Arromanches-les-Bains
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Arromanches-les-Bains (Script error: No such module "IPA".; or simply Arromanches) is a commune in the Calvados department in the Normandy region of north-western France.
Geography
Arromanches-les-Bains is 12 km north-east of Bayeux and 10 km west of Courseulles-sur-Mer on the coast where the Normandy landings took place on D-Day, 6 June 1944. Access to the commune is by the D514 road from Tracy-sur-Mer in the west passing through the town and continuing to Saint-Côme-de-Fresné in the east. The D87 road also goes from the town south to Ryes. The D65 road goes east to Meuvaines. About a third of the commune is the urban area of the town with the rest farmland.[1]
History
Arromanches is remembered as a historic place of the Normandy landings and in particular as the place where a Mulberry harbour artificial port was installed. This artificial port allowed the disembarkation of 9,000 tons of materiel per day.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
It was on the beach of Arromanches that, during the Invasion of Normandy immediately after D-Day, the Allies established an artificial temporary harbour to allow the unloading of heavy equipment without waiting for the conquest of deep water ports such as Le Havre or Cherbourg. Although at the centre of the Gold Beach landing zone, Arromanches was spared the brunt of the fighting on D-Day so the installation and operation of the port could proceed as quickly as possible without damaging the beach and destroying surrounding lines of communication. The port was commissioned on 14 June 1944.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
This location was one of two sites chosen to establish the necessary port facilities to unload quantities of supplies and troops needed for the invasion during June 1944, the other being built further west at Omaha Beach. The British built huge floating concrete caissons which, after being towed from England, then had to be assembled to form walls and piers forming and defining the artificial port called the Mulberry harbour. These comprised pontoons linked to the land by floating roadways. One of these ports was assembled at Arromanches and even today sections of the Mulberry harbour still remain with huge concrete blocks sitting on the sand and more can be seen further out at sea.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Some key figures: by 12 June 1944 more than 300,000 men, 54,000 vehicles, 104,000 tons of supplies had been landed. During 100 days of operation of the port 2.5 million men, 500,000 vehicles, and 4 million tons of materiel were landed. The best performance of the port was in the last week of July 1944: during those seven days the traffic through Arromanches exceeded 136,000 tons or 20,000 tons per day.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Today, Arromanches is mainly a tourist town. Situated in a good location for visiting all of the battle sites and war cemeteries, there is also a museum at Arromanches with information about Operation Overlord and in particular, the Mulberry harbours.[2]
On 21 September 2013 Bradford-based sand sculpting company Sand in Your Eye created a tribute called "The Fallen 9,000". It was a temporary sculpture project—a visual representation of 9,000 people drawn in the sand which equates the number of civilians, German forces and Allies that died during the D-day landings. It coincided with Peace Day, and was washed away with the tide at the end of the day.[3]
Heraldry
Administration
Script error: No such module "Unsubst". List of Successive Mayors[4]
| From | To | Name | Party | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | 2020 | Patrick Jardin | Optician | |
| 2020 | 2026 | Marcel Bastide |
Demography
The inhabitants of the commune are known as Arromanchais or Arromanchaises in French.[5]
Template:Historical populations
Culture and heritage
Civil heritage
The commune has many buildings and sites that are registered as historical monuments:
- Houses (19th century)Template:Mérimée Icon[6]
- The Notre-Dame-des-Flots Monument at Rue du Calvaire (1911)Template:Mérimée Icon[7]
- The Grand Hotel at 22 Rue du Maréchal Joffre (20th century)Template:Mérimée Icon[8]
- The old Radar Station at Le Callouet (20th century)Template:Mérimée Icon[9]
- The Château du Petit Fontaine (1764)Template:Mérimée Icon[10]
- An Orientation table (20th century)Template:Mérimée Icon[11]
- The Artificial Harbour and Winston Churchill Harbour (20th century)Template:Mérimée Icon[12]
- The 6 June 1944 Museum (1954)Template:Mérimée Icon[13]
- A Lavoir (Public laundry) (1896)Template:Mérimée Icon[14]
- The Town Hall and Boys' Primary School (1884)Template:Mérimée Icon[15]
- The Village (Antiquity)Template:Mérimée Icon[16]
- Houses and Hotels (18th-20th century)Template:Mérimée Icon[17]
- Other sites of interest
- The Museum of the Landings
- Arromanches 360 degrees
Religious heritage
The commune has several religious buildings and sites that are registered as historical monuments:
A Presbytery at 4 avenue de l'Amiral Mountbatten (1836)Template:Mérimée Icon[18]
