Bismuth(III) iodide
Bismuth(III) iodide is the inorganic compound with the formula BiI3. This gray-black salt is the product of the reaction of bismuth and iodine, which once was of interest in qualitative inorganic analysis.[1][2]
Bismuth(III) iodide adopts a distinctive crystal structure, with iodide centres occupying a hexagonally closest-packed lattice, and bismuth centres occupying either none or two-thirds of the octahedral holes (alternating by layer), therefore it is said to occupy one third of the total octahedral holes.[3][4]
Synthesis
Bismuth(III) iodide forms upon heating an intimate mixture of iodine and bismuth powder:[5][6]
- 2Bi + 3I2 → 2BiI3
BiI3 can also be made by the reaction of bismuth oxide with aqueous hydroiodic acid:[7]
- Bi2O3(s) + 6HI(aq) → 2BiI3(s) + 3H2O(l)
Reactions
Since bismuth(III) iodide is insoluble in water, an aqueous solution can be tested for the presence of Bi3+ ions by adding a source of iodide such as potassium iodide. A black precipitate of bismuth(III) iodide indicates a positive test.[8]
Bismuth(III) iodide forms iodobismuth(III) anions when heated with halide donors:[9]
- 2 NaI + BiI3 → Na2[BiI5]
Bismuth(III) iodide catalyzes the Mukaiyama aldol reaction. Bi(III) is also used in a Barbier type allylation of carbonyl compounds in combination with a reducing agent such as zinc or magnesium.
References
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