Amalgamated Engineering Union

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The Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU) was a major British trade union. It merged with the Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union to form the Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union in 1992.

History

The history of the union can be traced back to the formation of the Journeymen Steam Engine, Machine Makers' and Millwrights' Friendly Society, in 1826, popularly known as the "Old Mechanics". They invited a large number of other unions to become part of what became the Amalgamated Society of Engineers (ASE).[1]

In 1920, the ASE put out a fresh call for other unions to merge with it in a renamed Amalgamated Engineering Union (AEU). Seventeen unions balloted their members on a possible merger, and nine voted in favour of amalgamation:[1]

The resulting union had a membership of 450,000,[2] about 300,000 coming from the ASE.[3]

File:Jack Leckie addressing a rally, 1922.jpg
Jack Leckie, a Scottish trade union activist and communist, addressing a rally at Radford Road, Coventry, during the 1922 Engineers' Lockout.

In 1922 employers, represented by the Engineering Employers' Federation, launched an industry-wide lockout in an attempt to reverse the gains made by the AEU during WWI and its aftermath.[2] Exploiting the downturn in economic conditions in the engineering industry, they demanded the union forfeit control over overtime. The lockout lasted from 11 March to 13 June and involved 260,000 workers, 90,000 of them represented by the AEU. The lockout ended with the union conceding some of the employers' demands.[2]

The AEU continued to grow and absorb smaller unions. From 1926, it accepted members who had not completed an apprenticeship. In 1933, it had 168,000 members, and 390,900 by the end of the decade. Its largest membership growth came during the Second World War when its all-male membership voted to admit women for the first time and 100,000 joined almost immediately, membership reaching 825,000 by 1943.[4] It admitted women due to the increasing role of female industrial workers in the British home front, as well as to prevent either female workers joining rival unions or non-union female workers from undercutting union wages.[5] However, during World War II the AEU also lost its overseas branches in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa, which became independent unions.Template:Fact

From the 1940s, the AEU also absorbed various smaller unions: the Amalgamated Society of Glass Works Engineers, Amalgamated Society of Vehicle Builders, Carpenters and Mechanics, Amalgamated Machine, Engine and Iron Grinders' and Glaziers' Society, Leeds Spindle and Flyer Makers' Trade and Friendly Society, United Operative Spindle and Flyer Makers' Trade and Friendly Society, and the Turners', Fitters' and Instrument Makers' Union.[6]

The AEU merged with the Amalgamated Union of Foundry Workers (AUFW) on 1 January 1968 to form the Amalgamated Union of Engineering and Foundry Workers (AEF), and with the Draughtsmen and Allied Technicians' Association (DATA) and Constructional Engineering Union in 1971 to form the Amalgamated Union of Engineering Workers (AUEW). The union was now organised on a federal basis, with four sections: Engineering, Foundry, Construction, and Technical, Administrative and Supervisory (TASS). This approach was not a success, as the various sections fell into dispute with each other. In 1984, the Engineering, Foundry and Construction Sections were merged and in 1986 adopted the name Amalgamated Engineering Union once more, while the TASS remained separate and, in 1988, it became entirely independent of the union once more.[7]

Despite this series of amalgamations, declines in the number of workers in heavy industry saw membership drop from a peak of 1,483,400 in 1979, to 858,000 in 1986.[4] The AEU became a mainstay of the moderate right in the trade union movement through the 1980s and 1990s, leading the manufacturing unions in 1989–1991 in a successful push for a shorter working week, but failing to merge with a number of unions, notally the Union of Construction, Allied Trades and Technicians.Template:Fact

In 1992 the AEU finally achieved a merger with the Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union, EETPU, after a hundred years of off and on discussions.[8] The new union took the name Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union.[9]

Election results

Like the ASE before it, the AEU affiliated to the Labour Party, sponsoring candidates at each election, many of whom won seats in Parliament.

