Aquilaria malaccensis
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Aquilaria malaccensis is a species of plant in the family Thymelaeaceae. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, also Thailand. It is threatened by habitat loss.[1]
The World List of Threatened Trees (Oldfield et al., 1998) listed Iran as one of the countries with a population of A. malaccensis. The exploratory 2002 CITES review confirmed that Iran has no record of the species. As a result, Iran is no longer considered as habitat for or producer of agarwood.[2]
Economics
Script error: No such module "Labelled list hatnote". Aquilaria malaccensis is the major source[3] of agarwood, a resinous heartwood, used for perfume and incense.[4] The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mould, Phaeoacremonium parasitica,[5] a dematiaceous (dark-walled) fungus. Agarwood is widely used in perfume industry, especially amongst Arabic brands. However, some European brands also claim to use natural agarwood oil in almost every perfume (for example: Montale[6] and its perfume Wild Aoud[7]).
Threats
Due to rising demand for agarwood, as well as shortcomings in monitoring harvests and an increasing illegal trade, A. malaccensis is on the brink of extinction in the wild and is now considered critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Due to large-scale logging operations, many forested areas where A. malaccensis was once abundant have been destroyed.[8]
Conservation
Despite its endangerment, Aquilaria malaccensis is highly adaptable also can perform well in areas contaminated by pollution. Due to this, conservation plans have been set in place to raise agarwood in contaminated areas as well as homestead gardens.[8]
References
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- ↑ Barden, Angela (2000) Heart of the Matters: Agarwood Use and Trade also CITES Implementation for Aquilaria malaccensis Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, Template:ISBN
- ↑ -PC14 -09-02-02-A2.pdf page 47Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
- ↑ Ng, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" Journal of Tropical Forest Products 2(2): pp. 272-285
- ↑ Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
- ↑ formerly Phialophora parasitica Crous, P. W. et al. (1996) "Phaeoacremonium gen. nov. associated with wilt and decline diseases of woody hosts and human infections." Mycologia 88(5): pp. 786–796
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
- ↑ a b Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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