Bièvre (river)
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The Bièvre (Script error: No such module "IPA".) is a Template:Convert long river of the Île-de-France Script error: No such module "Lang". that flows into the Seine (left bank) in Paris.[1]
Name
The name is often thought to derive from the archaic French word Template:Wikt-lang meaning "beaver". However, there is no evidence of beavers having inhabited the area. Other suggested origins are a Celtic word for "mud", Latin Script error: No such module "Lang". "to drink", and French Template:Wikt-lang, a word describing the man-made canals that carried water to mill wheels.[2]
Course
The source of the Bièvre is in Guyancourt, département Yvelines.[3] From there, it flows through the following départements and towns:
- Yvelines: Jouy-en-Josas
- Essonne: Bièvres, Massy
- Hauts-de-Seine: Antony
- Val de Marne: Fresnes, L'Haÿ-les-Roses, Cachan, Arcueil, Gentilly
The river enters Paris near Stade Charléty (close to the border between the 13th and 14th arrondissements), and reaches the Seine River in the Latin Quarter (5th arrondissement) close to Île de la Cité. Template:Stack The Bièvre was diverted from its original course in 1148 by the monks of the abbey of Saint-Victor.[4] This diversion is reflected in maps of Paris dating from the 13th century.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Historically the river was heavily industrialized with mills, which led to the straightening of the river. Tanneries, butcher shops and dye-makers were built along its banks, leading to serious pollution concerns.
Starting in the 18th century, the river was gradually culverted. Eleven kilometers are canalised under slabs and 5 km have disappeared under rubble and urbanisation in Paris. In modern times the Bièvre forms a rainwater system.[3]
Restoration project
In 2003, 200m of the Bièvre was re-opened in the Parc des Près in Fresnes.[5] At the same time, over twenty direct wastewater connections to the Bièvre were eliminated. When the river is completely disconnected from the wastewater system, the stormwater from the river will no longer flow into a wastewater treatment plant but will instead flow directly into the River Seine, which is expected to lead to significant savings in wastewater treatment costs.[3]
Another section of the Bièvre between Massy and Verrières was re-opened in 2006.[6]
See also
- River Fleet in London
- Subterranean river
References
External links
- ↑ Template:Sandre
- ↑ Mary Winston Nicklin, "Parisians want to recover a legendary river now buried under concrete", National Geographic, February 2021.
- ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ pdf about the Fresnes reopening of the Bievre, at www.onema.fr Template:Webarchive
- ↑ The Syndicat intercommunal d’assainissement de la vallée de la Bièvre (Bièvre Valley Intermunicipal Sewerage Association), siavb.fr