Ali Larijani

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Template:Short description Template:Use dmy dates Script error: No such module "Infobox".Template:Template otherScript error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Ali Ardashir LarijaniTemplate:Efn (born 3 June 1958)Script error: No such module "Unsubst". is an Iranian politician and former military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, who serves as Secretary of Supreme National Security Council since 2025.[1] He served as the Speaker of the Parliament of Iran from 2008 to 2020.[2] He has been a member of the Expediency Discernment Council since 2020, having previously served from 1997 to 2008.

Larijani filed for candidacy in the 2024 presidential election, but was ultimately disqualified. He previously ran in 2005, but finished in 6th place, and was also disqualified from running in 2021.

Larijani was the Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council from 15 August 2005 to 20 October 2007, appointed to the position by President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad,[3] replacing Hassan Rouhani. Acceptance of Larijani's resignation from the secretary position was announced on 20 October 2007 by Gholam-Hossein Elham, the Iranian government's spokesman, mentioning that President Ahmadinejad turned down his previous resignations.[4]

Larijani was one of the two representatives of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ali Khamenei to the council, the other being Hassan Rouhani.[5] In his post as secretary, he effectively functioned as the top negotiator on issues of national security, including Iran's nuclear program. He is also currently a member of Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution.

Early life

Ali Larijani was born in Najaf, Iraq to Iranian Persian parents. He hails from a religious Shia gentry family based in Amol in the province of Mazandaran.[6] His father was a leading cleric, Ayatollah Mirza Hashem Amoli.[5] His parents moved to Najaf in 1931 due to pressure of the ruler Reza Shah, but returned to Iran in 1961.[6]

File:Msc 2007-Sunday, 09.00 - 11.00 Uhr -Zwez006 Larijani.jpg
Larijani at Munich Security Conference, February 2007

Education

Larijani is a graduate of Qom seminary.[7] He also holds a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science and mathematics from Aryamehr University of Technology and holds a master's degree and PhD in Western philosophy from the University of Tehran.[6] Initially, he wanted to continue his graduate studies in computer science, but changed his subject after consultation with Morteza Motahhari. Larijani has published books on Immanuel Kant, Saul Kripke, and David Lewis. Larijani is a faculty member of the School of Literature and Humanities at the University of Tehran.[8]

Career

Larijani is a former commander of the Revolutionary Guards.[5] Larijani served as the deputy minister of labor and social affairs. Then it was appointed deputy minister of information and communications technology.[9] In March 1994, he was appointed head of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, replacing Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani in the post.[10][11] He was in office until 21 July 2004 and was succeeded by Ezzatollah Zarghami after serving ten years in the post. He became security adviser to Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei in August 2004.

File:Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović in meeting with spokeman of Parliament of Iran (2).jpg
Larijani meeting with Croatian President Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović, 2016
File:Ali Larijani meets Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Löfven in Tehran's Parliament building 01.jpg
Larijani meeting with Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Löfven, 2017
File:Prime Minister Shinzo Abe receiving the courtesy call from Ali Larijani, Speaker of the Parliament of the Islamic Republic of Iran (01).jpg
Larijani with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in 2019

Larijani was a presidential candidate for the 2005 presidential elections, where he ranked sixth, winning 5.94% of the votes. He was considered the most important presidential candidate of the conservative alliance for the 2005 presidential elections. He was supported by the Islamic Society of Engineers (ISE), among other conservative groups. He had been announced as the final choice of the conservative Council for Coordination of the Forces of the Revolution, made from representatives of some influential conservative parties and organizations. However, he proved to be the least popular of the three conservative candidates, the others being Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (second rank in the first round, winner in the second round) and Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf (fourth rank in the first round).

In 2005, Larijani was appointed the Supreme National Security Council secretary. This body helps draw up nuclear and other policies by Khamenei.[12] He replaced Hassan Rouhani in the post.[13] As a chief nuclear negotiator, Iranian analysts said he differed with the president over how to pursue negotiations with his European counterparts and say he backed a more pragmatic approach.