Election Constituency Candidate Votes Percentage Position
1922 general election Aberdeen North Script error: No such module "Sort". 10,958 55.7 1[10]
Ashton-under-Lyne Script error: No such module "Sort". 8,834 42.4 2[10]
Basingstoke Script error: No such module "Sort". 3,035 13.6 3[10]
Camborne Script error: No such module "Sort". 4,502 21.9 3[10]
Dumbarton Burghs Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,397 64.5 1[10]
Edmonton Script error: No such module "Sort". 8,407 45.1 1[10]
Gateshead Script error: No such module "Sort". 18,795 43.8 1[10]
Newcastle upon Tyne West Script error: No such module "Sort". 11,654 43.9 1[10]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 12,312 55.6 1[10]
Plymouth Drake Script error: No such module "Sort". 8,359 31.4 2[10]
Rochdale Script error: No such module "Sort". 15,774 38.8 1[10]
Stalybridge and Hyde Script error: No such module "Sort". 7,578 21.6 3[10]
The Wrekin Script error: No such module "Sort". 10,603 47.6 2[11]
Woolwich West Script error: No such module "Sort". 9,550 39.8 2[10]
Yeovil Script error: No such module "Sort". 9,581 38.3 2[10]
1923 general election Aberdeen North Script error: No such module "Sort". 9,138 50.6 1[12]
Edmonton Script error: No such module "Sort". 10,735 64.4 1[12]
Gateshead Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,689 41.1 2[12]
Newcastle upon Tyne West Script error: No such module "Sort". 11,527 43.2 2[12]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 12,492 59.9 1 [12]
Rochdale Script error: No such module "Sort". 13,525 32.6 2[12]
1924 general election Dumbarton Burghs Script error: No such module "Sort". 14,562 59.2 1[13]
Edmonton Script error: No such module "Sort". 11,614 53.1 1[13]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 12,875 56.1 1[13]
1929 general election Dartford Script error: No such module "Sort". 26,871 50.6 1[14]
Dumbarton Burghs Script error: No such module "Sort". 19,193 63.1 1[14]
Edmonton Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,555 59.3 1[14]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 18,176 60.5 1[14]
1931 by-election Sunderland Script error: No such module "Sort". 30,074 39.8 2[15]
1931 general election Barrow Script error: No such module "Sort". 15,835 43.2 2[16]
1935 general election Consett Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,419 58.7 1[17]
Dumbarton Burghs Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,409 65.2 1[17]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 19,992 58.5 1[17]
1945 general election Aberdeen South Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,398 42.3 2[18]
Dumbarton Burghs Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,262 65.2 1[18]
Manchester Hulme Script error: No such module "Sort". 12,034 55.6 1[18]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,197 62.0 1[18]
1948 by-election Edmonton Script error: No such module "Sort". 26,164 53.4 1[19]
1949 by-election Leeds West Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,935 55.2 1[19]
1950 general election Bury and Radcliffe Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,705 44.4 2[20]
East Dunbartonshire Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,943 52.7 1[20]
Edmonton Script error: No such module "Sort". 34,897 55.1 1[20]
Hayes and Harlington Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,490 60.1 1[20]
Keighley Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,833 48.5 1[20]
Leeds West Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,339 51.6 1[20]
Newcastle upon Tyne North Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,860 35.9 2[20]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 31,832 59.1 1[20]
Rochdale Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,484 44.9 1[20]
Southall Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,107 53.9 1[20]
1951 general election Cirencester and Tewkesbury Script error: No such module "Sort". 18,353 40.5 2[21]
East Dunbartonshire Script error: No such module "Sort". 26,678 51.2 1[21]
Edmonton Script error: No such module "Sort". 36,023 58.4 1[21]
Esher Script error: No such module "Sort". 15,334 28.6 2[21]
Glasgow Scotstoun Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,872 49.3 2[21]
Hayes and Harlington Script error: No such module "Sort". 23,823 64.8 1[21]
Keighley Script error: No such module "Sort". 23,743 52.8 1[21]
Leeds West Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,357 54.1 1[21]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 31,374 58.3 1[21]
Rochdale Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,343 49.6 2[21]
Southall Script error: No such module "Sort". 29,123 57.9 1[21]
Southend West Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,352 30.9 2[21]
Stockport North Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,893 44.9 2[21]
1955 general election Barry Script error: No such module "Sort". 19,722 42.1 2[22]
Bridgwater Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,170 40.8 2[22]
East Dunbartonshire Script error: No such module "Sort". 24,216 48.7 1[22]
Edmonton Script error: No such module "Sort". 30,232 56.6 1[22]
Glasgow Woodside Script error: No such module "Sort". 15,543 43.9 2[22]
High Peak Script error: No such module "Sort". 13,652 34.6 2[22]
Keighley Script error: No such module "Sort". 19,414 46.5 1[22]
Leeds West Script error: No such module "Sort". 24,576 52.8 1[22]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 29,299 57.9 1[22]
Rochdale Script error: No such module "Sort". 24,928 48.5 2[22]
Southall Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,207 57.2 1[22]
Stockport South Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,612 44.5 2[22]
1958 by-election Rochdale Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,133 44.7 1[23]
1959 general election Burnley Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,675 57.0 1[23]
Doncaster Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,935 46.4 2[23]
East Dunbartonshire Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,942 51.1 1[23]
Edmonton Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,598 50.5 1[23]
Glasgow Scotstoun Script error: No such module "Sort". 24,690 53.7 1[23]
Glasgow Woodside Script error: No such module "Sort". 14,483 43.1 2[23]
High Peak Script error: No such module "Sort". 13,827 34.0 2[23]
