Grande Raccordo Anulare

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File:Svincoli GRA Roma.svg
Map of the Grande Raccordo Anulare

Autostrada A90 or Grande Raccordo Anulare (Template:Literally) or GRA is a ring-shaped autostrada (Italian for "motorway") Script error: No such module "convert". long in Italy located in the region of Lazio that encircles Rome. It is a part of the E80 European route. GRA is one of the most important roads in Rome, and traffic reaches 160,000 vehicles per day as of 2011.

The GRA features 14 tunnels, with lengths varying from the 66 meters of Parco di Veio II tunnel to the Template:Cvt meters of the Appia Antica tunnel as well as eight rest areas. It has 42 junctions, with the Via Aurelia numbered 1 and the rest following clockwise.

The motorway has always been toll-free. However, there are plans to introduce a fee for vehicles entering the GRA from highways. Maintenance costs are around Template:Euro11 million per year.

Its acronym was given after one of its main designers and supporters, Eugenio Gra, chairman of Anas, the Italian roads Authority, at the time of construction. The official number among the Italian motorways is Autostrada A90, but is widely known by Romans as Il Raccordo (Template:Literally).

History

File:Grande Raccordo Anulare - uscita per A2 Napoli.jpg
Grande Raccordo Anulare in the 1950s

Plans for an orbital road around Rome were proposed by the end of World War II. One of the designers' main purposes was to build the road as most equally distant as possible from the geographic centre of town, the Campidoglio, Script error: No such module "convert". away from the motorway.

Construction works started in 1948. The first section, Flaminia to Tiburtina (north-to-east section) opened in 1952, later extended in stages. The last section to be opened was the west-to-north section (Aurelia to Flaminia), in 1970.

Although the GRA was initially planned and built as a single-carriageway road, it was soon clear that traffic was rapidly growing well beyond the expectations. Construction works to motorway standards started in late 1950s with first dual-carriageway, four-lane section (Salaria to Tuscolana) opened 1962. Further works were carried over throughout the 1970s, and by 1979, the remainder sections were widened to four-lane and the entire ring classified as toll-free highway.

Widening works to 6-lane started in 1983 and were completed in stages throughout the 1990s and 2000s. As of April 2008 97% of the GRA was 6-lane with final sections (new tunnel under Via Cassia) opened 2011.

Timeline

  • 1948: Building works began.
  • 1951: The Appia-Aurelia section is opened.
  • 1952: The Flaminia-Tiburtina section is opened.
  • 1955: The Tiburtina-Appia section is opened.
  • 1960: The road was part of the marathon course of the 1960 Summer Olympics.[1]
  • 1962: The lane number is doubled in Salaria-Tuscolana section
  • 1970: The Aurelia-Flaminia section is opened, the ring is completed.
  • 1979: GRA is now officially a highway.
  • 1983: Works to a 6-lane set begin.
  • 1997: 50% of the GRA track is on a 6-lane (2x3) set
  • 2000: 75% of the GRA track is on a 6-lane set
  • 2007: 97% of the GRA track is on a 6-lane set
  • 2011: End of works to the 6-lane set

Future expansion

It has been suggested that a second ring might be constructed in the future,[2] firstly as an attempt to alleviate congestion on the old one and secondly to offer access to a number of new industrial, commercial and residential zones built around it. Such a project would imply a new external ring-shaped orbital motorway of about Script error: No such module "convert"., denominated NIA (Nuova infrastruttura anulare, "New ring infrastructure"), which would cost over €5 billion.

In popular culture

The road was the subject of the 2013 documentary film Sacro GRA which won the Golden Lion at the 70th Venice International Film Festival.[3]

Trivia

Although the name GRA officially stands for Grande Raccordo Anulare ("Great Ring Junction"), the name was actually coined in order to make its acronym be the name of the head of the project, engineer Eugenio Gra.

