Benton County, Arkansas

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Benton County is a county in the Northwest region of the U.S. state of Arkansas. Created as Arkansas' 35th county on September 30, 1836, Benton County contains thirteen incorporated municipalities, including Bentonville, the county seat, and Rogers, the most populous city. The county was named after Thomas Hart Benton, a U.S. Senator from Missouri influential in Arkansas statehood.

The county is located within the Springfield Plateau of the Ozarks. Much of eastern Benton County is located along Beaver Lake, a reservoir of the White River. The county contains three protected areas: Logan Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Pea Ridge National Military Park, and Devil's Eyebrow Natural Area, as well as parts of the Ozark National Forest, Hobbs State Park – Conservation Area, and two state wildlife management areas.

Benton County occupies Script error: No such module "convert". and contained a population of 284,333 people in 100,749 households as of the 2020 Census,[1] ranking it tenth in size and second in population among the state's 75 counties. The county's economy is heavily influenced by the presence of Walmart, headquartered in Bentonville, and hundreds of associated businesses, with agriculture, tourism, and construction also important sectors. Benton County's median household income is the highest in Arkansas and slightly above the national median.[2][3]

History

Prior to white settlement of the county, the region was used by roving bands of Osage and Delaware who used the area for seasonal hunting grounds. Initial white settlement on Benton County took place around Maysville around 1830, followed by areas around Garfield, Cross Hollow, and Centerton. Settlers were predominantly from Tennessee, followed by Southern Piedmont states.[4] Benton County was created from neighboring Washington County by the Arkansas General Assembly on September 30, 1836. Created shortly after statehood, it was named for Thomas Hart Benton, a U.S. Senator from Missouri influential in Arkansas's statehood.[5]

Following establishment, a citizen committee was established to select the county seat. It decided to create Bentonville, with a town square and 136 lots around it, in 1837. The first building serving as courthouse was the home of George P. Wallace, the first county judge, for the 1837 court term. By the following year, a log structure on the north side of the Bentonville square was complete and served as the first permanent courthouse. In 1841, a contractor was building a brick courthouse in the middle of the Bentonville square. It was burned by Union troops during the Civil War in 1862. Court resumed after the war in a rented office for a few months until a new two-story frame building was constructed east of the county jail. In 1870, the search for a more permanent home for county government began, and a new structure was finished after significant struggle and controversy, in 1874. This building was replaced by the present-day Benton County Courthouse in 1928.[6]

On May 26, 2024, Benton County experienced the largest tornado in Arkansas history, an EF3 with a width of Script error: No such module "convert".. This also initiated the first ever Arkansas appearance of FEMA for emergency disaster relief.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

Geography

Benton County is located within the Springfield Plateau subset of the Ozark Mountains. The plateau is gently rolling compared to the steeper Boston Mountains to the south and east, and contains karst features such as springs, losing streams, sinkholes, and caves. Groundcover historically consisted of oak–hickory forests, savannas, and tall grass prairies. Today, most of the forest and almost all of the prairie have been replaced by agriculture or expanding residential areas. Poultry, cattle, and hog farming are primary land uses; pastureland and hayland are common. Application of poultry litter to agricultural fields is a non-point source that can impair water quality. Total suspended solids and turbidity values in streams are usually low, but total dissolved solids and water hardness values are high.[7]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has a total area of Script error: No such module "convert"., of which Script error: No such module "convert". is land and Script error: No such module "convert". (4.14%) is water.[8] It is the 12th largest county in Arkansas by total area.[9] Most of the water is in Beaver Lake.

The county is located approximately Script error: No such module "convert". east of Tulsa, Oklahoma, Script error: No such module "convert". south of Kansas City, Missouri, and Script error: No such module "convert". northwest of Little Rock, Arkansas.[Note 1] Benton County is surrounded by Barry County, Missouri and McDonald County, Missouri to the north, Delaware County, Oklahoma and Adair County, Oklahoma to the west, Carroll County to the east, and the other two counties of the NWA metropolitan area: Madison County to the east, and Washington County to the south. The highest point in Benton County is near the Lost Bridge Village Community Center on Whitney Mountain (formerly known as Poor Mountain).[11]

Hydrology

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File:Beaver Lake from Prairie Creek, Arkansas.jpg
Beaver Lake as seen from the Prairie Creek community

Benton County is divided into five watersheds. The eastern part of the county is drained by the White River, which includes Beaver Lake. Major tributaries include War Eagle Creek, Little Clifty Creek, Spider Creek, Indian Creek, Prairie Creek and Esculapia Creek. Northern Benton County is within the Elk River watershed; the northeast corner is drained by tributaries to Big Sugar Creek; north central Benton County drains to Little Sugar Creek. The southwest part of Benton County is within the Illinois River watershed; southwest and south-central parts of the county drain to Osage Creek and western Benton County drains to Flint Creek or Spavinaw Creek. Northeastern Benton County drains to tributaries of the Neosho River.[11] A very small part of northwestern Benton County drains to the Grand Lake.