Keighley Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,456 49.8 2[23]
Leeds West Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,878 54.9 1[23]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 31,041 57.4 1[23]
Oxford Script error: No such module "Sort". 18,310 34.8 2[23]
Rochdale Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,689 41.5 1[23]
Southall Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,285 52.7 1[23]
South Northamptonshire Script error: No such module "Sort". 18,292 43.0 2[23]
Stockport South Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,982 46.7 2[23]
1963 by-election Swansea East Script error: No such module "Sort". 18,909 61.1 1
1964 general election Bradford North Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,905 43.6 1[24]
Bristol North West Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,030 42.9 2[24]
Burnley Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,244 56.8 1[24]
Doncaster Script error: No such module "Sort". 23,845 49.9 1[24]
East Dunbartonshire Script error: No such module "Sort". 32,948 55.6 1[24]
Edmonton Script error: No such module "Sort". 24,373 49.2 1[24]
Gateshead East Script error: No such module "Sort". 26,633 64.5 1[24]
Glasgow Scotstoun Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,036 61.6 1[24]
Keighley Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,816 43.0 1[24]
Leeds West Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,968 50.5 1[24]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 32,932 56.0 1[24]
Paisley Script error: No such module "Sort". 26,318 52.9 1[24]
Rochdale Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,927 46.7 1[24]
Salford West Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,490 55.5 1[24]
Southall Script error: No such module "Sort". 18,041 48.0 1[24]
Swansea East Script error: No such module "Sort". 30,904 73.0 1[24]
Tottenham Script error: No such module "Sort". 19,458 54.7 1[24]
Truro Script error: No such module "Sort". 14,224 31.5 2[24]
Wallsend Script error: No such module "Sort". 39,841 60.4 1[24]
1966 general election Bradford North Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,727 55.4 1[25]
Burnley Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,583 60.4 1[25]
Consett Script error: No such module "Sort". 29,753 73.3 1[25]
Doncaster Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,777 56.7 1[25]
East Dunbartonshire Script error: No such module "Sort". 32,988 52.2 1[25]
Edmonton Script error: No such module "Sort". 26,422 58.6 1[25]
Gateshead East Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,628 69.6 1[25]
Glasgow Scotstoun Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,320 61.8 1[25]
Keighley Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,039 55.0 1[25]
Leeds West Script error: No such module "Sort". 24,391 56.3 1[25]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 36,901 62.8 1[25]
Paisley Script error: No such module "Sort". 28,074 60.0 1[25]
Rochdale Script error: No such module "Sort". 24,481 52.4 1[25]
Salford West Script error: No such module "Sort". 19,237 59.2 1[25]
Swansea East Script error: No such module "Sort". 30,290 75.4 1[25]
Tottenham Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,367 65.3 1[25]
Wallsend Script error: No such module "Sort". 39,744 65.2 1[25]
1970 general election Aberdeen North Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,707 62.1 1[26]
Bradford North Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,141 52.1 1[26]
Burnley Script error: No such module "Sort". 24,200 57.0 1[26]
Consett Script error: No such module "Sort". 28,985 70.9 1[26]
Doncaster Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,658 50.7 1[26]
Edmonton Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,626 49.1 1[26]
Gateshead East Script error: No such module "Sort". 28,524 64.8 1[26]
Glasgow Scotstoun Script error: No such module "Sort". 26,492 57.4 1[26]
Keighley Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,341 49.3 2[26]
Leeds West Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,618 51.8 1[26]
Louth Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,403 33.9 2[26]
Merthyr Tydfil Script error: No such module "Sort". 9,234 28.7 2[26]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 34,873 52.5 1[26]
Paisley Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,429 54.1 1[26]
Rochdale Script error: No such module "Sort". 19,247 41.6 1[26]
Salford West Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,986 54.3 1[26]
South Northamptonshire Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,131 37.2 2[26]
South West Norfolk Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,572 42.7 2[26]
Swansea East Script error: No such module "Sort". 28,183 68.5 1[26]
Tottenham Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,367 61.3 1[26]
Wallsend Script error: No such module "Sort". 39,065 61.3 1[26]
1973 by-election Dundee East Script error: No such module "Sort". 14,411 32.7 1[27]
1974 Feb general election Aberdeen North Script error: No such module "Sort". 23,193 47.7 1[28]
Bradford North Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,381 43.3 1[28]
Bridgwater Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,786 29.5 2[28]
Burnley Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,108 50.4 1[28]
Carlton Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,147 33.5 2[28]
Chorley Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,440 40.3 1[28]
Consett Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,401 61.1 1[28]
Coventry North East Script error: No such module "Sort". 30,496 63.9 1[28]
Doncaster Script error: No such module "Sort". 23,041 47.9 1[28]
Dundee East Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,100 33.7 2[28]
Gateshead East Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,269 55.2 1[28]
Glasgow Garscadden Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,035 52.3 1[28]
Gloucester Script error: No such module "Sort". 18,215 35.2 2[28]
Leeds West Script error: No such module "Sort". 19,436 42.1 1[28]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 38,369 49.3 1[28]
Paisley Script error: No such module "Sort". 23,820 48.4 1[28]
St Pancras North Script error: No such module "Sort". 14,761 52.8 1[28]
Salford West Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,808 51.3 1[28]
