Orders of magnitude (length)

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Template:Short description Template:More citations needed Template:Use dmy dates

File:Orders of magnitude (english annotations).png
Objects of sizes in different order of magnitude (at inconsistent intervals)
File:Scales of size.jpg
Graphical overview of sizes

The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different lengths.

Overview

Scale Range (m) Unit Example items
≥ <
Subatomic – 0 – Gravitational singularity
10−36 10−33 Template:Math Fixed value (not a range). Quantum foam, string
10−18 10−15 am Proton, neutron, pion
Atomic to cellular 10−15 10−12 fm Atomic nucleus
10−12 10−9 pm Wavelength of gamma rays and X-rays, hydrogen atom
10−9 10−6 nm DNA helix, virus, wavelength of optical spectrum, transistors used in CPUs
Cellular to human 10−6 10−3 μm Bacterium, fog water droplet, human hair's diametre[note 1]
10−3 1 mm Mosquito, golf ball, domestic cat, violin, football
Human to astronomical 1 103 m Piano, human, automobile, sperm whale, football field, Eiffel Tower
103 106 km Mount Everest, length of Panama Canal and Trans-Siberian Railway, larger asteroid
Astronomical 106 109 Mm The Moon, Earth, one light-second
109 1012 Gm Sun, one light-minute, Earth's orbit
1012 1015 Tm Orbits of outer planets, Solar System
1015 1018 Pm A light-year, the distance to Proxima Centauri
1018 1021 Em Galactic arm
1021 1024 Zm Milky Way, distance to Andromeda Galaxy
1024 1027 Ym Huge-LQG, Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall, Observable universe

Detailed list

To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various lengths between 1.6×10−35 metres and 101010122metres.

Subatomic scale

Factor (m) Multiple Value Item
0 0 0 Singularity
10−35 1 Planck length 0.0000162 qm  Planck length; typical scale of hypothetical loop quantum gravity or size of a hypothetical string and of branes; according to string theory, lengths smaller than this do not make any physical sense.[1] Quantum foam is thought to exist at this scale.
10−24 1 yoctometre (ym) 142 ym Effective cross section radius of 1 MeV neutrinos[2]
10−21 1 zeptometre (zm) Preons, hypothetical particles proposed as subcomponents of quarks and leptons; the upper bound for the width of a cosmic string in string theory
7 zm Effective cross section radius of high-energy neutrinos[3]
310 zm De Broglie wavelength of protons at the Large Hadron Collider (4 TeV Template:As of)
10−18 1 attometre (am) Upper limit for the size of quarks and electrons
Sensitivity of the LIGO detector for gravitational waves[4]
Upper bound of the typical size range for "fundamental strings"[1]
10−17 10 am Range of the weak force
10−16 100 am 850 am Approximate proton radius[5]

Atomic to cellular scale

Factor (m) Multiple Value Item
10−15Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 femtometre (fm, fermi) 1 fm Approximate limit of the gluon-mediated color force between quarks[6][7]
1.5 fm Effective cross section radius of an 11 MeV proton[8]
2.81794 fm Classical electron radius[9]
3 fm Approximate limit of the meson-mediated nuclear binding force[6][7]
750 to 822.25 fm Longest wavelength of gamma rays
10−12Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 picometre (pm) 1.75 to 15 fm Diametre range of the atomic nucleus[1][10]
1 pm Distance between atomic nuclei in a white dwarf
2.4 pm Compton wavelength of electron
5 pm Wavelength of shortest X-rays
10−11 10 pm 28 pm Radius of helium atom
53 pm Bohr radius (radius of a hydrogen atom)
10−10 100 pm 100 pm 1 ångström (also covalent radius of sulfur atom[11])
154 pm Length of a typical covalent bond (C–C)
280 pm Average size of the water molecule (actual lengths may vary)
500 pm Width of protein α helix
10−9Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 nanometre (nm) 1 nm Diametre of a carbon nanotube[12] Diametre of smallest transistor gate (as of 2016)[13]
2 nm Diametre of the DNA helix[14]
2.5 nm Smallest microprocessor transistor gate oxide thickness (Template:As of)Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
3.4 nm Length of a DNA turn (10 bp)[15]
6–10 nm Thickness of cell membrane
10−8 10 nm 10 nm Upper range of thickness of cell wall in Gram-negative bacteria[16]
10 nm Template:As of, the 10 nanometre was the smallest semiconductor device fabrication node[17]
40 nm Extreme ultraviolet wavelength
50 nm Flying height of the head of a hard disk[18]
10−7 100 nm 121.6 nm Wavelength of the Lyman-alpha line[19]
120 nm Typical diametre of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)[20]
400–700 nm Approximate wavelength range of visible light[21]


Cellular to human scale

Factor (m) Multiple Value Item
10−6Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 micrometre (μm)

(also called 1 micron)

1–4 μm Typical length of a bacterium[22]
4 μm Typical diametre of spider silk[23]
7 μm Typical size of a red blood cell[24]
10−5 10 μm 10 μm Typical size of a fog, mist, or cloud water droplet
10 μm Width of transistors in the Intel 4004, the world's first commercial microprocessor
12 μm Width of acrylic fiber
17–181 μm Width range of human hair[25]
10−4 100 μm 340 μm Size of a pixel on a 17-inch monitor with a resolution of 1024×768
560 μm Thickness of the central area of a human cornea[26]
750 μm Maximum diametre of Thiomargarita namibiensis, the second largest bacterium ever discovered
10−3Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 millimetre (mm) ~5 mm Length of an average flea is 1–10 mm (usually <5 mm)[27]
2.54 mm One-tenth inch; distance between pins in DIP (dual-inline-package) electronic components
5.70 mm Diametre of the projectile in 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition
10−2 1 centimetre (cm) 20 mm Approximate width of an adult human finger
54 mm × 86 mm Dimensions of a credit card, according to the ISO/IEC 7810 ID-1 standard
73–75 mm Diametre of a baseball, according to Major League Baseball guidelines[28]
10−1 1 decimetre (dm) 120 mm Diametre of a compact disc
660 mm Length of the longest pine cones, produced by the sugar pine[29]
900 mm Average length of a rapier, a fencing sword[30]

