokot launch vehicles.[2]

Briz-M

Briz-M, GRAU index 14S43, is designed for injecting large payloads into a low, medium-height or high geosynchronous orbit.[3] Briz-M is a twin upper stage consisting of a core module (using Briz-KM as the baseline) and a jettisonable add-on toroidal tank surrounding the core.[3] It is powered by a pump-fed gimballed main engine, the 14D30.[4] The main engine can be restarted 8 times in flight and allows precision placement of the spacecraft into orbit.[5] Orbital lifetime of the Briz-M is limited by available onboard battery power and is currently 24 hours.[5] The total time of the standard Proton/Briz-M mission to geosynchronous orbit profile from lift-off to spacecraft separation is approximately 9.3 hours.[5] A Proton launch vehicle with a Briz-M upper stage can also inject payloads to Earth escape trajectories.[5]

One of system's design goals has been to keep overall dimensions as small as possible. Briz-M takes much less space on board the launch vehicle compared to its predecessor, the Block D upper stage, leaving freed volume for the cargo.[6] A Proton with a Briz-M can place a 4,385 kg satellite, such as an A2100AX, into a target orbit with an apogee of 35,786 km, a perigee of 7,030 km, and an inclination of 17.3°.[7][8] Maximum lift capability of the Briz-M stage is 5,645 kg to geosynchronous transfer orbit with a 1,500 m/s residual velocity to GSO.[4] A tandem launch of multiple spacecraft is also supported, with the ability to inject the spacecraft into different orbits.[4]

History

The maiden flight of Briz-M took place on 5 July 1999. The flight was a failure, due to the explosion of the carrier rocket's second stage. The flight had a communications satellite as a payload.

Briz-M completed its first successful flight on 6 June 2000, when it delivered the Gorizont communications satellite into orbit.

It is planned to use Briz-M with the A3 and A5 versions of the future Angara rocket family.[3]