Swansea East Script error: No such module "Sort". 28,537 66.3 1[28]
Tottenham Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,999 54.8 1[28]
Wallsend Script error: No such module "Sort". 41,811 62.0 1[28]
1974 Oct general election Aberdeen North Script error: No such module "Sort". 23,130 50.9 1[27]
Bradford North Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,841 49.1 1[27]
Burnley Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,642 54.8 1[27]
Chorley Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,290 44.1 1[27]
Consett Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,123 67.0 1[27]
Coventry North East Script error: No such module "Sort". 26,489 59.5 1[27]
Doncaster Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,177 51.3 1[27]
Dundee East Script error: No such module "Sort". 15,137 32.7 2[27]
Gateshead East Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,620 61.9 1[27]
Glasgow Garscadden Script error: No such module "Sort". 19,737 50.9 1[27]
Leeds West Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,669 49.6 1[27]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 38,956 53.3 1[27]
Paisley Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,368 44.8 1[27]
Rochdale Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,339 36.8 2[27]
St Pancras North Script error: No such module "Sort". 14,155 58.5 1[27]
Salford West Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,112 57.2 1[27]
Tottenham Script error: No such module "Sort". 15,708 58.8 1[27]
Wallsend Script error: No such module "Sort". 37,180 58.1 1[27]
1979 general election Aberdeen North Script error: No such module "Sort". 26,771 59.3 1[29]
Bradford North Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,069 50.9 1[29]
Burnley Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,172 50.8 1[29]
Chorley Script error: No such module "Sort". 28,546 43.0 2[29]
Consett Script error: No such module "Sort". 26,708 61.3 1[29]
Coventry North East Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,010 57.3 1[29]
Doncaster Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,184 48.9 1[29]
Gateshead East Script error: No such module "Sort". 28,776 61.2 1[29]
Hackney North and Stoke Newington Script error: No such module "Sort". 14,688 51.6 1[29]
Kilmarnock Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,718 52.6 1[29]
Leeds West Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,290 49.4 1[29]
Manchester Blackley Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,346 50.4 1[29]
Newton Script error: No such module "Sort". 41,466 51.4 1[29]
Rochdale Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,878 34.3 2[29]
St Pancras North Script error: No such module "Sort". 14,556 54.2 1[29]
Salford West Script error: No such module "Sort". 18,411 61.5 1[29]
Tottenham Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,299 56.9 1[29]
Wallsend Script error: No such module "Sort". 38,214 55.1 1[29]
1983 general election Aberdeen North Script error: No such module "Sort". 19,262 47.0 1[30]
Coventry North East Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,190 47.8 1[30]
Doncaster Central Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,154 42.0 1[30]
Edinburgh Leith Script error: No such module "Sort". 16,177 39.7 1
Gateshead East Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,981 48.3 1[30]
Hackney North and Stoke Newington Script error: No such module "Sort". 18,989 52.0 1[30]
Kilmarnock and Loudoun Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,250 43.6 1[30]
Leeds West Script error: No such module "Sort". 15,860 34.0 2
Manchester Blackley Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,132 48.1 1
St Helens North Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,334 47.9 1
Salford East Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,373 53.7 1
Tottenham Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,423 52.0 1[30]
Wallsend Script error: No such module "Sort". 26,615 50.1 1
1985 by-election Tyne Bridge Script error: No such module "Sort". 13,517 57.8 1
1986 by-election Knowsley North Script error: No such module "Sort". 17,403 56.3 1
1987 general election Aberdeen North Script error: No such module "Sort". 24,145 54.7 1
Bury North Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,186 37.8 2[31]
Caithness and Sutherland Script error: No such module "Sort". 3,437 14.9 3[31]
Doncaster Central Script error: No such module "Sort". 26,266 51.2 1[31]
Edinburgh Leith Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,104 49.3 1[31]
Feltham and Heston Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,325 37.4 2[31]
Glasgow Pollok Script error: No such module "Sort". 23,239 63.1 1[31]
Kilmarnock and Loudoun Script error: No such module "Sort". 23,713 48.5 1
Knowsley North Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,454 69.9 1[31]
Manchester Blackley Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,476 52.4 1[31]
St Helens North Script error: No such module "Sort". 28,989 53.7 1[31]
Salford East Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,555 58.8 1[31]
Sheffield Central Script error: No such module "Sort". 25,872 67.7 1[31]
Sheffield Heeley Script error: No such module "Sort". 28,425 53.4 1[31]
Tyne Bridge Script error: No such module "Sort". 23,131 63.0 1[31]
Wallsend Script error: No such module "Sort". 32,709 56.8 1[31]
1992 general election Aberdeen North Script error: No such module "Sort". 18,845 47.0 1
Bolton North East Script error: No such module "Sort". 21,459 44.5 2
Doncaster Central Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,795 54.3 1
Glasgow Pollok Script error: No such module "Sort". 14,170 43.4 1
Kilmarnock and Loudoun Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,210 44.8 1
Knowsley North Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,517 77.5 1
Manchester Blackley Script error: No such module "Sort". 23,031 60.2 1
Rotherham Script error: No such module "Sort". 27,933 63.9 1
Salford East Script error: No such module "Sort". 20,327 60.0 1
Sheffield Central Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,764 68.7 1
Sheffield Heeley Script error: No such module "Sort". 28,005 55.7 1
St Helens North Script error: No such module "Sort". 31,930 57.9 1
Tyne Bridge Script error: No such module "Sort". 22,328 67.2 1

