Bernadotte Everly Schmitt
Template:Short description Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Wikidata image Bernadotte Everly Schmitt (May 19, 1886 – March 23, 1969) was an American historian who was professor of Modern European History at the University of Chicago from 1924 to 1946.[1] He is best known for his study of the causes of World War I, in which he emphasized Germany's perceived responsibility and rejected revisionist arguments.[2]
Biography
Schmitt received his Master of Arts from the University of Oxford and his PhD from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.[3] In 1916 he gained notice with England and Germany, 1740–1914. His book The Coming of the War, 1914 (published in 1930[4]) won him the 1930 George Louis Beer Prize of the American Historical Association[5] and the 1931 Pulitzer Prize for History.[3]
This work, for which he remains best known, took issue with the equally prominent study of the origins of the First World War published two years earlier by Sidney Fay (for which its author had also won a Beer Prize). In contrast to Fay's argument that Serbia and Russia were culpable, Schmitt insisted that Germany had indeed been largely responsible for the catastrophe. The debate between the "orthodox" school represented by Schmitt, Luigi Albertini and Pierre Renouvin, and the "revisionist" school of Fay, Harry Elmer Barnes and others that shifted blame from the Central Powers to the Allies, dominated scholarship on the "war-guilt" question until the publication of Fritz Fischer's Griff nach der Weltmacht (Germany's Aims in the First World War) (1961), which reopened the debate with a fresh approach by blaming Germany's prewar ambitions.[6]
Schmitt was the first editor of the Journal of Modern History, serving from 1929 to 1946.[3] In 1937 Schmitt published The Annexation of Bosnia, 1908–1909.[3][7]
Schmitt was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1938 and the American Philosophical Society in 1942.[8][9] In 1960, he was President of the American Historical Association.[3] He died in 1969.[10]
Legacy
The American Historical Association offers the Bernadotte E. Schmitt Grants to support research in the history of Europe, Africa, and Asia.
References
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- ↑ Keir A. Lieber, "The new history of World War I and what it means for international relations theory." International Security 32.2 (2007): 155-191. onlineScript error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Cbignore
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- ↑ Novick, Peter. That Noble Dream: The Objectivity Question and the American Historical Profession (Cambridge University Press, 1988), pp. 206–222.
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Bibliography
- Lieber, Keir A. "The new history of World War I and what it means for international relations theory." International Security 32.2 (2007): 155–191. onlineScript error: No such module "Unsubst".Template:Cbignore
Further reading
- Williamson Jr, Samuel R., and Ernest R. May. "An identity of opinion: Historians and July 1914." Journal of Modern History 79.2 (2007): 335–387. online
External links
- Guide to the Bernadotte E. Schmitt Papers 1913-1961 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
- The University of Chicago Photographic Archive
Template:PulitzerPrize HistoryAuthors 1926–1950 Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control
- Pages with script errors
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- 1886 births
- 1969 deaths
- 20th-century American historians
- American male non-fiction writers
- Pulitzer Prize for History winners
- University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
- University of Chicago faculty
- People from Strasburg, Virginia
- Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
- Historians from Virginia
- 20th-century American male writers
- Members of the American Philosophical Society
- Members of Phi Kappa Phi