As Iran's top nuclear envoy, Larijani said on 25 April 2007 that he expected "new ideas" from senior EU official Javier Solana at talks on resolving the deadlock between Tehran's refusal to freeze its nuclear programme and United Nations Security Council demands that it do so.[14]

In the March 2008 parliamentary election, Larijani won a seat from Qom. He said he was willing to work with Ahmadinejad; according to Larijani, he did not disagree with Ahmadinejad on ideological issues and had only "differences in style". In May 2008, Larijani became speaker of the parliament. He was reelected in the next year as chairman of the parliament. He was re-elected in 2012 elections as the Qom district's high-receiving candidate. He was also elected for another term as chairman of the parliament on 5 June 2012 and was sworn in on 11 June 2012.

Larijani implied on 21 June 2009 that authorities took the side of one candidate without clarifying which candidate.[15] Just after the election, Larijani reportedly congratulated presidential candidate Mir Hossein Mousavi as he, having "access to firsthand and classified information and news", believed Mousavi had won the election.[16] However, on 22 October 2012, during a QA meeting with the students of Iran University of Science and Technology, Larijani denied the allegations that he had congratulated Mousavi.[17] He was elected as speaker in the new Majlis in May 2016.[18]

In May 2021, Larijani declared his bid for the presidency in the 2021 Iranian presidential election. However, the vetting Guardian Council, in a decision that astounded both the conservatives and reformists, disqualified him from running. Considering Larijani's long career as an Islamic Republic insider who has been part of the top echelons of power since the 1979 revolution, his disqualification was a possibility even his staunch detractors couldn't envision. The Guardian Council did not announce the reason for barring him.

In May 2024, Larijani submitted his application for his candidacy for the president in the 2024 Iranian presidential election.[19]

In March 2025, US President Donald Trump sent a letter to Iran seeking to reopen nuclear weapons negotiations.[20] Ayatollah Ali Khamenei later said, "Some bullying governments insist on negotiations not to resolve issues but to impose their own expectations," which was seen as in response to the letter.[21][22] Following this, in late March 2025, Larijani said Iran would have no choice but to develop nuclear weapons if attacked by the United States, Israel or its allies.[23]

On 13 June 2025 the Iran–Israel war broke out with attacks on several nuclear facilities.[24] On June 22, the United States Air Force and Navy attacked the Natanz Nuclear Facility, Fordow Fuel Enrichment Plant, and the Isfahan Nuclear Technology/Research Center.[25]

On 5 August 2025, Larijani was appointed by president Masoud Pezeshkian to become secretary of the Supreme National Security Council for a second time.[26]

Affiliation

Larijani was considered to maintain Motalefeh membership and views while in Hashemi Rafsanjani cabinet (1992–1994).[27] Iranian scholar Mehdi Moslem in his 2002 book named Factional Politics in Post-Khomeini Iran, suggests that Larijani had been a member of Motalefeh and part of the ‘traditional right’.[28] Payam Mohseni, a fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, classifies Larijani as a lead figure in the ‘theocratic right’ camp, whose other prominent members are Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi and Mohammad Reza Mahdavi Kani.[29]

Larijani was one of the leaders of the Principlists Pervasive Coalition in 2008 parliamentary elections,[30] and a United Front of Principlists leader.[31] During Iranian 2016 parliamentary election Larijani was the leader of the Followers of Wilayat faction,[32] although he was backed by the reformist List of Hope and said he is running as an independent candidate.[33]

He is also described as a center-right politician who has "slowly distanced himself from the Principlist camp"[34] and a "conservative-turned-moderate".[35]

Larijani is known to have close associates, including the interior minister Abdolreza Rahmani Fazli,[36] Behrouz Nemati, spokesman for the parliament's presiding board,[34] and Kazem Jalali, head of the parliament's research center.[34]