Leadership

General Secretaries

AEU
1920: Tom Mann
1921: Albert Smethurst
1933: Fred A. Smith
1943: Benjamin Gardner
1956: Cecil Hallett
1965: Jim Conway
AEF/AUEW
Year Construction Engineering Foundry TASS
1968 Created 1971 Jim Conway William Simpson Created 1971
1971 Eddie Marsden George Doughty
1974 Bob Garland Ken Gill
1975 John Boyd
1976 John Baldwin
1982 Gavin Laird
1984 Gavin Laird
AEU
1988: Gavin Laird

Presidents

1920: James Thomas Brownlie
1931: William Harold Hutchinson
1933: John C. Little
1939: Jack Tanner
1953: Robert Openshaw
1956: William Carron
1968: Hugh Scanlon
1978: Terry Duffy
1986: Bill Jordan

References

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  1. ↑ a b Arthur Marsh and Victoria Ryan, Historical Directory of British Trade Unions, vol.3, pp.12-16
  2. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ a b Cite error: Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".Script error: No such module "Namespace detect".
  5. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Chris Cook, The Routledge Guide to British Political Archives: Sources since 1945, pp.223-224
  8. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".. Note that this list is of the sanctioned candidates as of June 1922, and there were some changes between this date and the general election.
  11. ↑ Candidate was listed as sponsored but not attached to any specific constituency in: Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ a b c Labour Party, Annual Report of the Labour Party Conference (1928), pp.275–281. Note that this is a list of affiliations of Labour MPs as of September 1928, and it is possible that some MPs held different sponsorship as of the 1924 election.
  14. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ a b c d Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ a b Sponsor assumed to be the same as at the 1950 UK general election
  20. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Labour Party, Report of the Fifty-Fourth Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp.255-275
  23. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Labour Party, Report of the Fifty-Eighth Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp.179-201
  24. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Labour Party, Report of the Sixty-Third Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp.158-180
  25. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Labour Party, Report of the Sixty-Fifth Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp.308-330
  26. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Labour Party, Report of the Sixty-Ninth Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp.289-312
  27. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Labour Party, Report of the Seventy-Third Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp.391-411
  28. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Labour Party, Report of the Seventy-Third Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp.371-390
  29. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Labour Party, Report of the Seventy-Eighth Annual Conference of the Labour Party, pp.406-431
  30. ↑ a b c d e f g Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".

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External links

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