Human to astronomical scale

File:Size planets comparison.jpg
Planets of the Solar System to scale
Factor (m) Multiple Value Item
1 (100)Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 metre (m) 1 m (exactly) Since 2019, defined as the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second, where the second is defined by a hyperfine transition frequency of caesium.
2.72 m Height of Robert Wadlow, tallest-known human.[31]
8.38 m Length of a London bus (AEC Routemaster)
101 1 decametre (dam) 33 m Length of the longest-known blue whale[32]
52 m Height of the Niagara Falls[33]
93.47 m Height of the Statue of Liberty
102 1 hectometre (hm) 105 m Length of a typical football field
137 m (147 m) Height (present and original) of the Great Pyramid of Giza
300 m Height of the Eiffel Tower, one of the famous monuments of Paris
979 m Height of the Salto Angel, the world's highest free-falling waterfall (Venezuela)
103 1 kilometre (km) 2.3 km Length of the Three Gorges Dam, the largest dam in the world[34][35]
3.1 km Narrowest width of the Strait of Messina, separating Italy and Sicily
8.848 km Height of Mount Everest, the highest mountain on Earth
104 10 km 10.9 km Depth of the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, the deepest-known point on Earth's surface
27 km Circumference of the Large Hadron Collider, Template:As of the largest and highest energy particle accelerator
42.195 km Length of a marathon
105 100 km 100 km The distance the IAU considers to be the limit to space, called the Karman line
163 km Length of the Suez Canal, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea
491 km Length of the Pyrenees, the mountain range separating Spain and France
600 km Thermosphere height
974.6 km Greatest diametre of the dwarf planet Ceres.[36]
106Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 megametre (Mm) 2.38 Mm Diametre of dwarf planet Pluto, formerly the smallest planet category[note 2] in the Solar System
3.48 Mm Diametre of the Moon
5.2 Mm Typical distance covered by the winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans automobile endurance race
6.259 Mm Length of the Great Wall of China
6.371 Mm Average radius of Earth
6.378 Mm Equatorial radius of Earth
6.6 Mm Approximate length of the two longest rivers, the Nile and the Amazon
7.821 Mm Length of the Trans-Canada Highway
9.288 Mm Length of the Trans-Siberian Railway, longest in the world

Astronomical scale

Factor (m) Multiple Value Item
107Script error: No such module "anchor". 10 Mm 12.756 Mm Equatorial diametre of Earth
20.004 Mm Length of a meridian on Earth (distance between Earth's poles along the surface)[37]
40.075 Mm Length of Earth's equator
108Script error: No such module "anchor". 100 Mm 142.984 Mm Diametre of Jupiter
299.792 Mm Distance traveled by light in vacuum in one second (a light-second, exactly 299,792,458 m by definition of the speed of light)
384.4 Mm Moon's orbital distance from Earth
109Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 gigametre (Gm) 1.39 Gm Diametre of the Sun
5.15 Gm Greatest mileage ever recorded by a car (3.2 million miles by a 1966 Volvo P-1800S)[38]
1010Script error: No such module "anchor". 10 Gm 18 Gm Approximately one light-minute
1011Script error: No such module "anchor". 100 Gm 150 Gm 1 astronomical unit (au); mean distance between Earth and Sun
1012Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 terametre (Tm) 1.3 Tm Optical diametre of Betelgeuse
1.4 Tm Orbital distance of Saturn from Sun
2 Tm Estimated optical diametre of VY Canis Majoris, one of the largest-known stars
5.9 Tm Orbital distance of Pluto from the Sun
~ 7.5 Tm Outer boundary of the Kuiper belt
1013Script error: No such module "anchor". 10 Tm Diametre of the Solar System as a whole[1]
16.09 Tm Total length of DNA molecules in all cells of an adult human body[39]
21.49 Tm Distance of the Voyager 1 spacecraft from Sun (Template:As of), the farthest man-made object so far[40]
62.03 Tm Estimated radius of the event horizon of the supermassive black hole in NGC 4889, the largest-known black hole to date
1014Script error: No such module "anchor". 100 Tm 180 Tm Size of the debris disk around the star 51 Pegasi[41]
1015Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 petametre (Pm) ~7.5 Pm Supposed outer boundary of the Oort cloud (~ 50,000 au)
9.461 Pm Distance traveled by light in vacuum in one year; at its current speed, Voyager 1 would need 17,500 years to travel this distance
1016Script error: No such module "anchor". 10 Pm 30.857 Pm 1 parsec
39.9 Pm Distance to nearest star (Proxima Centauri)
41.3 Pm As of March 2013, distance to nearest discovered extrasolar planet (Alpha Centauri Bc)
1017Script error: No such module "anchor". 100 Pm 193 Pm As of October 2010, distance to nearest discovered extrasolar planet with potential to support life as presently defined by science (Gliese 581 d)
615 Pm Approximate radius of humanity's radio bubble, caused by high-power TV broadcasts leaking through the atmosphere into outer space
1018Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 exametre (Em) 1.9 Em Distance to nearby solar twin (HIP 56948), a star with properties virtually identical to the Sun[42]
1019Script error: No such module "anchor". 10 Em 9.46 Em Average thickness of Milky Way Galaxy[43] (1,000 to 3,000 ly by 21 cm observations[44])
1020Script error: No such module "anchor". 100 Em 113.5 Em Thickness of Milky Way Galaxy's gaseous disk[45]
1021Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 zettametre (Zm)
1.54 Zm Distance to SN 1987A, the most recent naked eye supernova
1.62 Zm Distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud (a dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way)
1.66 Zm Distance to the Small Magellanic Cloud (another dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way)
1.9 Zm Diametre of galactic disk of Milky Way Galaxy[46][47][48][49]
6.15 Zm Diametre of the low surface brightness disc halo of the giant spiral galaxy Malin 1
1022Script error: No such module "anchor". 10 Zm 13.25 Zm Radius of the diffuse stellar halo of IC 1101, one of the largest-known galaxies
24 Zm Distance to Andromeda Galaxy
30.857 Zm 1 megaparsec
50 Zm Diametre of Local Group of galaxies
1023Script error: No such module "anchor". 100 Zm 300–600 Zm Distance to Virgo cluster of galaxies
1024Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 yottametre (Ym) 2.19 Ym Diametre of the Local Supercluster and the largest voids and filaments
2.8 Ym End of Greatness
~5 Ym Diametre of the Horologium Supercluster[50]
9.461 YmScript error: No such module "anchor". Diametre of the Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex, the supercluster complex which includes Earth
1025 10 Ym 13 Ym Length of the Sloan Great Wall, a giant wall of galaxies (galactic filament)[51]
30.857 Ym 1 gigaparsec
37.84 Ym Length of the Huge-LQG, a group of 73 quasars
1026Script error: No such module "anchor". 100 Ym 95 Ym Estimated light travel distance to certain quasars. Length of the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall, a colossal wall of galaxies, the largest and the most massive structure in the observable universe as of 2014
127 Ym Estimated light travel distance to GN-z11, the most distant object ever observed
870 Ym Approximate diametre (comoving distance) of the visible universe[1]
1027Script error: No such module "anchor". 1 Rm 1.2 Rm Lower bound of the (possibly infinite) radius of the universe, if it is a 3-sphere, according to one estimate using the WMAP data at 95% confidence[52] It equivalently implies that there are at minimum 21 particle horizon-sized volumes in the universe.
1010115[note 3] 1010115 m 1010115 m According to the laws of probability, the distance one must travel until one encounters a volume of space identical to our observable universe with conditions identical to our own.[53]
101010122 101010122 m 101010122 m Maximum size of universe after cosmological inflation, implied by one resolution of the No-Boundary Proposal[54]

1 quectometre and less

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−30 metres. To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths shorter than 10−30 m (1 qm).