Electoral history

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Year Election Votes % Rank Notes
2005 President 1,713,810 5.83 6th Lost
2008 Parliament 239,436 73.01 1st Won
2012 Parliament Increase 270,382 Decrease 65.17 1st Won
2016 Parliament Decrease 191,329 Decrease 40.31 2nd Won
2021 President — Disqualified
2024 President — Disqualified

Public image

According to a poll conducted in March 2016 by Information and Public Opinion Solutions LLC (iPOS) among Iranian citizens, Larijani has 45% approval and 34% disapproval ratings and thus a +11% net popularity, while 11% of voters do not recognize the name.[37]

Personal life

Larijani is a brother of Sadiq Larijani (President of the Judicature), Mohammad-Javad Larijani, Bagher Larijani (Faculty Member of Tehran University of Medical Sciences), and Fazel Larijani (Iran's former cultural attachée in Ottawa).[6][38] Larijani is also a cousin of Ahmad Tavakkoli (Larijani's and Tavakkoli's mothers are sisters).[6] Larijani is the son-in-law of Ayatollah Morteza Motahhari,[6][39] His daughter, Fatemeh Ardashir Larijani, studies at the University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center in the United States.[40]

Ali Ardeshir Larijani hails from Sassanian gentry, and is one of the few Iranian politicians to use the title Ardeshir.

On 2 April 2020, Larijani tested positive for coronavirus (COVID-19) and was placed in quarantine.[41]

Notes

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References

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  1. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  2. ↑ Orla Ryan, "Ahmadinejad rival elected as Iranian speaker", The Guardian, 28 May 2008]
  3. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  4. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  5. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  6. ↑ a b c d e f Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  7. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  8. ↑ Profile of Ali Larijani
  9. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  10. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  11. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  12. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  13. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
  14. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  15. ↑ CNN report: "Although the Guardian Council is made up of religious individuals, I wish certain members would not side with a certain presidential candidate," Larijani told the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB) without naming whom he meant.
  16. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  17. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  19. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  20. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  21. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  22. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  23. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  24. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  25. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  26. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  27. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  28. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  29. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  30. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  31. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ a b c Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  36. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  37. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  38. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  39. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1".
  40. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  41. ↑ Iran’s Parliament Speaker Larijani Quarantined With Coronavirus

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Further reading

  • Fischbach, Michael B. ed. Biographical encyclopedia of the modern Middle East and North Africa (Gale, 2 vol, 2008) 2: 469–470.

External links

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Template:S-break
Military offices
Preceded byas Deputy Chief of the General Staff of IRGC Template:S-bef/check Deputy Chief of the Joint Staff of IRGC
Unknown–1992 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Media offices

Template:S-break

Vacant
Title last held by
Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur
and Abdollah Nouri
Co-Caretakers 		Head of the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting
1981
1994–2004 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Vice Minister of Revolutionary Guards
for Legal and Parliamentary Affairs
1986–1989 Template:S-ttl/check 		Merged into
Ministry of Defence
Preceded byas Legal and Parliamentary Affairs Template:S-bef/check Vice Minister of Defence for Parliamentary Affairs
1989 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Minister of Culture and Islamic Guidance
1992–1994 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Vacant
Title last held by
Ahmad Khomeini 		Supreme Leader's Representative at SNSC
1996–2008
With: Hassan Rouhani Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Secretary of Supreme National Security Council
2005–2007 Template:S-ttl/check
Diplomatic posts
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Chief Nuclear Negotiator of Iran
2005–2007 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Coordination Council of Islamic Revolution Forces nominee
for President of Iran
2005 Template:S-ttl/check 		Coalition dissolved
Assembly seats
Preceded byTemplate:S-bef/check Speaker of Parliament of Iran
2008–2020 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded by
Preceded byas Head of the predecessor Principlists fraction Template:S-bef/check Head of the Principlists fraction
2008–2012 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded byas Head of the successor Principlists fraction
New title Head of the Wilayat fraction
2016 Template:S-ttl/check 		Template:S-aft/check Succeeded byas Head of the Wilayi Deputies
Template:S-aft/check Succeeded byas Head of the Wilayi Independents

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