Allan Pettersson

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Template:Short description Script error: No such module "For". Template:Good article Script error: No such module "Unsubst". Script error: No such module "infobox".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Check for clobbered parameters".Template:Wikidata image Gustaf Allan PetterssonScript error: No such module "Unsubst". (19 September 1911 – 20 June 1980) was a Swedish composer and violist. He is considered one of the 20th century's most important Swedish composers and was described as one of the last great symphonists, often compared to Gustav Mahler.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[1]Template:Rp[2] His music can hardly be confused with other 20th-century works. In the final decade of his life, his symphonies (typically one-movement works) developed an international following, particularly in Germany and Sweden.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Of these, his best known work is Symphony No. 7. His music later found success in the United States.[3]Template:Rp The conductors Antal Doráti and Sergiu Comissiona premiered and recorded several of his symphonies. Pettersson's song cycle Barefoot Songs influenced many of his compositions. Doráti arranged eight of the Barefoot Songs. Birgit Cullberg produced three ballets based on Pettersson's music.

Pettersson studied at the Royal Swedish Academy of Music's conservatory. For more than a decade, he was a violist in the Stockholm Concert Society; after retiring he devoted himself exclusively to composition. Later in his life, he experienced rheumatoid arthritis. Pettersson was awarded the Swedish royal medal Litteris et Artibus.

Biography

Early life

Born on 19 September 1911,[4] Gustaf Allan Pettersson was the youngest of four children.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". His father, Karl Viktor Pettersson (1875–1952),Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". was a violent, alcoholic blacksmith,[5] and his mother, Ida Paulina (née Svenson) (1876–1960), was a dressmaker.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Pettersson was born at Granhammar manor in Västra Ryd parish in the Uppland province of Sweden. He grew up poor[6] in Stockholm's Södermalm district,Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". where he lived during his whole life.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". He once said: <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

I wasn't born under a piano, I didn't spend my childhood with my father, the composer... no, I learnt how to work white-hot iron with the smith's hammer. My father was a smith who may have said no to God, but not to alcohol. My mother was a pious woman who sang and played with her four children.[7]

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With his parents and siblings, Pettersson lived in a damp, one-room basement apartment with bars on the window.[5]Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". When he was 10, he bought a cheap violin with money he earned from selling Christmas cards[6] and taught himself to play it.[5] Even the beatings he received from his father and the threat of reform school could not diminish his interest in music.[8] Through strict self-discipline and with the help of music, Pettersson freed himself from his social misery and difficult family circumstances.[9] Aged 14, he finished elementary school and took up full-time practice on the violin.[10]Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". He later made two unsuccessful attempts to enter the Royal Swedish Academy of Music's conservatory.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

In 1930, Pettersson began studying violin and later the viola, as well as counterpoint and harmony, at the Royal Swedish Academy of Music's conservatory (Royal College of Music, Stockholm).[4] At the beginning of World War II, he was in Paris, studying the viola with the French violist Maurice Vieux. Pettersson won the Jenny Lind scholarship prize in 1938, using it to study abroad.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Later life

File:Stockholm Åsögatan 127 (52324251044).jpg
Pettersson's home at Åsögatan 127, Stockholm

During the 1940s, Pettersson worked as a violist in the Stockholm Concert Society (later the Royal Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra).[4] He also studied composition with the composer and conductor Karl-Birger Blomdahl, orchestration with the conductor Tor Mann, and counterpoint with organist and composer Otto Olsson.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[11] In 1943, he married a physiotherapist, Gudrun Tyra Charlotta Gustafsson (1921–2017).Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[12]

In September 1951, Pettersson went to Paris to study composition and was a student of composers René Leibowitz, Arthur Honegger, Olivier Messiaen, and Darius Milhaud.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". He returned to Sweden at the end of 1952. In the early 1950s, he was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis.[13][14]Template:Efn He gave up playing the viola and began devoting his life to composition.[6] In 1954, he received an annual state composition grant for his first time.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