  • 1.6 × 10−5 quectometres (1.6 × 10−35 metres) – the Planck length (Measures of distance shorter than this do not make physical sense, according to current theories of physics.)
  • 1 qm – 1 quectometre, the smallest named subdivision of the metre in the SI base unit of length, one nonillionth of a metre.[55]

1 rontometre

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−27 metres.

  • 1 rm – 1 rontometre, a subdivision of the metre in the SI base unit of length, one octillionth of a metre.[55]

10 rontometres

1 yoctometre

Script error: No such module "anchor". The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−24 metres.

1 zeptometre

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−21 metres. To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−21 m and 10−20 m (1 zm and 10 zm).

10 zeptometres

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−20 m and 10−19 m (10 zm and 100 zm).

100 zeptometres

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−19 m and 10−18 m (100 zm and 1 am).

1 attometre

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−18 metres. To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−18 m and 10−17 m (1 am and 10 am).

  • 1 am – sensitivity of the LIGO detector for gravitational wavesScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • 1 am – upper limit for the size of quarks and electronsScript error: No such module "Unsubst".

10 attometres

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−17 m and 10−16 m (10 am and 100 am).

100 attometres

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−16 m and 10−15 m (100 am and 1 fm).

  • 831 am – approximate proton radius[59][60]

1 femtometre (or 1 fermi)

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−15 metres. In particle physics, this unit is sometimes called a [[fermi (unit)|Template:Vanchor]], also with abbreviation "fm". To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−15 metres and 10−14 metres (1 femtometre and 10 fm).

10 femtometres

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−14 m and 10−13 m (10 fm and 100 fm).

100 femtometres

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−13 m and 10−12 m (100 fm and 1 pm).

  • 570 fm – typical distance from the atomic nucleus of the two innermost electrons (electrons in the 1s shell) in the uranium atom, the heaviest naturally-occurring atom

1 picometre

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: pm) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−12 metres (Template:Sfrac m = 0.Template:Gaps m). To help compare different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths between 10−12 and 10−11 m (1 pm and 10 pm).

10 picometres

To help compare different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths between 10−11 and 10−10 m (10 pm and 100 pm).

100 picometres

To help compare different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths between 10−10 and 10−9 m (100 pm and 1 nm; 1 Å and 10 Å).

1 nanometre

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−9 metres (Template:Sfrac m = 0.Template:Gaps m). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−9 and 10−8 m (1 nm and 10 nm).

10 nanometres

File:Comparison semiconductor process nodes.svg
Comparison of sizes of semiconductor manufacturing process nodes with some microscopic objects and visible light wavelengths. At this scale, the width of a human hair is about 10 times that of the image.[70]

To help compare different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths between 10−8 and 10−7 m (10 nm and 100 nm).

100 nanometres

File:Comparison semiconductor process nodes.svg
Comparison of sizes of semiconductor manufacturing process nodes with some microscopic objects and visible light wavelengths. At this scale, the width of a human hair is about 10 times that of the image.[78]

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−7 and 10−6 m (100 nm and 1 μm).

  • 100 nm – greatest particle size that can fit through a surgical mask[79]
  • 100 nm – 90% of particles in wood smoke are smaller than this.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • 120 nm – greatest particle size that can fit through a ULPA filter[80]
  • 120 nm – diametre of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)[81]
  • 120 nm – approximate diametre of SARS-CoV-2[82]
  • 125 nm – standard depth of pits on compact discs (width: 500 nm, length: 850 nm to 3.5 μm)
  • 180 nm – typical length of the rabies virus
  • 200 nm – typical size of a Mycoplasma bacterium, among the smallest bacteria
  • 300 nm – greatest particle size that can fit through a HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter (N100 removes up to 99.97% at 300 nm, N95 removes up to 95% at 300 nm)[83]
  • 300–400 nm – near ultraviolet wavelength
  • 400–420 nm – wavelength of violet light (see Color and Visible spectrum)
  • 420–440 nm – wavelength of indigo light
  • 440–500 nm – wavelength of blue light
  • 500–520 nm – wavelength of cyan light
  • 520–565 nm – wavelength of green light
  • 565–590 nm – wavelength of yellow light
  • 590–625 nm – wavelength of orange light
  • 625–700 nm – wavelength of red light
  • 700–1.4 μm – wavelength of near-infrared radiation

1 micrometre (or 1 micron)

File:Loxoceles reclusa iconized thread.png
The silk for a spider's web is Template:Cvt wide.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−6 metres (Template:Sfrac m = 0.Template:Gaps m). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists some items with lengths between 10−6 and 10−5 m (between 1 and 10 micrometres, or μm).

10 micrometres

File:FogParticlesHighSpeed.jpg
Fog particles are around Template:Cvt long.

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−5 m and 10−4 m (10 μm and 100 μm).

  • 10 μm – width of cotton fibre[92]
  • 10 μm – tolerance of a Lego brick[93]
  • 10 μm – transistor width of the Intel 4004, the world's first commercial microprocessor
  • 10 μm – mean longest dimension of a human red blood cellScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • 5–20 μm – dust mite excreta[94]
  • 10.6 μm – wavelength of light emitted by a carbon dioxide laser
  • 15 μm – width of silk fibreScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • 17 μm – minimum width of a strand of human hair[25]
  • 17.6 μm – one twip, a unit of length in typography
  • 10 to 55 μm – width of wool fibre[92]
  • 25.4 μm – 1/1,000 inch, commonly referred to as 1 mil in the U.S. and 1 thou in the U.K.
  • 30 μm – length of a human skin cell
  • 30.8568 μm – 1 zeptoparsec
  • 50 μm – typical length of Euglena gracilis, a flagellate protist[95]
  • 50 μm – typical length of a human liver cell, an average-sized body cellScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • 50 μm – length of a silt particle
  • 60 μm – length of a sperm cell
  • 78 μm — width of a pixel on the display of the iPhone 4, marketed as Retina Display[96]
  • 70 to 180 μm – thickness of paper

100 micrometres

File:Paramecium.jpg
A paramecium is around Template:Cvt long.

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−4 m and 10−3 m (100 μm and 1 mm). The term myriometre (abbr. mom, equivalent to 100 micrometres; frequently confused with the myriametre, 10 kilometres)[97] is deprecated; the decimal metric prefix myrio-[98] is obsolete[99][100][101] and was not included among the prefixes when the International System of Units was introduced in 1960.

1 millimetre

File:Fire ants 01.jpg
An average red ant is about Template:Cvt long.

Script error: No such module "redirect hatnote".

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−3 metres (Template:Sfrac m = 0.001 m). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−3 m and 10−2 m (1 mm and 1 cm).