The county has natural springs, which were very important to early settlers. Benton County communities named for their nearby springs include Cave Springs, Eldorado Springs, Elm Springs, Osage Mills, Siloam Springs, Springdale, Springtown, and Sulphur Springs.

Protected areas

Benton County contains eight protected areas and parts of three more. Three are federally administered, with the remainder under state jurisdiction.

Three areas preserve karst landforms: Logan Cave National Wildlife Refuge, which was created to preserve the endangered gray bat, endangered Benton cave crayfish, the threatened Ozark cavefish, and other significant cave dwelling wildlife species,[12][13] Cave Springs Cave Natural Area, and Healing Springs Natural Area.

Beaver Lake Wildlife Management Area (WMA), Hobbs State Park - Conservation Area, and Devil's Eyebrow Natural Area preserve steep Ozark Mountain terrain around Beaver Lake. Two preserve the flat prairies of the Springfield Plateau: Chesney Prairie Natural Area and Searles Prairie Natural Area.

Pea Ridge National Military Park preserves the site and interprets the impact of the Battle of Pea Ridge during the American Civil War.

Demographics

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Historical population
CensusPop.Template:Sronly%±
18402,228—
18503,710Script error: No such module "String".%
18609,306Script error: No such module "String".%
187013,831Script error: No such module "String".%
188020,328Script error: No such module "String".%
189027,716Script error: No such module "String".%
190031,611Script error: No such module "String".%
191033,389Script error: No such module "String".%
192036,253Script error: No such module "String".%
193035,253Script error: No such module "String".%
194036,148Script error: No such module "String".%
195038,076Script error: No such module "String".%
196036,272Script error: No such module "String".%
197050,476Script error: No such module "String".%
198078,115Script error: No such module "String".%
199097,499Script error: No such module "String".%
2000153,406Script error: No such module "String".%
2010221,339Script error: No such module "String".%
2020284,333Script error: No such module "String".%
2025 (est.)332,554[14] IncreaseScript error: No such module "String".%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]
1790–1960[16] 1900–1990[17]
1990–2000[18] 2010–2020[19]

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Racial and ethnic composition

Benton County, Arkansas – Racial and ethnic composition
<templatestyles src="Nobold/styles.css"/>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 1980[20] Pop 1990[21] Pop 2000[22] Pop 2010[23] Pop 2020[24] % 1980 % 1990 % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 76,255 94,158 133,094 169,605 191,761 97.62% 96.57% 86.76% 76.63% 67.44%
Black or African American alone (NH) 50 118 558 2,647 4,523 0.06% 0.12% 0.36% 1.20% 1.59%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 949 1,412 2,398 3,440 3,799 1.21% 1.45% 1.56% 1.55% 1.34%
Asian alone (NH) 245 441 1,644 6,245 13,602 0.31% 0.45% 1.07% 2.82% 4.78%
Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander alone (NH) x [25] x [26] 127 634 2,598 x x 0.08% 0.29% 0.91%
Other race alone (NH) 48 11 55 224 861 0.06% 0.01% 0.04% 0.10% 0.30%
Mixed race or Multiracial (NH) x [27] x [28] 2,061 4,261 16,649 x x 1.34% 1.93% 5.86%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 568 1,359 13,469 34,283 50,540 0.73% 1.39% 8.78% 15.49% 17.77%
Total 78,115 97,499 153,406 221,339 284,333 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2020 census

As of the 2020 census, the county had a population of 284,333. The median age was 35.3 years. 26.6% of residents were under the age of 18 and 13.6% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 97.6 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 95.0 males age 18 and over.[29][30]

The racial makeup of the county was 70.8% White, 1.7% Black or African American, 1.8% American Indian and Alaska Native, 4.8% Asian, 0.9% Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, 9.0% from some other race, and 11.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 17.8% of the population.[30]

76.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 24.0% lived in rural areas.[31]

There were 104,111 households in the county, of which 37.2% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 56.5% were married-couple households, 15.2% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 22.0% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 22.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.[29]