File:PetterssonS7TrbnTb.jpg
Motif Symphony No. 7

By the time of his Symphony No. 5, completed in 1962, his mobility and health were compromised considerably.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[15] In 1964, the government granted him a lifelong guaranteed income.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". His greatest success came a few years later with his Template:Ill (1966),[5] which premiered on 13 October 1968 in Stockholm Concert Hall with Antal Doráti conducting the Stockholm Philharmonic Orchestra.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". A recording of his seventh symphony, with the same conductor and orchestra, was released in 1969. It was a breakthrough, establishing his international reputation, and he received two Swedish Grammis in 1970.[1]Template:Rp The symphony was listed in 2025 in the Swedish Culture Canon.[16] The conductors Antal Doráti and Sergiu Comissiona premiered and made first recordings of several of Pettersson's symphonies and contributed to his rise to fame during the 1970s.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Pettersson was hospitalized for nine months in 1970, soon after the composition of his Symphony No. 9, his longest symphony. He began writing the condensed Symphony No. 10 (1972) from his sickbed.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Pettersson was admitted to Karolinska Hospital, because of a life-threatening kidney ailment.[17] He recovered, but rheumatoid arthritis confined him most of the time to his fourth-floor apartment in a building with no elevator.Template:Efn[18]Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[5] In 1975, after a dispute about a change in a concert program for an American tour, the Stockholm Philharmonic was forbidden to perform works by Pettersson "for all time". The ban was lifted in 1976.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[19] Pettersson was awarded the Litteris et Artibus, a Swedish royal medal established in 1853, in 1977.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". In autumn 1978,Template:Efn he moved to a state living quarters.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". He began writing his seventeenth symphony, but died on 20 June 1980, at age 68,[20] in Stockholm's Maria Magdalena parish before finishing it. He is buried in the Högalid Church columbarium.[21][22][4]

Music

Pettersson's music can be compared to Mahler's symphonic output, especially in the magnificent design and the passion and dynamism.[23] He also, like Mahler, often includes music from his songs in his symphonies, as well as the second violin concerto. The symphonic eccentric Pettersson is not an avant-gardist.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". His kineticScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". and organic development of musical matterScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". uses traditional means of expression.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Basic motifs are constantly being changed and developed.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Pettersson's writing is very strenuous and often has many simultaneous polyphonic lines.[24][25] His symphonies end on common major or minor chords[1]Template:Rp— but tonality, which depends on some sense, however attenuated, of tonal progression, is found mostly in slower sections. This can be shown at the openings and endings of his 6th and 7th symphonies, and the end of his 9th. Overwhelmingly serious in tone, often dissonant, his music rises to ferocious climaxes, relieved, especially in his later works, by lyrical oases ("Script error: No such module "Lang".").[26][9]Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Pettersson's music has a very distinctive sound and can hardly be confused with that of any other 20th-century composer.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". His symphonies, which range from 25 to 70 minutes long,Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". are typically one-movement works,[27][3]Template:Rp with the exceptions of no 3 (in four movements) and no 8 (in two). Pettersson's music is often demanding both on performers and listeners.[28]

Pettersson quoted songs from his own 24 Barefoot Songs in several of his compositions.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Musicologist Ivanka Stoïanova designed a theory of musical space about Pettersson's music.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[29]

Most of his music has now been recorded at least once and much of it is now available in published scores.Template:Efn

Works

Pettersson began composing songs and smaller chamber works in the 1930s.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

His production from the 1940s includes the song cycle twenty-four Barefoot Songs (1943–1945) based on his poems and a dissonantScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". concerto for violin and string quartet (1949), which is influenced by Béla Bartók and Paul Hindemith.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". Pettersson soon found his own compositional style.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". In 1951, he created the experimental Seven Sonatas for two Violins. At the same time, he composed the first of his seventeen symphonies, which he left unfinished. This work has been recorded in a performing version prepared by trombonist and conductor Christian Lindberg in 2011.[30]

Pettersson about the symphonic output of the 1950s: <templatestyles src="Template:Blockquote/styles.css" />

No one in the 1950s noticed, that I am always breaking up the structures, that I was creating a whole new symphonic form.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