Launch chronology

Proton-M/Briz-M

# Launch date Configuration Spaceport Result Payload Note
1 5 July 1999 Proton-K/Briz-Me Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Failure Raduga 1 communication satellite.
Launch failure due to explosion of Proton second stage
2 6 June 2000 Proton-K/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Gorizont #45L First successful flight of the Briz-M
3 7 April 2001 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Ekran-M #18L Maiden flight of Proton-M
4 29 December 2002 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Nimiq-2
5 6 June 2003 Proton-K/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success AMC-9
6 10 December 2003 Proton-K/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Kosmos 2402, 2403 and 2404 Three GLONASS positioning satellites
7 15 March 2004 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Eutelsat W3A
8 16 June 2004 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Intelsat-10-02
9 4 August 2004 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Amazonas 1
10 14 October 2004 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success AMC-15
11 3 February 2005 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success AMC-12
12 22 May 2005 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success DirecTV-8
13 8 September 2005 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Anik-F1R
14 29 December 2005 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success AMC-23
15 28 February 2006 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Failure Arabsat-4A (Badr-1)
A Briz-M failure leaves it and the payload in unusable orbit, with Briz-M eventually exploding on 19 February 2007, producing over 1,000 trackable pieces of space debris.[9][10]
16 4 August 2006 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Hot Bird 8
17 8 November 2006 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Arabsat-4B (Badr-4)
18 11 December 2006 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success MEASAT-3
19 9 April 2007 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Anik-F3
20 7 July 2007 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success DirecTV-10
21 5 September 2007 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Failure JCSAT-11
Proton-M with cargo crashed after the first and second stages of the rocket failed to separate due to a damaged pyrotechnic firing cable.
22 17 November 2007 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Sirius 4
23 9 December 2007 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Raduga-1M #1
24 28 January 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Ekspress-AM33
25 11 February 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Thor 5
26 14 March 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Failure AMC-14 Satellite deployed into useless orbit
Failed during second Briz-M burn. The failure was caused by a ruptured exhaust gas conduit, which led to a shutdown of the turbo pump feeding the Briz-M engine.[11]
27 19 August 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Inmarsat 4-F3 A modification was made to the Briz-M engine to include a new conduit in response to the 14 March failure. This modification will be used in all future launches.[11][12]
28 19 September 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Nimiq-4[13]
29 15 November 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Astra 1M
30 10 December 2008 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Ciel-2[14]
31 10 February 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Express-AM44 and Express-MD1
32 3 April 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Eutelsat W2A
33 16 May 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success ProtoStar 2 (SES-7)
34 1 July 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Sirius FM-5[15]
35 11 August 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success AsiaSat 5
36 17 September 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Nimiq-5
37 24 November 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Eutelsat W7
38 29 December 2009 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success DirecTV-12
39 28 January 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Raduga 1M #2
40 12 February 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Intelsat 16
41 20 March 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success EchoStar XIV
42 24 April 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success SES-1
43 3 June 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Badr-5
44 10 July 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success EchoStar XV
45 14 October 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success XM-5
46 14 November 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success SkyTerra-1
47 26 December 2010 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success KA-SAT
48 20 May 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Telstar-14R
49 15 July 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success SES-3 and KazSat-2
50 17 August 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Failure Ekspress AM4
Lost contact with Briz-M on fourth burn.[16]
51 20 September 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Kosmos 2473 (Garpun #1)
52 29 September 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success QuetzSat-1
53 19 October 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success ViaSat-1
54 4 November 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Kosmos 2475, 2476 and 2477 Three GLONASS-M navigation satellites.[17]
55 25 November 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success AsiaSat 7
56 11 December 2011 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Luch-5A and Amos-5[18]
57 14 February 2012 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success SES-4[19]
58 25 March 2012 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Intelsat 22
59 23 April 2012 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Yahsat 1B
60 17 May 2012 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Nimiq 6
61 9 July 2012 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success SES-5
62 6 August 2012 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Failure Telkom 3 and Ekspress MD2[20]
Briz-M failure
63 14 October 2012 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Intelsat 23
64 3 November 2012 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Luch-5B and Yamal-300K
65 20 November 2012 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success EchoStar XVI
66 8 December 2012 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Partial failure Yamal-402 The satellite was placed close to the intended orbit and could maneuver into its final orbit by itself.[21][22]
Briz-M's upper stage shut down four minutes earlier than planned on its fourth burn due to oxidizer turbopump bearing damage.[23]
67 26 March 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Satmex 8 Satellite placed into Geostationary transfer orbit[24]
68 15 April 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Anik G1[25]
69 14 May 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Eutelsat 3D[26]
70 2 June 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success SES-6 Satellite deployed into super-synchronous transfer orbit[27]
71 29 September 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Astra 2E Satellite deployed into Geosynchronous transfer orbit[28]
72 25 October 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Sirius FM-6 Satellite deployed into Geostationary transfer orbit[29]
73 12 November 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Raduga 1M #3 All telemetry and data from the Briz-M was lost due to failed onboard data processing system (Pyrite), however the satellite was delivered to the correct orbit[30]
74 8 December 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Inmarsat 5-F1 Satellite deployed into super-synchronous transfer orbit[31]
75 26 December 2013 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Ekspress AM5[32]
76 14 February 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Türksat 4A Satellite deployed into Geostationary transfer orbit[33]
77 15 March 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Ekspress AT1 and Ekspress AT2 Satellites deployed into Geostationary orbit[34]
78 28 April 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Luch 5V and KazSat-3 Satellites deployed into Geosynchronous orbit[35]
79 16 May 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Failure Ekspress AM4R
Failed Proton-M third stage[36]
80 28 September 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Luch (Olimp-K) Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[37]
81 21 October 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Partial failure Ekspress AM6 Satellite placed close to designated orbit
Satellite was delivered to a lower-than-planned orbit due to problems with the Briz-M. Later, Roscosmos stated that Ekspress-AM6 would be able to reach its planned orbit and expected to be operational by 1 July 2015[38]
82 15 December 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Yamal-401 Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[39]
83 28 December 2014 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Astra 2G Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[40]
84 1 February 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Inmarsat 5-F2 Satellite deployed into Supersynchronous orbit[41]
85 18 March 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Ekspress AM7 Satellite deployed into Geostationary orbit[42]
86 16 May 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Failure Mexsat-1
Third stage failure
87 28 August 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Inmarsat 5-F3
88 16 October 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Türksat 4B
89 13 December 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Kosmos 2513 (Garpun #2)
90 24 December 2015 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Ekspress AMU1
91 29 January 2016 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Eutelsat 9B
92 14 March 2016 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success ExoMars[43] Mars exploration/communication satellite
93 9 June 2016 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Intelsat 31
94 8 June 2017 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success EchoStar 21
95 16 August 2017 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Blagovest 11L
96 11 September 2017 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Amazonas 5
97 28 September 2017 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success AsiaSat 9
98 18 April 2018 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Blagovest 12L
99 21 December 2018 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Blagovest 13L
100 30 May 2019 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Yamal-601
101 5 August 2019 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 81/24 Template:Success Blagovest 14L
102 9 October 2019 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Eutelsat 5 West B / MEV-1
103 30 July 2020 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Ekspress-80 and Ekspress-103
104 13 December 2021 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Ekspress-AMU3 and Ekspress-AMU7
105 12 March 2023 Proton-M/Briz-M Baikonur, Site 200/39 Template:Success Olymp-K №2

Rokot/Briz-K/KM

Template:Main article

Angara A5/Briz-M

# Launch date Configuration Spaceport Result Payload Note
1 23 December 2014 Angara A5/Briz-M Plesetsk, Site 35 Template:Success Dummy satellite Maiden flight of Russia's new-generation Angara A5 launch vehicle
Mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage[44]
2 14 December 2020 Angara A5/Briz-M Plesetsk, Site 35 Template:Success Dummy satellite Second launch of the Angara A5/Briz-M
Mass simulator intentionally not separated from Briz-M upper stage

References

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  4. ↑ a b c Proton/Breeze-M International Launch Services, retrieved on 23 March 2009
  5. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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