There were 113,088 housing units, of which 7.9% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 67.1% were owner-occupied and 32.9% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.9% and the rental vacancy rate was 7.9%.[29]

2010 census

As of the 2010 census, there were 221,339 people. The racial makeup of the county was 76.18% Non-Hispanic white, 1.27% Black or African American, 1.69% Native American, 2.85% Asian, 0.30% Pacific Islander. 15.49% of the population was Hispanic or Latino.[32]

2000 census

As of the 2000 census, there were 153,406 people, 58,212 households, and 43,484 families residing in the county. The population density was Script error: No such module "convert".. There were 64,281 housing units at an average density of Script error: No such module "convert".. The racial makeup of the county was 90.87% White, 0.41% Black or African American, 1.65% Native American, 1.09% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 4.08% from other races, and 1.82% from two or more races. 8.78% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

As of 2005 estimates, Benton County's population was 81.7% non-Hispanic white, while the percentage of Latinos grew by 60 percent in the time period. 1.1% of the population was African-American; 1.6% was Native American (the historical presence of the Cherokee Indians live in close proximity to Oklahoma); 1.7% was Asian (there was a large influx of Filipinos, Vietnamese and South Asian immigrants in recent decades) and 0.2% of the population was Pacific Islander. 1.6% reported two or more races, usually not black-white due to a minuscule African-American population. 12.8% was Latino, but the United States Hispanic Chamber of Commerce believed the official estimate is underreported and Latinos could well be 20 percent of the population.[33]

There were 58,212 households, out of which 34.40% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.00% were married couples living together, 8.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.30% were non-families. 21.10% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.50% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.60 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the county, the population was spread out, with 26.60% under the age of 18, 8.60% from 18 to 24, 29.40% from 25 to 44, 21.10% from 45 to 64, and 14.30% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.40 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.90 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,281, and the median income for a family was $45,235. Males had a median income of $30,327 versus $22,469 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,377. About 7.30% of families and 10.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.80% of those under age 18 and 7.30% of those age 65 or over.

Culture

After the end of Prohibition in 1933, Benton County voters voted that year to stay dry and voted twice in 1944 to stay dry.[34] In 2012, Benton County voters elected to make the county wet, allowing countywide retail alcohol sales.[35]

Economy

Transportation

Major highways

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The historic Trail of Tears is on US highways 62 and 71 and connects with U.S. Route 412 in nearby Washington County.

Airports

Rail

The Arkansas and Missouri Railroad parallels US Highways 62 and 71 in the county.

The St. Louis–San Francisco Railway (commonly known as the "Frisco") was completed across Benton County in 1881. The Bentonville Railway Company operated a freight and passenger railroad between Rogers and Bentonville between 1883 and 1898.[36]

Government and politics

Government

The county government is a constitutional body granted specific powers by the Constitution of Arkansas and the Arkansas Code. The quorum court is the legislative branch of the county government and controls all spending and revenue collection. Representatives are called justices of the peace and are elected from county districts every even-numbered year. The number of districts in a county vary from nine to fifteen, and district boundaries are drawn by the county election commission. The Benton County Quorum Court has fifteen members. Presiding over quorum court meetings is the county judge, who serves as the chief operating officer of the county. The county judge is elected at-large and does not vote in quorum court business, although capable of vetoing quorum court decisions.[37][38]

Benton County, Arkansas elected countywide officials[39][40][41]
Position Officeholder Party
County Judge Barry Moehring Republican
County Clerk Betsy Harrell Republican
Circuit Clerk Brenda DeShields Republican
Sheriff Shawn Holloway Republican
Treasurer Deanna Ratcliffe Republican
Collector Gloria Peterson Republican
Assessor Roderick Grieve Republican
Coroner Daniel Oxford Republican

The composition of the Quorum Court following the 2024 elections is 15 Republicans. Justices of the Peace (members) of the Quorum Court following the elections are:[42][43][44]

  • District 1: Jeff Dunn (R) of Rogers
  • District 2: Ken Farmer (R) of Rogers
  • District 3: Richard McKeehan (R) of Rogers
  • District 4: Mike Miller (R) of Rogers
  • District 5: Carrie Perrien Smith (R) of Rogers
  • District 6: Brian Armas
  • District 7: Joseph Bollinger (R) of Bella Vista
  • District 8: Joel Jones (R) of Bentonville
  • District 9: Gregory Woodell (R) (position now Vacant)
  • District 10: Danny McCrackin (R) of Bella Vista
  • District 11: Dustin Todd (R) of Bentonville
  • District 12: John Rissler (R) of Siloam Springs
  • District 13: Kurt S. Moore (R) of Siloam Springs
  • District 14: Bethany Rosenbaum (R) of Lowell
  • District 15: Joel Edwards (R) of Centerton

