Cor Caroli

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Template:Short description

α Canum Venaticorum
Template:Location mark
The location of α Canum Venaticorum (circled)
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0      Equinox J2000.0 (ICRS)
Constellation Canes Venatici
α2 CVn
Right ascension Template:RA[1]
Declination Template:DEC[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 2.84 to 2.98[2]
α1 CVn
Right ascension Template:RA[1]
Declination Template:DEC[1]
Apparent magnitude (V) 5.60[3]
Characteristics
α2 CVn
Spectral type A0pSiEuHg[4]
U−B Template:Engvar −0.32[5]
B−V Template:Engvar −0.12[5]
Variable type α2 CVn
α1 CVn
Spectral type F2V[6]
U−B Template:Engvar −0.03[7]
B−V Template:Engvar +0.34[7]
Astrometry
α2 CVn
Radial velocity (Rv)Template:Val[8] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −235.08[1] mas/yr
Dec.: 53.54[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)32.7227±0.5844 mas[9]
DistanceTemplate:Rnd ± Template:Rnd ly
(Template:Rnd ± Template:Rnd pc)
Absolute magnitude (MV)Template:Val[10]
α1 CVn
Radial velocity (Rv)−0.60 ± 0.9[11] km/s
Proper motion (μ) RA: −232.86[1] mas/yr
Dec.: 55.69[1] mas/yr
Parallax (π)30.6121±0.0666 mas[12]
DistanceTemplate:Rnd ± Template:Rnd ly
(Template:Rnd ± Template:Rnd pc)
Details
α2 CVn
MassTemplate:Val[10] Template:Solar mass
RadiusTemplate:Val[10] Template:Solar radius
LuminosityTemplate:Val[10] Template:Solar luminosity
Surface gravity (log g)Template:Val[10] cgs
TemperatureTemplate:Val[10] K
Rotation5.46939 d[10]
Rotational velocity (v sin i)Template:Val[10] km/s
AgeTemplate:Val[10] Myr
α1 CVn
MassTemplate:Val[13] Template:Solar mass
Radius1.5[13] Template:Solar radius
Surface gravity (log g)Template:Val[13] cgs
Temperature7,080[13] K
Metallicity [Fe/H]{{{metal_fe2}}} dex
Rotational velocity (v sin i)18[14] km/s
Other designations
Template:Odlist[15]
α2 CVn: Template:Odlist[15]
α1 CVn: Template:Odlist[16]
Database references
SIMBADα2 CVn
α1 CVn

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Cor Caroli Template:IPAc-en is a binary star in the northern constellation of Canes Venatici. It is the brightest star in the constellation, lying at the third magnitude. The International Astronomical Union uses the name "Cor Caroli" specifically for the brighter star of the binary.[17] The system has the Bayer designation Alpha Canum Venaticorum or α Canum Venaticorum.

Nomenclature

α Canum Venaticorum, Latinised to Alpha Canum Venaticorum, is the system's Bayer designation. The brighter of the two stars is designated α2 Canum Venaticorum, the fainter α1 Canum Venaticorum.[18]

In the western world Alpha Canum Venaticorum had no name until the 17th century, when it was named Cor Caroli, which means "Charles's Heart". There has been some uncertainty whether it was named in honour of King Charles I of England, who was executed in 1649 during the English Civil War, or of his son, Charles II, who restored the English monarchy to the throne in 1660. The name was coined in 1660 by Sir Charles Scarborough, physician to Charles II, who claimed the star seemed to shine exceptionally brightly on the night of Charles II's return to England. In Star Names, R.H. Allen claimed that Scarborough suggested the name to Edmond Halley and intended it to refer to Charles II.[19] However, Robert Burnham Jr. notes that "the attribution of the name to Halley appears in a report published by J. E. Bode at Berlin in 1801, but seems to have no other verification".[20] In Star Tales, Ian Ridpath points out that the name's first appearance on a star map was in the 1673 chart of Francis Lamb, who labelled it Cor Caroli Regis Martyris ('the heart of Charles the martyred king'), clearly indicating that it was seen as referring to Charles I.[21]

In 2016, the International Astronomical Union organized a Working Group on Star Names (WGSN)[22] to catalog and standardize proper names for stars. The WGSN's first bulletin of July 2016[23] included a table of the first two batches of names approved by the WGSN, which included Cor Caroli for the star α2 Canum Venaticorum.

In Chinese, Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang".), meaning Imperial Guards, refers to an asterism consisting of α Canum Venaticorum, 10 Canum Venaticorum, Beta Canum Venaticorum, 6 Canum Venaticorum, 2 Canum Venaticorum and 67 Ursae Majoris.[24] Consequently, the Chinese name for Alpha Canum Venaticorum itself is Script error: No such module "Lang". (Script error: No such module "Lang"., Template:Langx).[25] From this Chinese name, the name Chang Chen was derived.[26]

Stellar properties

File:Cor Caroli 2011-03-01.jpeg
Cor Caroli seen from northern England on March 1, 2011

Alpha Canum Venaticorum is a binary star with a combined apparent magnitude of 2.81. The two stars are 19.6 arcseconds apart in the sky and are easily resolved in small telescopes. The system lies approximately 110 light-years from the Sun.

It marks the northern vertex of the asterism known as the Great Diamond or the Diamond of Virgo.

α2 Canum Venaticorum

File:Alpha2CVnLightCurve.png
A light curve for α2 Canum Venaticorum, plotted from TESS data[27]

α2 Canum Venaticorum has a spectral type of A0, and has an apparent visual magnitude which varies between 2.84 and 2.98, with a period of 5.47 days.[2] It is a chemically peculiar star with a strong magnetic field, about 5,000 times as strong as the Earth's, and is also classified as an Ap/Bp star.[28] Its atmosphere has overabundances of some elements, such as silicon, mercury and europium. This is thought to be due to some elements sinking down into the star under the force of gravity while others are elevated by radiation pressure.[18][28] This star is the prototype of a class of variable stars, the so-called α2 Canum Venaticorum variables. The strong magnetic field of these stars is believed to produce starspots of enormous extent. Due to these starspots the brightness of α2 Canum Venaticorum stars varies considerably during their rotation.

α1 Canum Venaticorum

α1 Canum Venaticorum is an F-type main-sequence star. It is considerably fainter than its companion and has an apparent visual magnitude of approximately 5.60.[3]

Namesakes

Cor Caroli was a U.S. Navy Crater-class cargo ship named after the star.

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Stars of Canes Venatici

Template:Authority control

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named HIP
  2. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named gcvs1
  3. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Ducati
  4. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named BSC
  5. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EgUBV
  6. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Gray
  7. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named UBVRI
  8. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named radv
  9. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Gaia3b
  10. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Kochukhov
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Holmberg
  12. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Gaia3
  13. ↑ a b c d Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named AllendePrieto
  14. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named rotation
  15. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Simbad2
  16. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Simbad3
  17. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named IAU-CSN
  18. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named kaler
  19. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Allen
  20. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Burnham
  21. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named StarTales
  22. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named WGSN
  23. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named WGSN1
  24. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Chinese
  25. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named chinengstars
  26. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named StarNames
  27. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named MAST
  28. ↑ a b Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named hgs
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