Bibb County, Georgia

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Bibb County is located in the U.S. state of Georgia. As of the 2020 census, its population was 157,346.[1] Bibb County is geographically located in the Central Georgia (Middle Georgia) region, and is the largest county in the Macon metropolitan area (metropolitan statistical area).

Bibb County has a consolidated city-county government following a merger of the county with its county seat and largest city, Macon, in 2014. They were later joined in this consolidated government in 2015 by the county's only other municipality, Payne City.[2]

History

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". This area was inhabited for thousands of years by successive indigenous peoples. The Ocmulgee National Monument is a national park and historic site incorporating two major mound and town complexes: Lamar Mounds and Village Site and Ocmulgee Mound Site, both located along the Ocmulgee River. They were built by indigenous peoples during the Mississippian culture era. The detailed chronicles of the Hernando de Soto expedition recorded visiting Ichisi, a major village, in 1539. Historians and archeologists have theorized it may have been located at the Lamar Mounds complex.[3]

For centuries, the historic Native Americans Muscogee tribe, descendants of this culture, was the predominant one in a large area of Georgia, including that later organized as Bibb County. During the colonial period, Anglo colonists carried on a brisk trade with them and allied with them in certain wars in the Southeast. With European-American land hunger to extend cotton cultivation in the Georgia uplands, the Muscogee and other four Civilized Tribes of the Southeast were forcibly relocated to Indian Territory west of the Mississippi River, in the Indian Removal of the 1830s, during the administration of President Andrew Jackson. The Indian tribes affected refer to their journey is as the "Trail of Tears", since many died during the march west.

In the late 18th century, the cotton gin was invented, making profitable the processing of short-staple cotton. This could be grown across the uplands of the South, in contrast to the long-staple cotton of the Low Country. Bibb is considered one of the counties of the "Black Belt", which originally referred to the fertile dark soil in these uplands. The area was developed by European-American planters, who used enslaved African Americans as workers to clear land and develop large cotton plantations during the antebellum years. Cotton generated high profits, since it was in demand in the textile mills of the northern states and England. By the 1860 census, shortly before the American Civil War, more than a million enslaved African Americans lived in Georgia, and they constituted a majority of the population in much of the Black Belt.

Bibb County was created by act of the Georgia Legislature on December 9, 1822, with Macon to be incorporated as a town/city in December 1823; designated the county seat. It was carved from the earlier territories of the counties of Jones, Monroe, Houston, and Twiggs Counties. The county seat has not been changed since, and no other subsequent county in the state has ever been created ("erected") out of land from Bibb County.

The county was named for Dr. William Wyatt Bibb, a physician from Elbert County, who served in the U.S. House of Representatives and United States Senate from Georgia. After he moved to the new Alabama Territory, he was later elected as the first governor of the new State of Alabama upon its admission.

Civil War to present

Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". During the Civil War, an estimated 10% of the white males in the county lost their lives while serving in the Confederate States Army.[4] The war gained the emancipation of slaves across the South. Georgia had been a battleground, and Atlanta and many other areas were left in ruins.

Well into the 20th century, the county depended on cotton and other agriculture as its economic base. It was subject to related vagaries of weather, financial markets, and the devastation of the invasive boll weevil in the early 20th century, which destroyed cotton crops across the South.

After the Civil War and during the 20th century, the county seat of Macon continued to serve as the county's principal population center, site of the most significant landmarks, and the location of major historical events.

On July 31, 2012, voters in the City of Macon (57.8% approval) and Bibb County (56.7% approval) passed a referendum to merge the governments of the city and the county, based on the authorization of House Bill 1171 passed by the Georgia General Assembly earlier in the year.[5] Four previous consolidation attempts (in 1933, 1960, 1972, and 1976) had failed.[6][7][8] The consolidation took effect on January 1, 2014, along with the deannexation from the city of a small portion of land in Jones County.