  • 1.0 mm – 1/1,000 of a metre
  • 1.0 mm – 0.03937 inches or 5/127 (exactly)
  • 1.0 mm – side of a square of area 1 mm²
  • 1.0 mm – diametre of a pinhead
  • 1.5 mm – average length of a flea[27]
  • 2.54 mm – distance between pins on old dual in-line package (DIP) electronic components
  • 5 mm – length of an average red ant
  • 5 mm – diametre of an average grain of rice
  • 5.56×45mm NATO – standard ammunition size
  • 6 mm – approximate width of a pencil
  • 7 mm – length of a Paedophryne amauensis, the smallest-known vertebrate[108]
  • 7.1 mm – length of a sunflower seed
  • 7.62×51mm NATO – common military ammunition size[109]
  • 8 mm – width of old-format home movie film
  • 8 mm – length of a Paedocypris progenetica, the smallest-known fish[110]

1 centimetre

File:Fingernail label (enwiki).jpg
An average human fingernail is Template:Cvt wide

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The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−2 metres (Template:Sfrac m = 0.01 m). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−2 m and 10−1 m (1 cm and 1 dm).

  • 1 cm – 10 millimetres
  • 1 cm – 0.39 inches
  • 1 cm – edge of a square of area 1 cm2
  • 1 cm – edge of a cube of volume 1 mL
  • 1 cm – length of a coffee bean
  • 1 cm – approximate width of average fingernail
  • 1.2 cm – length of a bee
  • 1.2 cm – diametre of a die
  • 1.5 cm – length of a very large mosquito
  • 1.6 cm – length of a Jaragua Sphaero, a very small reptile
  • 1.7 cm – length of a Thorius arboreus, the smallest salamander[111]
  • 2 cm – approximate width of an adult human finger
  • 2.54 cm – 1 inch
  • 3.08568 cm – 1 attoparsec
  • 3.4 cm – length of a quail egg[112]
  • 3.5 cm – width of film commonly used in motion pictures and still photography
  • 3.78 cm – amount of distance the Moon moves away from Earth each year[113]
  • 4.3 cm – minimum diametre of a golf ball[114]
  • 5 cm – usual diametre of a chicken egg
  • 5 cm – height of a hummingbird, the smallest-known bird
  • 5.08 cm – 2 inches,
  • 5.5 × 5.5 × 5.5 cm – dimensions of a 3x3x3 Rubik's cube
  • 6.1 cm – average height of an apple
  • 7.3–7.5 cm – diametre of a baseball[28]
  • 8.6 cm × 5.4 cm – dimensions of a standard credit card (also called CR80)[115][116]
  • 9 cm – length of a speckled padloper, the smallest-known turtle

1 decimetre

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File:Foot on white background.jpg
An adult human foot is about Template:Cvt long.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10−1 metres (Template:Sfrac m = 0.1 m). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10 centimetres and 100 centimetres (10−1 metre and 1 metre).

Conversions

10 centimetres (abbreviated to 10 cm) is equal to:

Wavelengths

Human-defined scales and structures

  • 10.16 cm = 1.016 dm – 1 hand used in measuring height of horses (4 inches)
  • 12 cm = 1.2 dm – diametre of a compact disc (CD) (= 120 mm)
  • 15 cm = 1.5 dm – length of a Bic pen with cap on
  • 22 cm = 2.2 dm – diametre of a typical association football (soccer ball)
  • 30 cm = 3 dm – typical school-use ruler length (= 300 mm)
  • 30.48 cm = 3.048 dm – 1 foot (measure)
  • 60 cm = 6 dm – standard depth (front to back) of a domestic kitchen worktop in Europe (= 600 mm)
  • 90 cm = 9 dm – average length of a rapier, a fencing sword[30]
  • 91.44 cm = 9.144 dm – one yard (measure)

Nature

  • 10 cm = 1 dm – diametre of the human cervix upon entering the second stage of labour
  • 11 cm = 1.1 dm – length of an average potato in the U.S.
  • 13 cm = 1.3 dm – body length of a Goliath birdeater
  • 15 cm = 1.5 dm – approximate size of largest beetle species
  • 19 cm = 1.9 dm – length of a banana
  • 26.3 cm = 2.6 dm – length of average male human foot
  • 29.98 cm = 2.998 dm – distance light in vacuum travels in one nanosecond
  • 30 cm = 3.0 dm – maximum leg length of a Goliath birdeater
  • 31 cm = 3.1 dm – wingspan of largest butterfly species Ornithoptera alexandrae
  • 32 cm – length of the Goliath frog, the world's largest frog
  • 46 cm = 4.6 dm – length of an average domestic cat
  • 50 to 65 cm = 5–6.5 dm – a coati's tail
  • 66 cm = 6.6 dm – length of the longest pine cones (produced by the sugar pine[117])

Astronomical

  • 84 cm = 8.4 dm – approximate diametre of 2008 TS26, a meteoroid

1 metre

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File:Da Vinci Vitruve Luc Viatour.jpg
Leonardo da Vinci drew the Vitruvian Man within a square of side Template:Cvt and a circle about Template:Cvt in radius.

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between one metre and ten metres. Light, in vacuum, travels 1 metre in <templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄299,792,458, or 3.3356409519815E-9 of a second.

Conversions

1 metre is:

Human-defined scales and structures

  • 1 m – approximate height of the top part of a doorknob on a door
  • 1 m – diametre of a very large beach ball
  • 1 m — height of a typical washing machine
  • 1.29 m – length of the Cross Island Chapel, the smallest church in the world
  • 1.4 m – length of a Peel P50, the world's smallest car
  • 1.435 m – standard gauge of railway track used by about 60% of railways in the world = 4 ft 8<templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄2 in
  • 2 m — typical height of an average door
  • 2.5 m – distance from the floor to the ceiling in an average residential house[118]
  • 2.7 m – length of the Starr Bumble Bee II, the smallest plane
  • 2.77–3.44 m – wavelength of the broadcast radio FM band 87–108 MHz
  • 3.05 m – the length of an old Mini
  • 8 m – length of the Tsar Bomba, the largest bomb ever detonated
  • 8.38 m – the length of a London Bus (AEC Routemaster)

Sports

  • 2.44 m – height of an association football goal[119]
  • 2.45 m – highest high jump by a human (Javier Sotomayor)[120]
  • 3.05 m – (10 feet) height of the basket in basketball
  • 8.95 m – longest long jump by a human (Mike Powell)[121]

Nature

Astronomical

  • 3–6 m – approximate diametre of Template:Mpl, a meteoroid
  • 4.1 m – diametre of 2008 TC3, a small asteroid that flew into the Earth's atmosphere on 7 October 2008[124]

1 decametre

File:Image-Blue Whale and Hector Dolphine Colored.jpg
A blue whale has been measured as Template:Cvt long; this drawing compares its length to that of a human diver and a dolphin.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10 metres (101 m). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10 and 100 metres.