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It took four years to write the conceptual and style-defining Symphony No. 6 (1963–1966).Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters". His Symphony No. 7 and Symphony No. 8 (1968–1969) have been recorded more than his other works and are probably his best-known. In the 1970s, he composed two related works about social protest and compassion, the Symphony No. 12 for mixed chorus and orchestra (1973–1974) to poems by Literature Nobel laureate Pablo Neruda with contemporary relevanceTemplate:Efn and the cantata Vox Humana (1974) on texts by Latin American poets. During the prolific last decade of his life, he also wrote a concerto for violin and orchestra (1977–1978, Template:Abbreviation 1980) written for the violinist Ida Haendel,[31] a Symphony No. 16 (1979) which features a bravura solo part for alto saxophone commissioned by American saxophonist Frederick L. Hemke,[32] and an incomplete, posthumously discovered concerto for viola and orchestra (1979–1980).Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Legacy

In 1968–1969, conductor and composer Antal Doráti arranged eight of Pettersson's Barefoot Songs as full-scale orchestral songs.Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Choreographer Birgit Cullberg produced three ballets based on Pettersson's music. Script error: No such module "Lang". (1976, Symphony No. 7), Script error: No such module "Lang". (1977, Concerto No. 1 for String Orchestra), Script error: No such module "Lang". (War Dance) (1979, Symphony No. 9).Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

The four orchestral sketches "Script error: No such module "Lang"." (1991) by Peter Ruzicka are a tribute to Pettersson's life and work, quoting sketches of his unfinished Symphony No. 17.[33]

Roy Andersson used the finale of Symphony No. 7 in his short film World of Glory (Script error: No such module "Lang".).[34]

After Pettersson's death, the Script error: No such module "Lang". (International Allan Pettersson Society) issued six yearbooks, Classic Produktion Osnabrück CPO began recording his complete works, and a series of concerts (in 1994–1995) programmed almost all of them.[11]Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

In 2002, a Swedish Allan Pettersson Society (Template:Ill) has been founded.[35]

Awards

  • 1970 Template:Ill (Script error: No such module "Lang".), No. 741Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • 1977 Litteris et ArtibusScript error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • 1979 Template:Ill (Honorary Professorship Royal Swedish Academy of Music)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Discography

The selected discography includes the original format of the recording and releasing label. Some of the LP releases have been reissued on CD. A 12-CD pack of the Complete Symphonies of Allan Pettersson has been produced by CPO (Classic Produktion Osnabrück) based on recordings of 1984, 1988, 1991Template:Ndash1995, 2004. In 2023, a cycle of all Pettersson symphonies produced by BIS Records was completed.[36][37]

Symphonies

Other works

  • Two Elegies (1934)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • 6 Songs (1935) (text by Gunnar Björling et al.).Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[19]
  • Andante espressivo (1938)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Romanza (1942)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • 24 Barefoot Songs (Script error: No such module "Lang".) (1943Template:Ndash1945)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[41]
  • 8 Barefoot Songs (Script error: No such module "Lang".) orchestrated by Antal Dorati
  • Lamento for Piano (1945)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Concerto No. 1 for Violin and String Quartet (1949)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Concerto No. 1 for String Orchestra (1949Template:Ndash1950)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Seven Sonatas for two Violins (1951)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Concerto No. 2 for String Orchestra (1956)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Concerto No. 3 for String Orchestra (1956Template:Ndash1957)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Symphonic Movement (1973) (commissioned by Swedish Radio TV channel TV1 for a film essay by Boris Engström)[43]Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".[44][45]
  • Vox Humana (1974)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
    • Marianne Mellnas (Soprano), Margot Rodin (Alto), Sven-Erik Alexandersson (Tenor), Swedish Radio Symphony Orchestra, Swedish Radio Chorus, Stig Westerberg (BIS CD) Template:Catalog lookup link
  • Concerto No. 2 for Violin and Orchestra (1977Template:Ndash1978)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".
  • Concerto for Viola and Orchestra (1979Template:Ndash1980)Script error: No such module "Footnotes".Script error: No such module "Check for unknown parameters".

Writings

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Notes

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References

Citations

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  18. ↑ Script error: No such module "Citation/CS1". cited in Kube 2013, p. 19.
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  32. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  33. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  34. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
  35. ↑ Script error: No such module "citation/CS1".
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Documentary film

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Bibliography

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  • Script error: No such module "citation/CS1". (1985). (2nd ed.). New York: Taplinger. Template:ISBN.
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External links

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