Additionally, the townships of Benton County are entitled to elect their own respective constables, as set forth by the Constitution of Arkansas. Constables are largely of historical significance as they were used to keep the peace in rural areas when travel was more difficult.[45] The township constables as of the 2024 elections are:[43]

  • District 1: James Gibson (R)
  • District 2: Keith Brummett (R)
  • District 3: Stephen Rosser (R)
  • District 4: Gordon L. Fisher (R)
  • District 5: Steven Walls (R)

Politics

As is typical of the Ozarks and the Bible Belt, Benton County is strongly Republican. It was one of the first counties in Arkansas to break from the Democratic Solid South, supporting Republicans Herbert Hoover in 1928 and Thomas E. Dewey in 1944. It has not been carried by a Democratic presidential nominee since Harry S. Truman in 1948.[46] Along with nearby Sebastian County, it was one of the few counties in Arkansas to resist the appeal of Southern Democratic "favorite sons" Lyndon B. Johnson, Jimmy Carter, and Arkansas governor Bill Clinton,Template:Efn while also voting for Republican Richard Nixon in 1968 as George Wallace won Arkansas on the pro-segregation American Independent Party ticket. Carter, in 1976, remains the last Democrat to win even forty percent of the county's vote.

In Benton County, voters have supported the GOP in the last nineteen presidential elections.

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Communities

Cities

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Towns

Census-designated places

Townships

File:Benton County Arkansas 2010 Township Map large.jpg
Townships in Benton County, Arkansas as of 2010

Note: Most Arkansas counties have names for their townships. Benton County, however, has numbers instead of names.

Template:Arkansas Townships About[47][48]

Township FIPS code ANSI code
(GNIS ID)
Population
center(s)
Pop.
(2010)
Pop.
density
(/mi2)
Pop.
density
(/km2)
Total area
(mi2)
Total area
(km2)
Land area
(mi2)
Land area
(km2)
Water area
(mi2)
Water area
(km2)
Geographic coordinates
Township 1 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 all of: Garfield, Gateway, Lost Bridge Village, Prairie Creek; parts of: Avoca, Rogers 13,223 113.79 43.93 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Township 2 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 small parts of: Lowell, Rogers, Springdale 14,279 150.33 58.04 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Township 3 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 parts of: Lowell, Rogers, Springdale; most of Bethel Heights 20,037 1,903.93 735.03 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Township 4 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 all of Cave Springs; most of the following: Lowell, Rogers, Springdale (within Benton County); small parts of Elm Springs 25,596 518.70 200.28 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Township 5 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 part of Rogers 12,792 2,873.32 1,109.45 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Township 6 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 most of Little Flock; almost half of Avoca; small parts of Bentonville, Pea Ridge, Rogers 14,033 671.18 259.15 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Township 7 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 most of Pea Ridge; part of Bella Vista; small part of Bentonville 20,317 331.80 128.10 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Township 8 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 part of Bentonville 12,637 1,575.69 608.43 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Township 9 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 most of: Bentonville, Centerton; small part of Highfill 31,362 638.18 246.36 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Township 10 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 most of: Bella Vista, Hiwasse 16,402 385.73 148.97 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Township 11 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 all of: Cherokee City, Decatur, Gravette, Maysville, Sulphur Springs; small parts of: Centerton, Highfill, Hiwasse 12,273 59.13 22.83 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Township 12 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 most of Gentry; more than half of Siloam Springs 15,158 361.65 139.58 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
Township 13 Template:FIPS Template:GNIS4 all of Springtown; most of Highfill; small parts of: Elm Springs, Gentry, Springdale 13,230 94.13 36.35 Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "convert". Script error: No such module "Coordinates".
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Education

School districts include:[49]

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See also

Notes

Template:Notelist

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  1. ↑ Mileages from Benton County to Tulsa, Kansas City, and Little Rock are based on highway miles using county seat Bentonville for Benton County.[10]

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1980 Census
  26. ↑ included in the Asian category in the 1990 Census
  27. ↑ not an option in the 1980 Census
  28. ↑ not an option in the 1990 Census
  29. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Template:Harvp.
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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  43. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Sullivan, Robert David; ‘How the Red and Blue Map Evolved Over the Past Century’; America Magazine in The National Catholic Review; June 29, 2016
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". - Text list

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External links

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