Conversions

10 metres (very rarely termed a decametre which is abbreviated as dam) is equal to:

Human-defined scales and structures

Sports

  • 11 metres – approximate width of a doubles tennis court
  • 15 metres – width of a standard FIBA basketball court
  • 15.24 metres – width of an NBA basketball court (50 feet)
  • 18.44 metres – distance between the front of the pitcher's rubber and the rear point of home plate on a baseball field (60 feet, 6 inches)[125]
  • 20 metres – length of cricket pitch (22 yards)[126]
  • 27.43 metres – distance between bases on a baseball field (90 feet)
  • 28 metres – length of a standard FIBA basketball court
  • 28.65 metres – length of an NBA basketball court (94 feet)
  • 49 metres – width of an American football field (53<templatestyles src="Fraction/styles.css" />1⁄3 yards)
  • 59.436 metres – width of a Canadian football field (65 yards)
  • 70 metres – typical width of an association football field
  • 91 metres – length of an American football field (100 yards, measured between the goal lines)

Nature

  • 10 metres – average length of human digestive tractScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • 12 metres – height of a saguaro cactus
  • 12 metres – length of a whale shark, largest living fish
  • 12 metres – wingspan of a Quetzalcoatlus, a pterosaur
  • 12.8 metres – length of a Titanoboa, the largest snake to have ever lived
  • 13 metres – length of a giant squid and colossal squid, the largest living invertebrates
  • 15 metres – approximate distance the tropical circles of latitude are moving towards the equator and the polar circles are moving towards the poles each year due to a natural, gradual decrease in the Earth's axial tilt
  • 16 metres – length of a sperm whale, the largest toothed whale
  • 18 metres – height of a Sauroposeidon, the tallest-known dinosaur
  • 20 metres – length of a Leedsichthys, the largest-known fish to have lived
  • 21 metres – height of High Force waterfall in England
  • 30.5 metres – length of the lion's mane jellyfish, the largest jellyfish in the world
  • 33 metres – length of a blue whale,[127] the largest animal on earth, living or extinct, in terms of mass
  • 39 metres – length of a Supersaurus, the longest-known dinosaur and longest vertebrate[128]
  • 52 metres – height of Niagara Falls[33]
  • 55 metres – length of a bootlace worm, the longest-known animal[129]
  • 66 metres – highest possible sea level rise due to a complete melting of all ice on Earth
  • 83 metres – height of a western hemlock
  • 84 metres – height of General Sherman, the largest tree in the world

Astronomical

  • 30 metres – diametre of Template:Mpl, a rapidly spinning meteoroid
  • 30.8568 metres – 1 femtoparsec
  • 32 metres – approximate diametre of 2008 HJ, a small meteoroid

1 hectometre

File:Cheops pyramid 01.jpg
The Great Pyramid of Giza is Template:Cvt high.
File:M27 DLS.JPG
British driver location sign and location marker post on the M27 in Hampshire. The location marker posts are installed at 100-metre intervals.[130]

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 100 metres (102 m). To compare different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths between 100 metres and 1,000 metres (1 kilometre).

Conversions

100 metres (sometimes termed a hectometre) is equal to:

  • 327.9

feet

  • one side of a 1 hectare square
  • a fifth of a modern li, a Chinese unit of measurement
  • the approximate distance travelled by light in 300 nanoseconds

Human-defined scales and structures

  • 100 metres – wavelength of the highest medium wave radio frequency, 3 MHz
  • 100 metres – spacing of location marker posts on British motorways
  • 110 metres – height of the Saturn V
  • 122 metres – height of the Starship, the tallest rocket currently under development by SpaceX
  • 138.8 metres – height of the Great Pyramid of Giza (Pyramid of Cheops)
  • 139 metres – height of the world's tallest roller coaster, Kingda Ka[131]
  • 157 metres – height of the Cologne Cathedral
  • 162 metres – height of the Ulm Minster, the tallest church building in the world
  • 165 metres – height of the Dushanbe Flagpole, the tallest flagpole from May 2011 to September 2014
  • 169 metres – height of the Washington Monument
  • 171 metres – height of the Jeddah Flagpole, the tallest flagpole from September 2014 to December 2021
  • 182 metres – height of the Statue of Unity, the world's tallest statue
  • 187 metres – shortest wavelength of the broadcast radio AM band, 1600 kHz
  • 192 metres – height of the Gateway Arch
  • 202 metres – height of the Cairo Flagpole, the tallest flagpole as of December 2021
  • 202 metres – length of the Széchenyi Chain Bridge connecting Buda and Pest
  • 220 metres – height of the Hoover Dam
  • 245 metres – length of the LZ 129 Hindenburg
  • 270 metres – length of the Titanic
  • 318 metres – height of The New York Times Building
  • 318.9 metres – height of the Chrysler Building
  • 328 metres – height of Auckland's Sky Tower, the tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere (1996–2022)
  • 330 metres – height of the Eiffel Tower (including antenna)[132]
  • 336 metres – height of the world's tallest bridge as of October 2023, the Millau Viaduct
  • 364.75 metres – length of the Icon of the Seas
  • 390 metres – height of the Empire State Building
  • 400–800 metres – approximate heights of the world's tallest skyscrapers from 1931 to 2010
  • 458 metres – length of the Knock Nevis, the world's largest supertanker
  • 553.33 metres – height of the CN Tower,[133] the tallest structure in North America
  • 555 metres – longest wavelength of the broadcast radio AM band, 540 kHz
  • 630 metres – height of the KVLY-TV mast, one of the tallest structures in the world
  • 646 metres – height of the Warsaw radio mast, the world's tallest structure until its collapse in 1991
  • 679 metres – height of Merdeka 118, the second tallest structure in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 828 metres – height of Burj Khalifa, world's tallest structure since 17 January 2009[134]
  • 1,000 metres – wavelength of the lowest mediumwave radio frequency, 300 kHz

Sports

  • 100 metres – the distance a very fast human can run in about 10 seconds
  • 100.584 metres – length of a Canadian football field between the goal lines (110 yards)
  • 91.5 metres – 137 metres – length of a soccer field[119]
  • 105 metres – length of football pitch (UEFA stadium categories 3 and 4)
  • 105 metres – length of a typical football field
  • 109.73 metres – total length of an American football field (120 yards, including the end zones)
  • 110–150 metres – the width of an Australian football field
  • 135–185 metres – the length of an Australian football field
  • 137.16 metres – total length of a Canadian football field, including the end zones (150 yards)

Nature

  • 115.5 metres – height of the world's tallest tree in 2007, the Hyperion sequoia[135]
  • 310 metres – maximum depth of Lake Geneva
  • 340 metres – distance sound travels in air at sea level in one second; see Speed of sound
  • 947 metres – height of the Tugela Falls, the highest waterfall in Africa
  • 979 metres – height of the Angel Falls, the world's highest free-falling waterfall (Venezuela)

Astronomical

1 kilometre

File:Fuji Kawaguchi 357.JPG
Mount Fuji is Template:Convert high.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Gaps metres (103 m). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 1 kilometre and 10 kilometres (103 and 104 metres).