Route

File:Autostrada A90 Italia 2011-by-RaBoe-122.jpg
Grande Raccordo Anulare near Fiumicino exit
File:GRA-Galleria-ParcoDiVeio-II.jpg
Grande Raccordo Anulare near Isola Farnese
File:Autostrada A90 Italia 2011-by-RaBoe-120.jpg
Grande Raccordo Anulare near Via Anagnina exit
File:GRA-Galleria-Aurelia.jpg
Grande Raccordo Anulare near Strada statale 1 Via Aurelia exit
Template:Symbol GRANDE RACCORDO ANULARE
Autostrada A90
Exit ↓km↓ ↑km↑ Province European Route
File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Aurelia
Aurelio
Vatican City
Ladispoli
Template:Symbol Template:Symbol Civitavecchia
Template:Symbol Port of Civitavecchia
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Montespaccato
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Via della Maglianella - Via di Boccea
Montespaccato
Via della Maglianella
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Via di Boccea
Primavalle
Casalotti
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Via di Casal del Marmo
Via di Selva Candida
Palmarola
Primavalle
Casalotti
Selva Candida
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File:AB-Tank.svgFile:AB-Rast.svg Rest area "Selva Candida"
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Via Trionfale
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL3.svg Ipogeo degli Ottavi
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL3.svg Ottavia
Primavalle
Template:Symbol San Filippo Neri Hospital
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL3.svg La Giustiniana
File:Italian traffic signs - icona mare fiume lago.svg Lake Bracciano
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL3.svg File:Ferrovia Roma-Viterbo.svg Viterbo
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Cassia
Tomba di Nerone
Corso Francia
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL3.svg La Giustiniana
File:Italian traffic signs - icona mare fiume lago.svg Lake Bracciano
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL3.svg Viterbo
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Sant'Andrea Hospital
Via di Grottarossa
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Cassia Veientana
Viterbo
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Labaro
File:Ferrovia Roma-Viterbo.svg Labaro
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via FlaminiaFile:Ferrovia Roma-Viterbo.svg Saxa Rubra
RAI radio and television centre
Template:Symbol Stadio Olimpico
File:Ferrovia Roma-Viterbo.svg Flaminio
Template:Symbol Cimitero Flaminio
Prima Porta
Terni
Fano
Perugia
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Castel Giubileo
Via di Castel Giubileo
Labaro
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Salaria
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL1.svg Salario
Template:Symbol Rome Urbe Airport
Rieti
Template:Symbol Monte Terminillo
Ascoli Piceno
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Via di Settebagni
Colle Salario
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL1.svg Fidene
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL1.svg Settebagni
Bel Poggio
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File:AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Template:SymbolTemplate:Symbol Template:Symbol GRA-Fiano Romano
Template:SymbolTemplate:Symbol Firenze
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Via della Bufalotta
Via delle Vigne Nuove
Monte Sacro Alto
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File:AB-Tank.svgFile:AB-Rast.svg Rest area "Settebagni"
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Nomentana
Talenti
Monte Sacro
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Palombara Sabina
Fonte Nuova
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Centrale del Latte
Torraccia
San Basilio
Via di Sant'Alessandro
Casal Monastero
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Tiburtina
File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg Ponte Mammolo
Template:Symbol Policlinico Umberto I
Settecamini
Tivoli
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File:AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Template:SymbolTemplate:Symbol L'Aquila - Teramo
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg La Rustica
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File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL2.svg Tor Sapienza
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Uffici Finanziari
Via Capranesi
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Prenestina
Centocelle
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Palestrina
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Tor Bella Monaca
Torre Angela
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File:AB-U-grün.svg Via Prenestina bis
Centocelle
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File:AB-Tank.svgFile:AB-Rast.svg Rest area "Casilina"
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Casilina
File:Metropolitana di Roma C.svg Giardinetti
File:Metropolitana di Roma C.svg Torre Maura
Casilino
Torre Angela
Frosinone
Cassino
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File:AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Template:SymbolTemplate:Symbol GRA-San Cesareo
Template:SymbolTemplate:Symbol Napoli
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg La Romanina
Template:Symbol University of Rome Tor Vergata
Torrenova
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Tuscolana
Template:Symbol Cinecittà
Template:Symbol Tuscolano
Frascati
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Anagnina
Template:Symbol Cinecittà
Template:Symbol Tuscolano
Osteria del Curato
Gregna Sant'Andrea
Casal Morena
Grottaferrata
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Gregna Sant'Andrea
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL4.svg Ciampino
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Appia
Template:Symbol Appio
Template:Symbol Template:Symbol San Giovanni
Template:Symbol Rome Ciampino Airport
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL4.svg Cisterna di Latina File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL7.svg Velletri
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Ardeatina
Ardeatino
Template:Symbol EUR
Divino Amore
Santa Palomba
Ardea
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File:AB-Tank.svgFile:AB-Rast.svg Rest area "Ardeatina"
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Laurentina
Template:Symbol Laurentina
Template:Symbol Università Campus Bio-Medico
Trigoria
Ardea
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Pontina
File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg EUR
Template:Symbol Sant'Eugenio Hospital
File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg Template:Symbol Palazzo dello sport
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL7.svg File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL8.svg Pomezia
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL8.svg Aprilia
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL8.svg Anzio
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL7.svg Latina
Terracina
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Via Cristoforo Colombo
File:Ferrovia Roma-Lido.svg Casal Palocco
File:Ferrovia Roma-Lido.svg Template:Symbol Lido di Ostia
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via del Mare
Template:Symbol Via Ostiense
File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg File:Ferrovia Roma-Lido.svg Ostiense
File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg File:Ferrovia Roma-Lido.svg Template:Symbol Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls
File:Ferrovia Roma-Lido.svg Acilia
File:Ferrovia Roma-Lido.svg Ostia Antica
File:Ferrovia Roma-Lido.svg Template:Symbol Lido di Ostia
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Parco de' Medici
Viale Parco de' Medici
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File:AB-Kreuz-grün.svg Template:SymbolTemplate:Symbol Fiumicino
File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg EUR
File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg File:Ferrovia Roma-Lido.svg Magliana
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL1.svgTemplate:Symbol Template:Ill
Template:SymbolTemplate:Symbol Civitavecchia
Template:Symbol Port of Civitavecchia
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL1.svg Leonardo Express
Template:Symbol Rome Fiumicino Airport
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via della Magliana
Trullo
File:Metropolitana di Roma B.svg File:Ferrovia Roma-Lido.svg Magliana
Via Portuense
Template:SymbolTemplate:Symbol Fiumicino
Template:Symbol Port of Fiumicino
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL1.svg Leonardo Express
Template:Symbol Rome Fiumicino Airport
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Centro direzionale
Via Marchetti
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Via della Pisana
Gianicolense
Portuense
File:Ferrovia regionale laziale FL1.svg Ponte Galeria
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File:AB-Tank.svgFile:AB-Rast.svg Rest area "Pisana"
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Via di Casal Lumbroso
Via del Pescaccio
Casal Lumbroso
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File:AB-AS-grün.svg Template:Symbol Via Aurelia
Aurelio
Vatican City
Ladispoli
Template:Symbol Template:Symbol Civitavecchia
Template:Symbol Port of Civitavecchia
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See also

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Other Italian roads

References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Bibliography

External links

Template:Sister-inline

Template:Autostrade Template:1960 Summer Olympic venues Template:Olympic venues athletics Template:Authority control

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