In addition to Macon, Bibb County contained one other municipality, Payne City (or Payne), an enclave of around 200 people that was surrounded entirely by the preconsolidation City of Macon. In the 2012 referendum, Payne City voters rejected consolidation by a vote of 9 to 7, so it was not merged into the consolidated government. In early 2015, at the request of the small city's government, the Georgia General Assembly passed a bill dissolving Payne City, merging it with the rest of Macon-Bibb County.[2]

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (2.2%) is water.[9] The entirety of Bibb County is located in the Upper Ocmulgee River sub-basin of the Altamaha River basin.[10]

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Communities

Cities

Unincorporated communities

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
18307,154—
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185012,699Script error: No such module "String".%
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190050,473Script error: No such module "String".%
191056,646Script error: No such module "String".%
192071,304Script error: No such module "String".%
193077,042Script error: No such module "String".%
194083,783Script error: No such module "String".%
1950114,079Script error: No such module "String".%
1960141,249Script error: No such module "String".%
1970143,418Script error: No such module "String".%
1980150,256Script error: No such module "String".%
1990149,967Script error: No such module "String".%
2000153,887Script error: No such module "String".%
2010155,547Script error: No such module "String".%
2020157,346Script error: No such module "String".%
2025 (est.)157,556[11] IncreaseScript error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]
1790-1880[13] 1890-1910[14]
1920-1930[15] 1930-1940[16]
1940-1950[17] 1960-1980[18]
1980-2000[19] 2010[20] 2020[21]

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Racial and ethnic composition

Bibb County, Georgia – Racial and ethnic composition
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Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[22] Pop 1990[23] Pop 2000[24] Pop 2010[20] Pop 2020[21] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 90,953 85,744 76,262 65,494 56,787 60.53% 57.18% 49.56% 42.11% 36.09%
Black or African American alone (NH) 57,627 62,330 72,503 80,744 85,234 38.35% 41.56% 47.11% 51.91% 54.17%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 109 180 255 287 281 0.07% 0.12% 0.17% 0.18% 0.18%
Asian alone (NH) 446 766 1,632 2,492 3,209 0.30% 0.51% 1.06% 1.60% 2.04%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [25] x [26] 35 74 42 x x 0.02% 0.05% 0.03%
Other race alone (NH) 85 31 92 215 602 0.06% 0.02% 0.06% 0.14% 0.38%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [27] x [28] 1,085 1,852 4,454 x x 0.71% 1.19% 2.83%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 1,036 916 2,023 4,389 6,737 0.69% 0.61% 1.31% 2.82% 4.28%
Total 150,256 149,967 153,887 155,547 157,346 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 157,346. Of the residents, 23.2% were under the age of 18 and 16.9% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 37.9 years. For every 100 females there were 89.1 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 85.2 males. 85.9% of residents lived in urban areas and 14.1% lived in rural areas.[29][30][31]

There were 62,762 households in the county, including 33,573 families; 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 40.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[30]

There were 71,901 housing units, of which 12.7% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 50.0% were owner-occupied and 50.0% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.1% and the rental vacancy rate was 9.4%.[30]

Crime

In 2022, Bibb County had the highest crime rate in Georgia. Bibb County had a rate of 52.6 crimes per 1,000 residents. The most common was larceny theft, of which there were 3,694 incidents, while the second most common crime was aggravated assault, with 1,911 committed. Overall, Bibb had the highest crime rate for seven of the ten crime categories, including murder, robbery, motor vehicle theft and arson.[32]

Government and politics

Since the 2014 consolidation, Macon-Bibb has been governed by a mayor, elected at-large (county-wide), along with a nine-member county commission with members elected from single-member districts.[33][34][35]

Like all other Georgia counties, Bibb has an elected sheriff responsible for maintaining the jail. Bibb's sheriff also manages the county's law enforcement duties, with their deputies acting as the city and county police force. As of 2019Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters"., the current sheriff is David Davis.[36]

Bibb County is divided between Georgia's 2nd congressional district and Georgia's 8th congressional district in elections to the United States House of Representatives.