Conversions

1 kilometre (unit symbol km) is equal to:

Human-defined scales and structures

Nature

  • 1.5 km – distance sound travels in water in one second

Geographical

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Astronomical

Script error: No such module "anchor".10 kilometres (1 myriametre)

File:Strait of Gibraltar 5.53940W 35.97279N.jpg
The Strait of Gibraltar is Template:Cvt wide.

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10 and 100 kilometres (104 to 105 metres). The myriametre[147] (sometimes also spelled myriometre; 10,000 metres) is a deprecated unit name; the decimal metric prefix myria-[98] (sometimes also written as myrio-[148][149][150]) is obsolete[99][100][101] and was not included among the prefixes when the International System of Units was introduced in 1960.

Conversions

10 kilometres is equal to:

File:Myriameterstein36RüdesheimRhein.JPG
Distance marker on the Rhine: 36 (XXXVI) myriametres from Basel. The stated distance is Template:Cvt; the comma is the decimal separator in Germany.

Sports

Human-defined scales and structures

Geographical

Astronomical

100 kilometres

File:Suez canal 30.55N 32.28E.jpg
The Suez Canal is Template:Cvt long.

A length of 100 kilometres (about 62 miles), as a rough amount, is relatively common in measurements on Earth and for some astronomical objects. It is the altitude at which the FAI defines spaceflight to begin.

To help compare orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 100 and 1,000 kilometres (105 and 106 metres).

Conversions

A distance of 100 kilometres is equal to about 62 miles (or Template:Convert).

Human-defined scales and structures

Geographical

Astronomical

1 megametre

File:1e6m comparison Mars Mercury Moon Pluto Haumea - no transparency.png
Small planets, the Moon and dwarf planets in the Solar System have diametres from one to ten million metres. Top row: Mars (left), Mercury (right); bottom row: Moon (left), Pluto (center), and Haumea (right), to scale.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Gaps metres (106 m). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths starting at 106 m (1 Mm or 1,000 km).

Conversions

1 megametre is equal to:

Human-defined scales and structures

Sports

Geographical

Astronomical

10 megametres

File:1e7m comparison Uranus Neptune Sirius B Earth Venus.png
Planets from Venus up to Uranus have diametres from ten to one hundred million metres. Top row: Uranus (left), Neptune (right); middle row: Earth (left), Sirius B (center), and Venus (right), to scale.

Template:More citations needed section To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths starting at 107 metres (10 megametres or 10,000 kilometres).

Conversions

10 megametres (10 Mm) is

Human-defined scales and structures

Geographical

Astronomical

  • 12.000 Mm – diametre of Sirius B, a white dwarf[166]
  • 12.104 Mm – diametre of Venus
  • 12.742 Mm – diametre of Earth
  • 12.900 Mm – minimum distance of the meteoroid Template:Mpl from the centre of Earth on 31 March 2004, closest on record
  • 14.000 Mm – smallest diametre of Jupiter's Great Red Spot
  • 19.000 Mm – separation between Pluto and Charon
  • 30.8568 Mm – 1 nanoparsec
  • 34.770 Mm – minimum distance of the asteroid 99942 Apophis on 13 April 2029 from the centre of Earth
  • 35.786 Mm – altitude of geostationary orbit
  • 40.005 Mm – polar circumference of the Earth
  • 40.077 Mm – equatorial circumference of the Earth
  • 49.528 Mm – diametre of Neptune
  • 51.118 Mm – diametre of Uranus

100 megametres

File:1e8m comparison Saturn Jupiter OGLE-TR-122b with Uranus Neptune Sirius B Earth Venus no transparency.png
The Earth-Moon orbit, Saturn, OGLE-TR-122b, Jupiter, and other objects, to scale. Click on image for detailed view and links to other length scales.
File:Scale model of Solar System 10 billion to 1.svg
Scale model at megametres of the main Solar System bodies

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths starting at 108 metres (100 megametres or 100,000 kilometres or 62,150 miles).

1 gigametre

File:Gigameter group.png
13 things in the gigametre group
File:1e9m comparison Gamma Orionis, Algol B, the Sun, and smaller - antialiased no transparency.png
Upper part: Gamma Orionis, Algol B, the Sun (centre), and other objects to scale.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Gaps metres (109 m). To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 109 metres (1 gigametre (Gm) or 1 billion metres).

10 gigametres

File:1e10m comparison Rigel, Aldebaran, and smaller - antialiased no transparency.png
Rigel and Aldebaran (top left and right) compared to smaller stars, the Sun (very small dot in lower middle, with orbit of Mercury as yellow ellipse) and transparent sphere with radius of one light-minute

To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1010 metres (10 gigametres (Gm) or 10 million kilometres, or 0.07 astronomical units).

100 gigametres

File:1e11m comparison R Doradus and Betelgeuse, and smaller - antialiased no transparency.png
From largest to smallest: Jupiter's orbit, red supergiant star Betelgeuse, Mars' orbit, Earth's orbit, star R Doradus, and orbits of Venus, Mercury. Inside R Doradus's depiction are the blue supergiant star Rigel and red giant star Aldebaran. The faint yellow glow around the Sun represents one light-minute. Click image to see more details and links to their scales.

To help compare distances at different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths starting at 1011 metres (100 gigametre or 100 million kilometres or 0.7 astronomical units).

1 terametre

File:Terameter group.png
Eight things in the terametre group
File:1e12m comparison Kuiper belt and smaller.png
Comparison of size of the Kuiper belt (large faint torus) with the star VY Canis Majoris (within Saturn's orbit), Betelgeuse (inside Jupiter's orbit) and R Doradus (small central red sphere) together with the orbits of Neptune and Uranus, to scale. The yellow ellipses represent the orbits of each planet and the dwarf planet Pluto.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Gaps metres (1012 m). To help compare different distances, this section lists lengths starting at 1012 m (1 Tm or 1 billion km or 6.7 astronomical units).

