Antimony pentachloride

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Antimony(V) chloride)
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Short description <templatestyles src="Chembox/styles.css"/>

Template:Chembox image cellTemplate:Chembox AllOtherNamesTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox IndexlistTemplate:Chembox JmolTemplate:Chembox ChEMBLTemplate:Chembox ECHATemplate:Chembox E numberTemplate:Chembox IUPHAR ligandTemplate:Chembox UNIITemplate:Chembox CompToxTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox SolubilityInWaterTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox DeltaGfreeTemplate:Chembox HazardsTemplate:Chembox headerbarTemplate:Chembox Datapage checkTemplate:Yesno
Antimony pentachloride
Template:Chembox image sbs cell
Template:Longitem Template:Unbulleted list
ChEBI Template:Unbulleted list
ChemSpider Template:Unbulleted list
DrugBank Template:Unbulleted list
EC Number Template:Unbulleted list
KEGG Template:Unbulleted list
Template:Longitem Template:Unbulleted list
RTECS number Template:Unbulleted list
Script error: No such module "collapsible list".
Script error: No such module "collapsible list".
Template:Longitem Template:Chembox Elements/molecular formula
Molar mass Template:Chem molar mass
Appearance colorless or reddish-yellow (fuming) liquid, oily
Odor pungent, offensive
Density 2.336 g/cm3 (20 °C)[1]
2.36 g/cm3 (25 °C)[2]
Melting point Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures
Boiling point Template:Chembox CalcTemperatures
Solubility soluble in alcohol, HCl, tartaric acid, CHCl3, CS2, CCl4
Solubility in selenium(IV) oxychloride 62.97 g/100 g (25 °C)
Vapor pressure 0.16 kPa (25 °C)
4 kPa (40 °C)
7.7 kPa (100 °C)[4]
Template:Longitem −120.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Template:Longitem 1.59255
Viscosity 2.034 cP (29.4 °C)[1]
1.91 cP (35 °C)
Template:Longitem Trigonal bipyramidal
Template:Longitem 0 D
Template:Longitem 120.9 J/mol·K (gas)
Template:Longitem 295 J/mol·K
Template:Longitem −437.2 kJ/mol
Template:Longitem Antimony pentafluoride
Template:Longitem Phosphorus pentachloride
Template:Longitem Antimony trichloride

Template:Chembox Footer/tracking container onlyScript error: No such module "TemplatePar".Template:Short description

Antimony pentachloride is a chemical compound with the formula SbCl5. It is a colourless oil, but typical samples are yellowish due to dissolved chlorine. Owing to its tendency to hydrolyse to hydrochloric acid, SbCl5 is a highly corrosive substance and must be stored in glass or PTFE containers.

Preparation and structure

Antimony pentachloride is prepared by passing chlorine gas into molten antimony trichloride:

SbCl3 + Cl2 → SbCl5

Gaseous SbCl5 has a trigonal bipyramidal structure.[5]

Reactions

This compounds reacts with water to form antimony pentoxide and hydrochloric acid:[6]

2 SbCl5 + 5 H2O → Sb2O5 + 10 HCl

The mono- and tetrahydrates are known, SbCl5·H2O and SbCl5·4H2O.

This compound forms adducts with many Lewis bases. SbCl5 is a soft Lewis acid and its ECW model parameters are EA = 3.64 and CA = 10.42. It is used as the standard Lewis acid in the Gutmann scale of Lewis basicity.[7][8]

It is also a strong oxidizing agent.[9] For example aromatic ethers are oxidized to their radical cations according to the following stoichiometry:[10]

3Script error: No such module "String".SbCl5 + 2 ArH → 2Script error: No such module "String".(ArH+)(SbCl6−) + SbCl3

Applications

Antimony pentachloride is used as a polymerization catalyst and for the chlorination of organic compounds.

Precautions

Antimony pentachloride is a highly corrosive substance that should be stored away from heat and moisture. It is a chlorinating agent and, in the presence of moisture, it releases hydrogen chloride gas. Because of this, it may etch even stainless-steel tools (such as needles), if handled in a moist atmosphere. It should not be handled with non-fluorinated plastics (such as plastic syringes, plastic septa, or needles with plastic fittings), since it melts and carbonizes plastic materials.[11]

References

<templatestyles src="Reflist/styles.css" />

  1. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Antimony pentachloride in Linstrom, Peter J.; Mallard, William G. (eds.); NIST Chemistry WebBook, NIST Standard Reference Database Number 69, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg (MD) (retrieved 2014-05-29)
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Pradyot Patnaik. Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals. McGraw-Hill, 2002, Template:ISBN
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". The plots shown in this paper used older parameters. Improved E&C parameters are listed in ECW model.
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Shekarchi, M.; Behbahani, F. K Catal. Lett. 2017 147 2950. doi:10.1007/s10562-017-2194-2

Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

External links

Template:Sister project

Template:Antimony compounds Template:Chlorides

Retrieved from "http://debianws.lexgopc.com/wiki143/index.php?title=Antimony_pentachloride&oldid=2729379"