Beit Lahia

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "Distinguish". Template:Pp-extended Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Settlement short description".Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for conflicting parameters".Expression error: Unexpected < operator. Beit Lahia or Beit Lahiya (Template:Langx) is a city in the Gaza Strip, north of Jabalia, in the North Gaza Governorate of the State of Palestine. It sits next to Beit Hanoun and close to the border with Israel. According to the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, the city had a population of 89,838 in 2017.[1]

Geography

Beit Lahia is surrounded by dunes, some of which rise to Script error: No such module "convert". above sea level. The area is renowned for its many large sycamore fig trees. The city is known for its fresh, sweet water,Script error: No such module "Unsubst". berries and citrus trees.[2] According to Edward Henry Palmer, "Lahia" was from "Lahi", a personal name.[3]

History

Roman period

Beit Lahia has an ancient hill and nearby lay abandoned village ruins.[2] The town has been identified as the Bethelia and had originally a pagan temple.[4][5]

According to the 5th century historian Sozomen, whose family had lived in the town for several generations, the townspeople started converting to Christianity due to the hermit Hilarion who is attributed to have healed miraculously a citizen called Alaphion.[6] An eremitic center was founded around the year 360 in the village, housing around four anchorites who were disciples of Hilarion.[4] Ceramics from the Byzantine period have been found.[7]

Early Islamic period

A mihrab, or mosque alcove indicating the direction of salah (Muslim daily prayers), is all that remains of an ancient mosque to the west of Beit Lahia dating to the end of the Fatimid Caliphate and beginning of the Ayyubid dynasty of Saladin, and two other mosques dating to the Gaza Sanjak of the Ottoman era.[2] Yaqut al-Hamawi (d. 1229) described "Bait Lihya" as being located "near Ghazzah", and he further noted that "it is a village with many fruit-trees".[8]

Mamluk period

A marble slab, deposited in the maqam of Salim Abu Musallam in Beit Lahia is inscribed in late Mamluk naskhi letters. It is an epitaph over four sons of the Governor of Gaza, Aqbay al-Ashrafi, who all died in the month of Rajab 897 AH (29 April–9 May 1492 CE). It is assumed that the children died of the plague, described by Mujir al-Din, which ravaged Palestine in 1491–1492.[9]

Ottoman Empire

In 1517, the village was incorporated into the Damascus Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in 1596, Beit Lahia appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the nahiyah (subdistrict) of the Gaza Sanjak. It had a population of 70 Muslim households and paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on various agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and/or beehives.[10]

During the 17th and 18th centuries, the area of Beit Lahia experienced a significant process of settlement decline due to Bedouin pressures on local communities. The residents of abandoned villages moved to surviving settlements, but the land continued to be cultivated by neighboring villages.[11]

In 1838, Edward Robinson noted Beit Lehia as a Muslim village located in the Gaza district.[12]

In May 1863, Victor Guérin visited the village. He described it:

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[P]eopled by 250 inhabitants, it occupies an oblong valley, well cultivated, and surrounded by high sand-dunes, which cause a great heat. It is a little oasis, incessantly menaced by moving sand-hills, which surround it on every side, and would engulf it were it not for the continued struggle of man to arrest their progress.[13]

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An Ottoman village list from about 1870 showed that Beit Lahia had a population of 394, with a total of 118 houses, though the population count included men only.[14][15]

In 1883 the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described it as a "small village with fine gardens and groves of large and ancient olives in the middle of the sand. It has a well to the south [..] There is a small mosque in the village."[5]

Mandatory Palestine

File:Beit Lahia 1931.jpg
Beit Lahia 1931 1:20,000

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bait Lahia had a population of 871 inhabitants, all Muslims,[16] increasing by the 1931 census to 1,133, still all Muslim, in 223 houses.[17]

File:Beit Hanoun 1945.jpg
Beit Lahia 1945 1:250,000

In the 1945 statistics the population of Beit Lahiya consisted of 1,700 Muslims[18] and the land area was 38,376 dunams, according to an official land and population survey.[19] Of this, 134 dunams were designated for citrus and bananas, 1,765 for plantations and irrigable land, 15,185 for cereals,[20] while 18 dunams were built-up areas.[21]

2004–2023

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File:12 - Beit Lahiya (3225148768).jpg
View of Beit Lahia in 2006 after an Israeli airstrike

On 9 June 2006, eight civilians were killed by IDF shells while picnicking on the northern Gaza beach in Beit Lahia. The dead included seven members of the Ali Ghaliya family.[22] The IDF disputed they were responsible.[23]

File:Palestinian UN workers inspect a classroom following an Israeli strike over a UN school in Beit Lahia, northern Gaza Strip early on January 17, 2009.jpg
Israeli bombing of a school in Beit Lahia, January 17, 2009.