  • ≈1 Tm – 6.7 au – diametre of the red supergiant Betelgeuse based on multiple angular diametre estimates[182]
  • 1.032 Tm – 6.9 au – diametre of the blue hypergiant Eta Carinae (at optical depth 2/3)[183]
  • 1.079 Tm – 7.2 au – one light-hour
  • 1.114 Tm – 7.5 au – diametre of WOH G64, a star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, which recently transformed from a red hypergiant to a yellow hypergiant[184]
  • 1.4 Tm – 9.5 au – average distance between Saturn and the Sun
  • 1.47 Tm – 9.9 au – diametre of HR 5171 A, a yellow hypergiant star.[185]
  • 1.5 Tm – 10 au – estimated diametre of VV Cephei A, a red hypergiant with a blue dwarf companion.[186]
  • 1.75 Tm – 11.7 au – estimated diametre of Mu Cephei, a red supergiant (possibly hypergiant) among the largest-known stars.[187]
  • 2 Tm – 13.2 au – estimated diametre of VY Canis Majoris, a red hypergiant that is among the largest-known stars[188][189]
  • 2.142 Tm – 14.3 au – estimated diametre of WOH G64, prior to its transformation into a yellow hypergiant.
  • 2.9 Tm – 19.4 au – average distance between Uranus and the Sun
  • 4.4 Tm – 29.4 au – perihelion distance of Pluto
  • 4.5 Tm – 30.1 au – average distance between Neptune and the Sun
  • 4.5 Tm – 30.1 au – inner radius of the Kuiper belt
  • 5.7 Tm – 38.1 au – perihelion distance of Eris
  • 6.0 Tm – 40.5 au – distance from Earth at which the Pale Blue Dot photograph was taken.
  • 7.3 Tm – 48.8 au – aphelion distance of Pluto
  • 7.5 Tm – 50.1 au – outer boundary of the Kuiper Belt

10 terametres

File:1e13m comparison Hale Bopp and smaller - HQ no transparency.png
Sedna's orbit (left) is longer than 100 Tm, but other lengths are between 10 and 100 Tm: Comet Hale-Bopp's orbit (lower, faint orange); one light-day (yellow spherical shell with yellow Vernal point arrow as radius); the heliosphere's termination shock (blue shell); and other arrows show positions of Voyager 1 (red) and Pioneer 10 (green). Click on image for larger view and links to other scales.

To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1013 m (10 Tm or 10 billion km or 67 astronomical units).

  • 10 Tm – 67 AU – diametre of a hypothetical quasi-star
  • 11.1 Tm – 74.2 AU – distance that Voyager 1 began detecting returning particles from termination shock
  • 11.4 Tm – 76.2 AU – perihelion distance of 90377 Sedna
  • 12.1 Tm – 70 to 90 AU – distance to termination shock (Voyager 1 crossed at 94 AU)
  • 12.9 Tm – 86.3 AU – distance to 90377 Sedna in March 2014
  • 13.2 Tm – 88.6 AU – distance to Pioneer 11 in March 2014
  • 14.1 Tm – 94.3 AU – estimated radius of the Solar System
  • 14.4 Tm – 96.4 AU – distance to Eris in March 2014 (now near its aphelion)
  • 15.1 Tm – 101 AU – distance to heliosheath
  • 16.5 Tm – 111 AU – distance to Pioneer 10 as of March 2014
  • 16.6 Tm – 111.2 AU – distance to Voyager 2 as of May 2016
  • 18 Tm – 123.5 AU – distance between the Sun to the farthest dwarf planet in the Solar System, the Farout 2018 VG18
  • 20.0 Tm – 135 AU – distance to Voyager 1 as of May 2016
  • 20.6 Tm – 138 AU – distance to Voyager 1 as of late February 2017
  • 21.1 Tm – 141 AU – distance to Voyager 1 as of November 2017
  • 24.8 Tm – 166 AU – distance to Voyager 1 as of November 2024
  • 25.9 Tm – 173 AU – one light-day
  • 30.8568 Tm – 206.3 AU – 1 milliparsec
  • 55.7 Tm – 371 AU – aphelion distance of the comet Hale-Bopp

100 terametres

File:1e14m comparison light day week and month.png
The largest yellow sphere indicates one light month distance from the Sun. Click the image for larger view, more details and links to other scales.

Script error: No such module "Unsubst". To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1014 m (100 Tm or 100 billion km or 670 astronomical units).

1 petametre

File:1e15m comparison cat's eye nebula barnard 68 one light year.png
Largest circle with yellow arrow indicates one light-year from Sun; Cat's Eye Nebula on left and Barnard 68 in middle are depicted in front of Comet 1910 A1's orbit. Click image for larger view, details and links to other scales.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1015 metres. To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1015 m (1 Pm or 1 trillion km or 6685 astronomical units (AU) or 0.11 light-years).

10 petametres

File:1e16m comparison ten light years bubble nebula.png
Objects with size order of magnitude 1e16m: Ten light-years (94.6 Pm) radius circle with yellow Vernal Point arrow; Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635), left; Dumbbell Nebula (NGC 6853), right; one light-year shell lower right with the smaller Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC_6543) and Barnard 68 adjacent.
File:1e16m comparison 10 light years sirius.png
1e16m lengths: Ten light-years (94.6 Pm) yellow shell; Sirius below right; BL Ceti below left; Proxima and Alpha Centauri upper right; light-year shell with Comet 1910 A1's orbit inside top right

To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1016 m (10 Pm or 66,800 AU, 1.06 light-years).

  • 15 Pm – 1.59 light-years – possible outer radius of Oort cloud
  • 20 Pm – 2.11 light-years – maximum extent of influence of the Sun's gravitational fieldScript error: No such module "Unsubst".
  • 30.9 Pm – 3.26 light-years – 1 parsec
  • 39.9 Pm – 4.22 light-years – distance to Proxima Centauri (nearest star to Sun)
  • 81.3 Pm – 8.59 light-years – distance to Sirius
  • 94.6 Pm – 1 light-decade

100 petametres

File:1e17m comparison 100 light years nebula clusters.png
Lengths with order of magnitude 1e17m: yellow Vernal Point arrow traces hundred light-year radius circle with smaller ten light-year circle at right; globular cluster Messier 5 in background; 12 light-year radius Orion Nebula middle right; 50-light-year-wide view of the Carina Nebula bottom left; Pleiades cluster and Bubble nebula with similar diametres each around 10 light-years bottom right; grey arrows show distances from Sun to stars Aldebaran (65 light-years) and Vega (25 light-years)

To help compare different distances this section lists lengths between 1017 m (100 Pm or 11 light-years) and 1018 m (106 light-years).

  • 110 Pm – 12 light-years – Distance to Tau Ceti
  • 230 Pm – 24 light-years – Diametre of the Orion Nebula[194][195]
  • 240 Pm – 25 light-years – Distance to Vega
  • 260 Pm – 27 light-years – Distance to Chara, a star approximately as bright as the Sun. Its faintness gives an idea how the Sun would appear when viewed from this distance.
  • 308.568 Tm – 32.6 light-years – 1 dekaparsec
  • 350 Pm – 37 light-years – distance to Arcturus
  • 373.1 Pm – 39.44 light-years – distance to TRAPPIST-1, a star recently discovered to have 7 planets around it
  • 400 Pm – 42 light-years – distance to Capella
  • 620 Pm – 65 light-years – distance to Aldebaran
  • 750 Pm – 79.36 light-years – distance to Regulus
  • 900 Pm – 92.73 light-years – distance to Algol
  • 946 Pm – 1 light-century

1 exametre

File:1e18m comparison 1000 light years nebula clusters.png
Lengths with order of magnitude 1e18m: thousand light-year radius circle with yellow arrow and 100 light-year circle at right with globular cluster Messier 5 within and Carina Nebula in front; globular cluster Omega Centauri to left of both; part of the 1,400-light-year-wide Tarantula Nebula fills the background

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1018 metres. To help compare different distances this section lists lengths between 1018 m (1 Em or 105.7 light-years) and 1019 m (10 Em or 1,057 light-years).

