Baena
Script error: No such module "other uses". Template:Main otherScript error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Main other
Baena is a town and municipality of Spain located in the province of Córdoba, Andalusia. It is situated near the Template:Ill on the slope of a hill Template:Convert southeast of Córdoba by road. The population of the town is 20,266 (2012).
History
The site of the Roman town (Baniana or Biniana).Template:SfnpTemplate:Sfnp In 1833, a subterranean vault was discovered, containing twelve cinerary urns with inscriptions commemorating members of the Pompeian family.Template:Sfnp
Following the demise of the Caliphate of Córdoba, the town was ravaged by Berbers, bringing its prosperity to an end.Template:Sfn
Once conquered Córdoba, Ferdinand III rapidly acquired a number of towns in the Campiña—including Baena—in 1241, probably meeting no resistance.Template:Sfn
The hill is crowned by fortifications. In 1292, Nasrid Granada, ruled by Muhammad II, unsuccessfully besieged the citadel, which was held for Sancho IV;Template:Sfnp the five Moorish heads in its coat-of-arms commemorates the occasion.Template:Sfnp The castile was a base for Gonzalo de Cordova and was held in the 19th century by the Altamira family.Template:Sfnp At that time, it held four parish churches and three schools conducted by sisters of charity. The girls' school held a high reputation in its province, despite not going beyond reading, writing, arithmetic, and religious instruction.Template:Sfnp Its population was around 12,000 in the 1870sTemplate:Sfnp and 15,000 by the turn of the century.Template:Sfnp Grain and olive oil were the principal articles of commerce in the 19th century;Template:Sfnp by the time of the First World War, horse-breeding and linen-weaving had also developed, despite the nearest railroad station being at Luque.Template:Sfnp
At the beginning of the Spanish Civil War the town was the scenario of the Baena Massacre, a mass execution of Spanish republicans where about 700 loyalists were murdered by the orders of rebel Colonel Sáenz de Buruaga following the killing of 99 Nationalists and their families who were being held hostage by Republican soldiers.[1][2][3] Other estimates mention up to 2,000 victims following the brutal repression in Baena.[4]
High-quality olive oil continues to be the mainstay of the local economy.Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Sierras Subbéticas Natural Park is located to the south of the town.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Notable residents
See also
References
- Citations
- Bibliography
- Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
- Baena at andalucia.com
- Template:Cite EB9.
- Template:Cite EB1911.
Script error: No such module "Navbox". Template:Authority control
- ↑ Sevilla FC Forum
- ↑ The massacre of Baena Template:Webarchive
- ↑ Paul Preston (2012). The Spanish Holocaust. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Template:ISBN.
- ↑ No solo corrieron rios de sangre en Badajoz