The town was a frequent target of airstrikes by Israel during the Gaza War (2008–2009) and has been a battlefield between Israel and Hamas.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".

The Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque missile strike occurred on 3 January 2009 as part of the Gaza War when an Israeli missile hit the Ibrahim al-Maqadna Mosque during evening prayer.[24] Witnesses said over 200 Palestinians were praying inside at the time.[25][26] At least 14 people, including six children, were killed, and many more than 60 wounded.[26]

In 2017, the Edward Said Public Library was established in Beit Lahia by the poet Mosab Abu Toha; it was the first public library in the Gaza Strip for English-language works.[27]

Gaza war (2023–present)

In December 2023, the Israel Defence Forces began their offensive in Beit Lahia. Israel launched airstrikes on targets Hamas militants.[28] Though they launched several assaults on the city, Israel did not fully occupy Beit Lahia. Rather, they had encircled the town and occupied the surrounding villages and farmland.

In January 2024, Israel withdrew from the majority of North Gaza, and a ground connection between Palestinian-controlled Gaza City was re-established. Around this time, the Gaza Soup Kitchen was established in Beit Lahia to provide food to Palestinians at risk of famine.[29][30]

File:Images of war 23-25 from Gaza, by Jaber Badwen, IMG 6179.jpg
Damage caused by the Israeli army in Beit Lahia, February 23, 2025

In April 2024, Israel withdrew all territories in the Gaza Strip except for the Netzarim Corridor, returning the northern villages such as As-Siafa back to Palestinian control until the second Israeli invasion of northern Gaza in May 2024 as a result of Hamas regrouping in some areas there.[31]

By June 2024, Gaza's Civil Defence stated the destruction in Beit Lahia "defies imagination".[32]

On 29 October 2024, nearly 100 civilians, including over 20 children, were killed in a bombing of a five-story building by Israeli Forces. The Gaza Health Ministry reported over 90 casualties, including 25 children, with numerous individuals trapped under the rubble.[33][34]

On 26 March 2025, The Guardian reported that hundreds of Palestinians, mostly male, had gathered in Beit Lahia, chanting anti-Hamas slogans.[35]

Demography

Some of Beit Lahia's residents trace their origins to Egypt, while others are Bedouins who migrated from the Mount Hebron area.[36]

International relations

Beit Lahia is twin or sister cities with:

References

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  1. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  2. ↑ a b c Beit Lahaia Template:Webarchive Municipality of Gaza.
  3. ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  4. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. 233-234
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Dauphin, 1998, p. 881
  8. ↑ le Strange, 1890, p. 414
  9. ↑ Sharon, 1999, pp. 149-151
  10. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 144
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 118
  13. ↑ Guérin, 1869, p. 176, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 234
  14. ↑ Socin, 1879, p. 146
  15. ↑ Hartmann, 1883, p. 129 also noted 118 houses
  16. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table V, Sub-district of Gaza, p. 8
  17. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 2
  18. ↑ Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 31
  19. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 45 Template:Webarchive
  20. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 86 Template:Webarchive
  21. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 136 Template:Webarchive
  22. ↑ The Guardian: Death on the beach: seven Palestinians killed as Israeli shells hit family picnic, 10 June 2006
  23. ↑ Haaretz: IDF probe: Gaza beach blast not caused by wayward army shell
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ a b Israeli troops enter Gaza Strip BBC News. 3 January 2009
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Grossman, D. (1986). "Oscillations in the Rural Settlement of Samaria and Judaea in the Ottoman Period". in Shomron studies. Dar, S., Safrai, S., (eds). Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuchad Publishing House. p. 385
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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Bibliography

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External links

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