10 exametres

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 10 Em (1019 m or 1,100 light-years).

100 exametres

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 100 Em (1020 m or 11,000 light-years).

1 zettametre

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1021 metres.[55] To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 1 Zm (1021 m or 110,000 light-years).

10 zettametres

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 10 Zm (1022 m or 1.1 million light-years).

100 zettametres

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 100 Zm (1023 m or 11 million light-years).

1 yottametre

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1024 metres.[55]

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 1 Ym (1024 m or 105.702 million light-years).

10 yottametres

File:Superclusters atlasoftheuniverse.gif
The universe within one billion light-years of Earth

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 10 Ym (1025 m or 1.1 billion light-years). At this scale, expansion of the universe becomes significant. Distance of these objects are derived from their measured redshifts, which depends on the cosmological models used.

100 yottametres

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 100 Ym (1026 m or 11 billion light-years). At this scale, expansion of the universe becomes significant. Distance of these objects are derived from their measured redshifts, which depend on the cosmological models used.

1 ronnametre

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1027 metres.[55]

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 1 Rm (1027 m or 105.7 billion light-years). At this scale, expansion of the universe becomes significant. Distance of these objects are derived from their measured redshifts, which depend on the cosmological models used.

  • >1 Rm – >105.7 billion light-years – size of universe beyond the cosmic light horizon, depending on its curvature; if the curvature is zero (i.e. the universe is spatially flat), the value can be infinite (see Shape of the universe) as previously mentioned.
  • 2.764 Rm - 292.2 billion light-years – circumference of the observable universe, as it is in the shape of a sphere.
  • ≈101010122light-years – the possible size of the universe after cosmological inflation.
  • ≈∞ light-years – theoretical size of the multiverse if it exists.

See also

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

Template:Reflist

External links

Template:Metric units of length Template:Orders of magnitude Template:Units of length used in Astronomy Template:Portal bar


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  1. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (6.3 × 10−44 cm2, which gives an effective radius of about 1.42 × 10−22 m)
  3. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (area for 20 GeV about 10 × 10−42 m2 gives effective radius of about 2 × 10−21 m; for 250 GeV about 150 × 10−42 m2 gives effective radius of about 7 × 10−21 m)
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (diametre of the scattering cross section of an 11 MeV proton with a target proton)
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Cohn, J. University of California, Berkeley Lyman alpha systems and cosmology. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ a b c d According to The Physics Factbook, the diametre of human hair ranges from 17 to 181 μmScript error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ a b Order Siphonaptera – Fleas – BugGuide.Net Accessed 29 April 2014
  28. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  42. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  43. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  44. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  45. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  46. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  47. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  48. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  49. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  50. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  51. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  52. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  53. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  54. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  55. ↑ a b c d e Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  56. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (Template:Val, which gives an effective radius of about Template:Val)
  57. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  58. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  59. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  60. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  61. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  62. ↑ NIST. CODATA Value: classical electron radius. Retrieved 2009-02-10
  63. ↑ ISO 1683:2015
  64. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  65. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  66. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  67. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  68. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  69. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  70. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  71. ↑ Introduction to the Electromagnetic Spectrum and Spectroscopy
  72. ↑ Annis, Patty J. October 1991. Kansas State University. Fine Particle POLLUTION. Figure 1. (tobacco smoke: 10 to Template:Val; virus particles: 3 to 50 nm; bacteria: 30 to Template:Val; cooking oil smoke: 30 to Template:Val; wood smoke: 7 to Template:Val)
  73. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  74. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  75. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  76. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  77. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  78. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  79. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  80. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  81. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  82. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  83. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  84. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  85. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  86. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  87. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  88. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  89. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  90. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  91. ↑ Template:Cite report
  92. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  93. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  94. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  95. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  96. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  97. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  98. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  99. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  100. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  101. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  102. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  103. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  104. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  105. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  106. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  107. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  108. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  109. ↑ NATO Infantry Weapons Standardization, Per G. Arvidsson, ChairmanWeapons & Sensors Working GroupLand Capability Group 1 – Dismounted Soldier NATO Army Armaments Group Template:Webarchive Accessed 29 April 2014
  110. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  111. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  112. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  113. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  114. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  115. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  116. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  117. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  118. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  119. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  120. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  121. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  122. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  123. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  124. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  125. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". See especially Diagram No. 1, page 3.
  126. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  127. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  128. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  129. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  130. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  131. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  132. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  133. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  134. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  135. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  136. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  137. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  138. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  139. ↑ Template:Cite Merriam-Webster
  140. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  141. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  142. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  143. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  144. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  145. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  146. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  147. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (Website based on Alte Meß- und Währungssysteme aus dem deutschen Sprachgebiet, Template:ISBN)
  148. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  149. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  150. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  151. ↑ Haugen, Einar, Norwegian English Dictionary, 1965, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget and Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, s.v. mil
  152. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  153. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  154. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  155. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  156. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  157. ↑ Highest and lowest points on Mars Template:Webarchive NASA
  158. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  159. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  160. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  161. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  162. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  163. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  164. ↑ CIS railway timetable, route No. 002, Moscow-Vladivostok. Archived 3 December 2009.
  165. ↑ CIS railway timetable, route No. 350, Kyiv-Vladivostok. Archived 3 December 2009.
  166. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  167. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  168. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  169. ↑ Sun Fact Sheet
  170. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  171. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  172. ↑ Neuroscience: The Science of the BrainScript error: No such module "citation/CS1". p.44
  173. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  174. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  175. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  176. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  177. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  178. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". They derived an angular diametre of 20.58±0.03 milliarcsec, which given a distance of 65 light-years yields a diametre of 61 million km.
  179. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  180. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  181. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  182. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  183. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  184. ↑ Template:Cite arxiv
  185. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  186. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  187. ↑ Table 4 in Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  188. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  189. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  190. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  191. ↑ radius = distance times sin(angular diametre/2) = 0.2 light-year. Distance = 3.3 ± 0.9 kly; angular diametre = 20 arcseconds Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
  192. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  193. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  194. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  195. ↑ diametre=sin(65 arcminutes)*1270 light-years=24; where "65.00 × 60.0 (arcmin)" sourced from Revised NGC Data for NGC 1976Template:Cbignore
  196. ↑ distance × sin( diametre_angle ), using distance of 5kpc (15.8 ± 1.1 kly) and angle 36.3', = 172 ± 12.5 ly.
  197. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  198. ↑ a b Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". Vizier catalog entry
  199. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  200. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  201. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
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