A Monumental Cross at Rue du Calvaire (1901)Template:Mérimée Icon[19]
A Cemetery (1857)Template:Mérimée Icon[20]
The Parish Church of Saint Peter (19th century)Template:Mérimée Icon[21] The Church contains many items that are registered as historical objects: Template:Div col
- Stained glass windows (19th-20th century)Template:Palissy Icon[22]
- Ciboria (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[23]
- A Paten (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[24]
- A Monstrance (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[25]
- A Chalice (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[26]
- A Box for Oil for the sick (20th century)Template:Palissy Icon[27]
- An Ex-voto Painting: Fishermen in danger (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[28]
- A Painting: Saint Peter (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[29]
- A Painting: Saint Paul (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[30]
- A Cross: Christ on the Cross (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[31]
- A Table (17th century)Template:Palissy Icon[32]
- 34 Pews (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[33]
- The Choir bench and wood panelling (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[34]
- A Pulpit (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[35]
- A Baptismal font (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[36]
- An Altar, Tabernacle, and Retable (19th century)Template:Palissy Icon[37]
- An Altar (1976)Template:Palissy Icon[38]
- An Altar (1) (18th century)Template:Palissy Icon[39]
- The Furniture in the ChurchTemplate:Palissy Icon[40]
Picture gallery
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Arromanches-les-Bains Panorama
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Remains of the Mulberry harbour on the beach
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Arromanches railway station around 1901
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View of the beach
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Arromanches town
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The cliffs along the coast
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Remains of German defences and the Mulberries in the background
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The Lavoir (public laundry)
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Arromanches memorial
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The Museum of the Landings
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Mulberry harbour in operation (1944)
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Commemorative plaque
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Arromanches from Cape Manvieux
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A "whale pier" bridge element from the Mulberry harbour on display since 2004
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The Mulberry harbour in June 1944
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Winston Churchill at Arromanches 21–23 July 1944
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Aerial view of the Mulberry harbour in September 1944
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Sherman tank displayed at Arromanches
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Arromanches Church
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Church of Saint Peter
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Sunset at Arromanches
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Notable people linked to the commune
- Jules Carpentier, French inventor. A main street is named in his honour.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- François Carpentier, son of Jules Carpentier, French architect and mayor of the commune. He created the Museum of the Landings in Arromanches.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- Sylvie Joly owned a villa in the commune. Her father was mayor of the commune from 1947 to 1963.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- The Boisgelin family owned a large part of the commune and still have a large house.Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
See also
References
External links
- Arromanches Tourist office website
- Photos and information on the Musée du Débarquement at Arromanches Template:In lang
- The Battle of Arromanches of 1811 Template:Webarchive on the History of Normandy website. Template:In lang
- Aromanches on the 1750 Cassini Map
- ↑ Google Maps
- ↑ Arromanches D-Day Museum homepage
- ↑ The Fallen 9000 info page
- ↑ List of Mayors of France Template:In lang
- ↑ Le nom des habitants du 14 - Calvados, habitants.fr
- ↑ Ministry of Culture, Mérimée Template:Mérimée Template:Mérimée Template:MériméeTemplate:Camera Template:Mérimée Template:MériméeTemplate:Camera Template:Mérimée Template:Mérimée Template:MériméeTemplate:Camera Template:Mérimée Template:Mérimée Template:MériméeTemplate:Mérimée Template:MériméeTemplate:Camera Template:Mérimée Template:Mérimée Template:In lang
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