Elections

File:Bibb County Courthouse, base of Confederate monument, circa 1876 - DPLA - 54681e1bd3e6d3f9e7328362443594da.jpeg
Bibb County Courthouse, circa 1876

In 2013, the consolidated city-county held its first elections. Macon's incumbent mayor Robert Reichert received 49% of the vote in the general election on September 17 over the other five mayoral candidates, but a winner had to take a majority of the vote. Reichert subsequently won 63% of the vote in a runoff election against former Macon mayor C. Jack Ellis.[37] Reichert was unopposed for re-election in 2016, following the death of his only opponent before the election. Under the city-county charter, the mayor is subject to term limits and may serve only two consecutive terms. Reichert had to leave office in December 2020.[38]

As an urban county with a majority African-American population, voters in Bibb County consistently vote at high rates for Democratic candidates in presidential elections. During the late 19th century and into the late 1960s, when most African Americans were disenfranchised by the state constitution and practices under Jim Crow, white conservatives dominated the Democratic Party and voting. The combination of these two contrasting affiliations resulted in the majority of county voters having supported for a Republican presidential candidate only three times in its history. Bibb was the only county in the 2004 flag referendum to vote to keep the 2001 flag.[39] Template:PresHead Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresRow Template:PresFoot Template:U.S. SenHead Template:U.S. SenRow Template:U.S. SenRow Template:U.S. SenFoot Template:U.S. SenHead Template:U.S. SenRow Template:U.S. SenRow Template:U.S. SenRow Template:U.S. SenRow Template:U.S. SenFoot Template:G.A. GovHead Template:G.A. GovRow Template:G.A. GovFoot

United States Congress

Senators Name Party Assumed Office Level
  Senate Class 2 Raphael Warnock Democratic 2021
  Senate Class 3 Jon Ossoff Democratic 2021
Representatives Name Party Assumed Office
  District 2 Sanford Bishop Democratic 1993
  District 8 Austin Scott Republican 2011

Georgia General Assembly

Georgia State Senate

District Name Party Assumed office
  18 John F. Kennedy Republican 2015
  25 Rick Williams Republican 2023
  51 David Lucas Democratic 2011

Georgia House of Representatives

District Name Party Assumed office
  140 Robert Dickey Republican 2011
  141 Allen Peake Republican 2011
  142 Miriam Paris Democratic 2017
  143 James Beverly Democratic 2011
  144 Bubber Epps Republican 2008

[40][41][42]

Recreation

A view of the calm Lake Tobesofkee in the wintertime. Taken facing Northwest from beside the Lower Thomaston Road Bridge.
Lake Tobesofkee in the Wintertime

Lake Tobesofkee, about Script error: No such module "convert". west of Macon, has three parks. Claystone, Sandy Beach, and Arrowhead Parks, each with a beach, and children's playgrounds. Sandy Beach has lighted tennis courts, a water park with many attractions, and a softball field.[43]

Education

Bibb County School District is the school district covering all of the consolidated city-county.[44]

Transportation

Major highways

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  • Script error: No such module "Jct". (Interstate 16)
  • Script error: No such module "Jct". (Interstate 75)
  • Script error: No such module "Jct". (Interstate 475)
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  • Script error: No such module "Jct". (Fall Line Freeway)

Public transportation


Pedestrians and cycling

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  • Heritage Trail
  • Ocmulgee Heritage Trail

See also

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  3. ↑ Charles M. Hudson, Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun, University of Georgia Press, 1997, pp. 157-162
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ City-County Consolidation Proposals, 1921 - Present Script error: No such module "webarchive"., National Association of Counties. Retrieved February 11, 2011.
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Consolidation pass for Macon and Bibb county in the 2012 vote.CONSOLIDATION OF CITY AND COUNTY GOVERNMENTS: ATTEMPTS IN FIVE CITIES Script error: No such module "webarchive".. Retrieved September 14, 2010.
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  26. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  27. ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
  28. ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
    Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". - Text list

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External links

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