Turnover (food)

Template:Short description Template:Template other A turnover is a small pie, made by placing a filling on a piece of pastry dough. The dough is then folded over and sealed, and is then cooked by either baking or frying. Turnovers can be sweet or savoury and are often eaten as a sort of portable meal or dessert. Throughout the world, turnovers are known by different names, for example in Spanish speaking countries they are known as empanada, while pasty, originally a Cornish term, has spread across the globe.

It is common for sweet turnovers to have a fruit filling and be made with a puff pastry or shortcrust pastry dough and covered with icing. Savoury turnovers generally contain meat, vegetables or a mixture of both, and can be made with any sort of pastry dough. Savoury turnovers are often sold as convenience foods in supermarkets.

Fillings

File:Schubert's Bakery Apple Turnover opened (28033280541).jpg

Apple filling in a turnover

Common turnover fillings include fruits such as apples, peaches and cherries, meats like chicken, beef and pork, vegetables such as potatoes, broccoli and onions, and savoury ingredients like cheese. Specialty versions are also found, such as wild rabbit and leek. In the United Kingdom, turnovers are usually filled with cooked apples, but any fruit can be used, as described in Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management.

In the United States, savoury products that are identified as a turnover (for example, "Beef Turnover" or "Cheesy Chicken Turnover") have to contain a certain amount of meat or poultry under the Food Standards and Labeling Policy. A similar law, the Meat Pie and Sausage Roll Regulation 1967 exists in the United Kingdom, which states that Pasties must contain meat that is a minimum 12.75% of the weight of the pastry.

List of Turnover names

Around the world, Turnovers are known by different names. For example, in the United Kingdom, turnover is generally used as the name for sweet versions, however savoury turnovers can be called Pasty, Bridie (a Scottish term), Clanger or Oggie. There are different used names around the world:

Name	Image	Sweet or Savoury	Countries/Area used	References
Apfeltasche	File:Apfeltasche 2011 PD 02.JPG	Sweet	•Germany
Appelflappen	File:Appelflap (34804525332).jpg	Sweet	•Netherlands
Bierock	File:Bierrock.jpg	Savoury	•Eastern European •United States
Birnbrot	File:Bündner Birnbrot.jpg	Sweet	•Switzerland
Börek	File:Albanian triangle byrek.jpg	Sweet and Savoury	•Middle East •Balkans
Bourekas	File:Bourekas.jpg	Sweet and Savoury	•Israel
Bridie	File:Bridie.jpg	Savoury	•Scotland
Briouat	File:Moroccan food-02.jpg	Sweet and Savoury	•Morocco
Chausson aux pommes	File:Appleturnover.jpg	Sweet	•France
Clanger	File:Bedfordshire Clanger.jpg	Savoury	•England
Curry puff	File:Karipap Daging.jpg	Savoury	•Brunei •India •Indonesia •Malaysia •Myanmar •Singapore •Thailand
Curry beef turnover	File:CurryBeef.jpg	Savoury	•Hong Kong
Empanada	File:Tapa de empanadillitas.JPG	Sweet or Savoury	•Spain •Argentine •Peru •Nicaragua •Chile •Colombia •Cuba •Equador •Mexico •Venezuela •Uruguay •Sardinia •Philippines •Sicily •Tunisia •North Sulawesi
Fried pie	File:JCCFolkSchoolfriedpie.jpg	Sweet	•United States
Haitian patty	File:Haitian Patties.jpg	Savoury	•Haiti
Jamaican patty	File:Jamaican patties and redstripe.jpg	Savoury	•Caribbean
Pasty	File:Cornish Pasty (cropped).jpeg	Sweet / Savoury	•United Kingdom •United States •Australia •New Zealand •South Africa
Paste	File:Mexico City pastie.JPG	Sweet or Savoury	•Mexico
Pastel	File:Brazilian pastel.jpg	Sweet and Savoury	•Brazil
Patties		Savoury	•Sri Lanka
Pirozhki	File:Piroshki.JPG	Sweet and Savoury	•Russia
Salteña	File:Salteñas de Bolivia.jpg	Savoury	•Bolivia
Samosa	File:Vegetable Samosa.jpg	Savoury	•West Asia •East Africa •Central Asia •Southeast Asia
Sambousek		Savoury	•Middle Eastern
Strudel	File:Strudel.jpg	Sweet and Savoury	•Austria •Italy •Israel •Hungary •Germany •France •Croatia •Bosnia and Herzegovina •Poland •Ukraine •Romania •Czech Republic •Slovakia •Slovenia •Serbia •Bulgaria
Welsh Oggie		Savoury	•Wales

Similar food types

There are food products that look similar to Turnovers, but are not made from Pastry dough. In Italy, the Calzone, which originated in Naples in the 18th century, is essentially a folded pizza. Traditionally made from salted bread dough, baked in an oven and is stuffed with salami, ham or vegetables, mozzarella, ricotta and Parmesan or pecorino cheese, as well as an egg. The Panzerotti, which originated in the Apulia region, are a smaller hand-held version of a Calzone, and are classically filled with tomato and mozzarella, though other typical Italian fillings are common such as cured meats, varied cheeses and greens such as the Pugliese favourite: cime di rapa. Panzerotti are deep-fried instead of being baked. Another folded and stuffed bread product is Scaccia, a Sicilian stuffed flatbread.

See also

• List of pastries
• List of stuffed dishes
• List of pies, tarts and flans
• Blachindla
• Calzone
• Hot Pockets
• Jiucai hezi
• Knish
• Panzerotti
• Pâté chaud
• Pot pie
• Stromboli